Fermentative characteristics of sugar cane silages with additives

This work aimed to evaluate the fermentative characteristics silages of two varieties of sugar cane with different additives. The experiment was conducted in the Department of Agricultural Sciences of UNIMONTES, Janaúba Campus - MG. A completely randomized design with a factorial scheme of 2 x 5 + 2 was used, with two varieties of sugar cane (RB 86 7515 and IAC 86 2480) and five additives (urea, NaOH, CaO, corn and Lactobacillus buchneri), with three repetitions and one treatment without additive by variety, where the silos were opened 60 days after the ensiling. The additives NaOH and CaO promoted reductions in the losses by gases and effluents of the silages of sugar cane. The IAC 86 2480 variety showed better recovery rate of dry matter. The additives NaOH and L. buchneri reduced the water activity in the IAC 86 2480 variety. Corn and L. buchneri promoted lower pH values. The addition of urea significantly increased the amounts of ammonia nitrogen. The silages supplemented with NaOH and CaO showed high levels of lactic acid and low concentrations of ethanol. The concentration of acetic acid as a percentage of dry matter was high in all treatments. Propionic acid and butyric acid were within the ideal range for the fermentation process. The use of NaOH and CaO additives resulted in a silage with good fermentative characteristics and the best variety for the ensiling process was IAC 86 2480.

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Nutritional value of sugarcane silages added with different acetic acid doses

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5supl1p2387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽

pp. 2387

Author(s):

Diego Lucas Soares de Jesus ◽

João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽

Flávio Pinto Monção ◽

Wagner Sousa Alves ◽

Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Glacial Acetic Acid ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Quadratic Regression ◽

Yeast Population ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of acetic acid during the ensiling of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) on fermentation quality and nutritional value. The treatments consisted of sugarcane silages, variety (IAC 86-2480) additives with four inclusion levels of glacial acetic acid (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 % in natural matter) plus the control. A completely randomized design was used, being 5 treatments and 6 replicates. The glacial acetic acid showed a pH 2.9 (0,1M). There was a reduction of 0.07 units in the pH of the sugarcane silage for each 1% inclusion of acetic acid (P < 0.01). The N-NH3 concentration was not modified in the ensiled mass of the treatments, with a mean of 0.45% in dry matter (P =0.91). The averages of effluent losses were adjusted to the quadratic regression model with the application of acetic acid (P < 0.01). There was a reduction in the yeast population in the order of 0.44 log UFC/g of silage (P < 0.01). The addition of acetic acid in sugarcane silage reduces fermentative losses, the yeast population and improves the nutritional value in doses from 1.5% of natural matter.

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Properties and cost analysis of bio-urine liquid fertilizer (BLF) from Balinese cattle on the use of bio-activators and different fermentation times

Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture ◽

10.14710/jitaa.45.1.47-57 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 47-57

Author(s):

M. I. Said ◽

E. Abustam ◽

St. Rohani ◽

R. N. Adiatma

Keyword(s):

Production Cost ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Organic Content ◽

Organic N ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Liquid Fertilizer ◽

Ph Values ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Difference

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of bio-activator and different fermentation time in the process of producing bio-urine liquid fertilizer (BLF) from Balinese cattle. Two types of bio-activators are used, namely (1) animal bio-activator (ABA) and (2) plant bio-activator (PBA). The time of fermentation process applied is (1) 7, (2) 14 and (3) 21 days. The research was prepared based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of the factorial pattern. The data of the research were analyzed using ANOVA. The result showed that the difference of bio-activator and time of fermentation process had significant effect (P<0.05) on C-organic, N-organic and C/N ratio of BLF, but no significant on pH. The C-organic content of 9.59-12.02%. N-organic of 1.03-1.35% and C/N ratio of 8.33 to 11.03. The pH values are 8.76-8.95. The final results showed that the use of bio-activator using a 14-days fermentation time showed the best characteristics compared to other. The production cost of BLF using PBA is lower IDR.8,179.22 than ABA IDR.8.312,28. The application of PBA IDR.11,820.78, was more advantageous than ABA IDR.11,687.72.

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Effect of rehydration with whey and inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici on the chemical composition, microbiological dynamics, and fermentative losses of corn grain silage

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6supl2p3351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽

pp. 3351-3364

Author(s):

William Luiz de Souza ◽

◽

Iorrano Andrade Cidrini ◽

Arnaldo Prata Neiva Júnior ◽

Mateus Diniz Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Propionibacterium Acidipropionici ◽

Ph Values ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Material Conservation ◽

Over Time ◽

Corn Grain

The objective of this study was to compare rehydrated corn grain silages using water or whey and inoculated (Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici) or not. We also verified whether rehydration with whey associated with the bacterial inoculant improves material conservation. The treatments were as follows: silages rehydrated with water without inoculant (SWa); silages rehydrated with water and inoculated (SWaI); silages rehydrated with whey without inoculant (SWe); silages rehydrated with whey and inoculated (SWeI). A completely randomized design was used, with three replications, treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (RE: rehydration with water or whey, and IN: inoculation or addition of water without chlorine), during the following storage periods (T): 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 days. There was an RE x IN x T interaction (P < 0.001) for dry matter (DM), with lower values over time for SWe and higher values in SWeI. An interaction between RE x IN (P < 0.001) and IN x T (P < 0.001) was observed for pH, with higher values for SWe at 64 days of storage and a reduction from the first days of ensiling for SWaI and SWeI. The microbiological variables showed an RE x IN x T interaction (P < 0.001), with the highest counts of lactic acid bacteria for SWaI and SWeI up to 8 days of storage and subsequent higher counts in SWa and SWe. Higher counts were obtained in SWe. For the variables of fermentative losses, there was an RE x IN x T interaction (P < 0.001), with SWeI showing lower losses. The inoculation associated with whey for rehydration of corn grain improved the fermentation profile of the silage, with lower pH values and reduced losses.

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MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF COWPEA GENOTYPES TO IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n421rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 1001-1008

Author(s):

JOÃO PEDRO ALVES DE AQUINO ◽

ANTÔNIO AÉCIO DE CARVALHO BEZERRA ◽

FRANCISCO DE ALCÂNTARA NETO ◽

CARLOS JOSÉ GONCALVES DE SOUZA LIMA ◽

RAYLSON RODRIGUES DE SOUSA

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Water Salt ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Cowpea is broadly cultivated worldwide, especially in semi-arid or arid regions where soil or irrigation water salt contents can negatively influence the species’ productive capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses of cowpea genotypes to irrigation water salinity. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, under a completely randomized design with nine replications and in a 5x3 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - EC (EC0: 0.55; EC1: 1.60; EC2: 3.20; EC3: 4.80 and EC4: 6.40 dS m-1), applied from the 15th day after sowing (DAS), and three cowpea genotypes (G1: BRS Imponente; G2: MNC04-795F-168 and G3: MNC04-795F-159). EC increases at 35 DAS promoted stem diameter reductions of 8.0% (G1), 11.4% (G2), and 7.7% (G3), indicating different resistance to salinity by each genotype. Leaf area reductions at 25 and 38 DAS were 30.9% and 38.8% for EC0 and EC4, respectively. The BRS Imponente cultivar presented a performance superior to those of G2 and G3 in relation to stem diameter and stem dry matter at 25 DAS, and root-shoot and root-leaf ratios at 38 DAS.

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Competitive analysis of soybean and sudangrass using replacement series design

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201663050011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 668-675

Author(s):

Mauro Antônio Rizzardi ◽

Alana Cristina Dorneles Wandscheer ◽

Andrea Ferreira Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Competitive Analysis ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Series Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Agricultural Areas

ABSTRACT Competition is the best known form of direct interference of weeds on agricultural crops. However, there is relatively little information on the competition of the weed sudangrass on soybean, which has been common in agricultural areas in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competition between sudangrass and soybeans using replacement series experiments. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of soybean and sudangrass associations. The experimental units were 8-L plastic pots, in the proportions 0: 8, 2: 6, 4: 4, 6: 2, 8: 0, corresponding to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the crop and weed respectively. Shoot, root and total dry matter and plant height were analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement series and competitive indices. Soybean showed competitive superiority in coexistence with sudangrass in relation to shoot, root and total dry matter. The intraspecific competition was more significant for the crop and inter-specific competition was more important for the weed.

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Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100089 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Author(s):

C. ALVES ◽

L. GALON ◽

R.R. KAIZER ◽

F.L. WINTER ◽

C.M. HOLZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Species ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

F Test ◽

Tolerant Species ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

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Size and vigor of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan seeds harvested in Caatinga areas

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v39n4173727 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 363-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jaciara de Souza Bispo ◽

Danielle Carolina Campos da Costa ◽

Samara Elizabeth Vieira Gomes ◽

Gilmara Moreira de Oliveira ◽

Janete Rodrigues Matias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Climate Variations ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Abstract: Angico is a species found in several environments in Brazil, with several applications. It is used in the timber industry and mainly in folk medicine. In order to verify a variation in the biometric characteristics and the quality of seeds from different mother-plants in different harvesting years, the following variables were studied: moisture content, diameter, density, electrical conductivity, fresh and dry matter of seedlings, germination percentage and kinetics, in a completely randomized design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement (lots x size). The obtained results showed that angico seeds from different lots showed different physiological quality, possibly due to the climate variations to which mother-plants were submitted in the different years. Seed size directly interferes with seedling growth under both controlled and greenhouse conditions, and it can be used as a vigor indicator for angico seeds.

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Perlakuan Berbagai Dosis Pupuk ZA Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam Merah (Amaranthus gangeticus)

Jurnal Agrinika : Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Agribisnis ◽

10.30737/agrinika.v5i2.1946 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Edy Kustiani ◽

Mariyono Mariyono ◽

Bela Citra Ayuningtyas

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Environmental Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dose Treatment ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Ideal

Red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) is one of the most popular vegetables because of its high nutritional value and easy cultivation. Efforts to increase the production of red spinach are to fertilize to meet the needs of both macro and micronutrients. This study aimed to determine the effect of ZA fertilizer dose on the growth and yield of red spinach. The environmental design used was a non-factorial, completely randomized design with four replications. The factors tested were the dose of ZA fertilizer which consisted of 6 levels, namely: without ZA fertilizer (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr/polybag (D5). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if the results were significantly different, the BNT test was continued at a 5% level. The growth and yield of red spinach showed significant differences due to the ZA fertilizer dose treatment. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest plant height, the number of leaves, and leaf area of red spinach at 14, 21, and 28 days after planting. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest wet and dry weight plants of 49.15 and 4.38 grams, respectively. The ZA 1.2 gr/polybag dose is the ideal dose to increase the productivity of red spinach.Bayam merah (Amaranthus gangeticus) termasuk sayuran penting yang disukai masyarakat karena bernilai gizi tinggi dan mudah pembudidayaannya. Upaya peningkatan hasil bayam merah salah satunya dengan pemupukan untuk menambah nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah pada perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor. Faktor yang diujikan adalah dosis pupuk ZA, terdiri 6 taraf, yaitu: tanpa pupuk ZA (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr /polybag (D5). Percobaan dilakukan dengan ulangan sebanyak 4 kali. Analisis data menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA), apabila berbeda nyata dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) taraf 5%. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) menghasilkan tinggi, jumlah dan luas daun tanaman bayam merah tertinggi pada pengamatan umur 14, 21, dan 28 HST. Dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) juga menunjukkan berat basah dan berat kering tanaman tertinggi sebesar 49.15 dan 4.38 gram. Dosis ZA 1.2 gr/polybag merupakan dosis ideal untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman bayam merah.

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Karakteristik Tepung Ampas Tahu yang Difermentasi dengan Lactobacillus plantarum terhadap kandungan Daidzein, Glycitein, dan Genistein

BUANA SAINS ◽

10.33366/bs.v20i1.1931 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Eka Fitasari ◽

Budi Santosa

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Animal Feed ◽

High Energy ◽

Microbial Culture ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Animal feed should ideally be inexpensive and not competing with humans. Ampas know is a waste of the manufacture of tofu that contains protein and high energy. Its use has problems due to the existence of antinutrient and cannot be kept long. Lactobacillus Plantarum is a lactic acid (Gram-positive) bacteria used in the fermentation process to improve the quality of feed. The goal of fermentation is to remove the anti-nutrients that exist in the tofu pulp and increase the content of Isoflavone (Daidzin, Glycitein, and Genistein) and Isoflavone is a source of antioxidants important to growth. The study uses a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatment of microbial culture concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (V/w), respectively repeated 3 times. The result of analyzes in the pulp of tofu fermentation suggests that fermentation by Lactobacillus Plantarum can increase the content of Daidzein, Glycitein, and genistein with the highest value resulting from the use of L. Plantarum 20% respectively 191.21 + 24.9 μg/g, 85.96 μg/g, and 120.82 μg/g. It can be concluded that the higher the use of the concentration of L. Plantarum in tofu pulp can increase the levels of isoflavone, so it is advisable to conduct research with the concentration of L. Plantarum higher in tofu pulp

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KECERNAAN IN VITRO SILASE SAMPAH SAYUR DAN DAUN GAMAL MENGGUNAKAN MIKROORGANISME RUMEN KAMBING

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v2i3.3808 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Indrayani Indrayani ◽

Harapin Hafid ◽

Dian Agustina

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Vegetable Waste ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter level waste silage mixed vegetables and Gliricidia leaves were tested in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Each of these treatments is R0 (Gliricidia leaves 100%), R1 (Gliricidia leaves 70% + 30% silage vegetable waste), and R2 (Gliricidia leaves 40% + 60% silage vegetable waste). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further testing using the test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). The results of ANOVA showed that the mixture of vegetable waste silage was highly significant (p <0.05) on dry matter digestibility and significantly (p <0.05) on the digestibility of organic matter. It can be concluded that the mixed of vegetable waste silage and Gliricidia leaves can improved digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, treatment of 40% and 60% Gliricidia leaves plus waste vegetable produce silage dry matter digestibility and percentage of organic matter is best (72,24% and 68,19%).Keyword: Silage vegetable waste, gliricidia leaves, dry and organic matter digestibilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenaan bahan kering dan bahan organik tingkat campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal yang diuji secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan tersebut ialah R0 (daun gamal 100%), R1 (daun gamal 70% + silase sampah sayur 30%), dan R2 (daun gamal 40% + silase sampah sayur 60%). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa campuran silase sampah sayur berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan organik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal dapat meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, perlakuan 40% daun gamal dan 60% silase sampah sayur menghasilkan persentase kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik yang terbaik yaitu (72,24% dan 68,19%).Kata kunci : Silase sampah sayur, daun gamal, kecernaan bahan kering, dan bahan organik.

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