scholarly journals Ultrastructure and biochemical traits of bread and durum wheat grains under heat stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana S. Dias ◽  
Ana S. Bagulho ◽  
Fernando C. Lidon
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Aleurone Layer

The yield and grain quality (as well as technological traits) of two heat-stressed genotypes of bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) having different tolerance to high temperatures after anthesis were investigated. Heat stress, during grain filling, triggered grain shrinkage with a reduced weight and ultrastructural changes in the aleurone layer and in the endosperm cells. Heat stress also decreased the sedimentation index SDS, an effect associated with increased protein content in the grain but with decreased levels of essential amino acids. Although the responses to heat stress were similar among the Triticum genotypes, it is further suggested that during grain filling, high temperatures might affect gluten strength, diminishing the wheat flour quality.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Physiological Response of Durum Wheat Grain to Short-Term Heat Stress during Early Grain Filling

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Anita Arenas-M ◽  
Francisca M. Castillo ◽  
Diego Godoy ◽  
Javier Canales ◽  
Daniel F. Calderini
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wheat Grains

In a changing climate, extreme weather events such as heatwaves will be more frequent and could affect grain weight and the quality of crops such as wheat, one of the most significant crops in terms of global food security. In this work, we characterized the response of Triticum turgidum L. spp. durum wheat to short-term heat stress (HS) treatment at transcriptomic and physiological levels during early grain filling in glasshouse experiments. We found a significant reduction in grain weight (23.9%) and grain dimensions from HS treatment. Grain quality was also affected, showing a decrease in starch content (20.8%), in addition to increments in grain protein levels (14.6%), with respect to the control condition. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis of durum wheat grains allowed us to identify 1590 differentially expressed genes related to photosynthesis, response to heat, and carbohydrate metabolic process. A gene regulatory network analysis of HS-responsive genes uncovered novel transcription factors (TFs) controlling the expression of genes involved in abiotic stress response and grain quality, such as a member of the DOF family predicted to regulate glycogen and starch biosynthetic processes in response to HS in grains. In summary, our results provide new insights into the extensive transcriptome reprogramming that occurs during short-term HS in durum wheat grains.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Physiological Response of Durum Wheat Grain to Short-Term Heat Stress during Early Grain Filling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Arenas-M ◽  
Francisca M. Castillo ◽  
Diego Godoy ◽  
Javier Canales ◽  
Daniel F. Calderini
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wheat Grains

In a changing climate, extreme weather events such as heat waves will be more frequent and could affect grain weight and the quality of crops such as wheat, one of the most significant crops in terms of global food security. In this work, we characterized the response of Triticum turgidum spp. durum wheat to a short-term heat-stress (HS) treatment at transcriptomic and physiological levels during early grain filling in glasshouse experiments. We found a significant reduction in grain weight and size from HS treatment. Grain quality was also affected, showing a decrease in starch content in addition to increments in grain protein levels. Moreover, an RNA-seq analysis of durum wheat grains allowed us to identify 1590 differentially expressed genes related to photosynthesis, response to heat, and carbohydrate metabolic process. A gene regulatory network analysis of HS-responsive genes uncovered novel transcription factors (TFs) controlling the expression of genes involved in abiotic stress response and grain quality, such as a member of the DOF family predicted to regulate glycogen and starch biosynthetic processes in response to HS in grains. In summary, our results provide new insights into the extensive transcriptome reprogramming that occurs during short-term HS in durum wheat grains.

Interpretation of grain quality results from wheat variety trials with reference to high temperature stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Blumenthal ◽  
F Bekes ◽  
IL Batey ◽  
CW Wrigley ◽  
HJ Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Grain quality results for variety trials extending over 27 years (3 sites and 5 varieties) were compared with the temperature profiles during the grain filling period (56 days prior to harvest) to determine the effects on quality of high temperatures (>35�C) during this period of growth. Heat stress episodes have been frequent at two (Narrabri, N.S.W., and Turretfield, S.A.) of the three sites studied; spring temperatures were more moderate at the third site, Wongan Hills, W.A. There were highly significant (P< 0.01) correlations of heat stress (as hours above 35�C, during grain filling) with protein content (positive) and with grain yields (negative) at Narrabri for all varieties. In many combinations of site and variety, heat stress correlated negatively with loaf volume, and with dough strength (as Rmax, resistance to stretching with the Extensograph). Heat stress episodes in the Narrabri (N.S.W.) region in 1981 and 1982 gave further opportunity to examine these relationships. Results showed very clearly that high temperatures late in grain filling were associated with weaker dough properties (lower Rmax) in the resulting grain. These trends may form the basis of a predictive system by which to estimate crop quality and to interpret the results of variety trials.

The parameters of grain filling and yield components in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar ◽  
Marija Kraljević-Balalić ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

AbstractFinal grain dry weight, a component of yield in wheat, is dependent on the duration and the rate of grain filling. The purpose of the study was to compare the grain filling patterns between common wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.), and durum wheat, (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and investigate relationships among grain filling parameters, yield components and the yield itself. The most important variables in differentiating among grain filling curves were final grain dry weight (W) for common wheat genotypes and grain filling rate (R) for durum wheat genotypes; however, in all cases the sets of variables important in differentiating among grain filling curves were extended to either two or all three parameters. Furthermore, in one out of three environmental conditions and for both groups of genotypes, the most important parameter in the set was grain filling duration (T). It indicates significant impact of environmental conditions on dry matter accumulation and the mutual effect of grain filling duration and its rate on the final grain dry weight. The medium early anthesis date could be associated with further grain weight and yield improvements in wheat. Grain filling of earlier genotypes occurs in more temperate environments, which provides enough time for gradual grain fill and avoids the extremes of temperature and the stress of dry conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress on Inter-relationship of Physiological and Biochemical Traits with Grain Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Amrita Kumari ◽  
R. D. Ranjan ◽  
Chandan Roy ◽  
Awadesh Kumar Pal ◽  
S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Heat stress, particularly the stress appears at the time of flowering to grain filling stages causing severe yield loss in wheat. Heat tolerance is complex phenomena that include adjustment in morphological, physiological and biochemical traits of the crop. Present investigation was carried out to understand the effect of terminal heat stress on different traits of wheat. The experiment was conducted in three dates of sowing as timely sown, late sown and very late sown to expose the crop to heat stress at later stages of the crop growth. Significant genetic variations for all the traits evaluated under three conditions indicated the presence of variability for the traits. Trait association analysis revealed that flag leaf chlorophyll content and MSI at seedling stage; MDA at reproductive stage had direct relationship with grain yield. While under very late sown condition MDA and RWC at seedling stages were found to be highly correlated with grain yield. It indicates that MDA, RWC at seedling stage and days to booting, days to milking plays important role in very late sown condition that can be used as selection criteria in breeding programme.

Water use of some recent bread and durum wheat cultivars in western Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. Lemke
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Use Efficiency

Recently developed cultivars of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) produced significantly more grain than older cultivars. This production was attributed to higher harvest indices and better water use efficiency. Durum cultivars and CWRS AC Intrepid and AC Barrie extracted relatively more soil water below 55 cm, which may be advantageous in minimizing leaching and related to drought tolerance during grain-filling. Key words: Hexaploid wheat, durum, water use, soil water

Estimating genetic diversity in Greek durum wheat landraces with RAPD markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mantzavinou ◽  
Penelope J. Bebeli ◽  
Pantouses J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Arbitrary Primers

Using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method, the genetic diversity of 19 Greek landraces and 9 cultivars of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (Desf.)] was studied. Two commercial bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and one genotype of Triticum monococcum L. were also included in the study. Eighty-seven arbitrary primers (10-mer) were evaluated in a preliminary experiment and 15 of them were selected for the main experiments based on the quality and reliability of their amplification and the polymorphism they revealed. A total of 150 DNA bands were obtained, 125 (83.3%) of which were polymorphic. On average, 10 DNA bands were amplified per primer, 8.3 of which were polymorphic. The genetic similarity between all pairs of genotypes was evaluated using the Jaccard’s or Nei and Li’s coefficients; the values of the former ranged from 0.153 to 0.973 while those of the latter were slightly higher (0.265–0.986). Cluster analysis was conducted by the UPGMA and the Njoin methods. Both methods broadly placed 26 durum genotypes into 1 branch while the other branch consisted of 2 subgroups: 1 included the 2 bread wheat cultivars; the other 1 consisted of 2 durum landraces, ‘Kontopouli’ and ‘Mavrotheri-Chios’, which showed an intruiging behaviour sharing bands with the bread wheat cultivars. The T. monococcum cultivar stood apart from all other genotypes.

The tolerance of PSII to high temperatures in durum wheat (T. turgidum conv. durum): genetic variation and relationship with yield under heat stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rekika ◽  
Y. Kara ◽  
I. Souyris ◽  
M. M. Nachit ◽  
A. Asbati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
High Temperatures
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