Influence of age, gender and educational level on performance in the Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu

Abstract The Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu (BCB-Edu) contains nine tests, seven of which are related to the memory of drawings, and has good accuracy in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Objectives: To evaluate the influence of age, gender and educational level on the performance in tests related to memory of drawings of the BCB-Edu in healthy subjects. Methods: Participants were adult volunteers; exclusion criteria were illiteracy, neurologic or psychiatric disorders, visual or hearing impairment, untreated chronic clinical conditions, alcoholism, use of drugs, and for those aged 65 or over, an informant report of cognitive or functional impairment. We evaluated 325 individuals (207 women), with a mean age of 47.1 (±16.8) years, ranging from 19 to 81, and a mean of 9.8 (±5.0) schooling-years. Univariate analyses, correlations and logistic regression were employed (a=0.05). Results: There were significant negative correlations between age and the scores in four of the seven tests. However, schooling-years were positively correlated to the scores, where schooling-years decreased with age in this sample (rho= -0.323; p<0.001). Logistic regression confirmed that gender influenced the learning of drawings, where women performed better, while age influenced incidental memory, immediate memory, learning and delayed recall of the drawings, and schooling-years influenced visual identification, immediate memory, learning, delayed recall and recognition of the drawings. Conclusion: Gender, age and education influence the performance on the memory of drawings of the BCB-Edu, although the extent of these influences differs according to the nature of the test.

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Health Conditions and Memory Performance: a study with older adult women

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 640-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alice Milani Nespollo ◽

Samira Reschetti Marcon ◽

Nathalie Vilma Pollo de Lima ◽

Tatiane Lebre Dias ◽

Mariano Martínez Espinosa

Keyword(s):

Older Adult ◽

Educational Level ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Health Perception ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Adult Women ◽

Delayed Recall ◽

Immediate Memory

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the correlation between health condition and memory performance of older adult women in the community. Method: Analytical cross-sectional study developed with 28 older adult women living in Cuiabá-MT. They answered the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and a shortened Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) to screen for dementia and depression symptoms. Memory skills were assessed through Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Results: The mean age was 66.36 years and 75% of the participants had educational level higher than 7 years. The MMSE mean score was 28.45. The correlations found were: educational level and immediate memory (r = 0.49; p = 0.008); delayed recall and immediate memory (r = 0.71; p < 0.001); memory recognition and immediate memory (r = 0.43; p = 0.021) and recognition memory with delayed recall (r = 0.47; p = 0.012). Conclusion: High scores in the MMSE and a satisfactory health perception among the participants were evident. There was no correlation between memory performance and health perception.

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Performance of elderly on the three words-three shapes test: A Brazilian study

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/s1980-57642008dn10400012 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 396-401

Author(s):

Cristiane Garcia da Costa Armentano ◽

Julieta Quayle

Keyword(s):

Educational Level ◽

The Elderly ◽

Test Method ◽

Delayed Recall ◽

Assessment Of Learning ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

Stored Information ◽

Better Than ◽

Years Of Schooling

Abstract The three words-three shapes test is a brief bedside technique for assessment of learning and memory using verbal and non-verbal material. To the best of our knowledge, performance of Brazilian elderly on this test has not yet been reported. Objective: To evaluate the performance of normal Brazilian elderly on the three words-three shapes test. Method: A total of 50 adult patients, 25 males and 25 females, with age ranging from 55 to 81 years (66.0±7.10 years), 1 to 8 years of schooling, different economic conditions and living in the São José do Rio Preto municipality, State of São Paulo, were evaluated. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between performance of males and females. Performance on incidental recall was significantly lower than in delayed recall. The performance in the learning phase improved following at least two further presentations of the stimuli. Approximately 50% of the participants did not remember the six stimuli and had to proceed to the recognition stage. The performance in the recognition stage was significantly better than during spontaneous recall. Patients with low educational level (less years of schooling) had poorer performance on the recall of shapes and on the total score of the test. Conclusions: The three words-three shapes test is rapid, efficient and straightforward to apply in the elderly, but low educational level was associated with poorer performance on this test. Normal elderly individuals had greater difficulty in the encoding process and in searching for stored information.

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Power and sample size for multivariate logistic modeling of unmatched case-control studies

Statistical Methods in Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0962280217737157 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 822-834

Author(s):

Mitchell H Gail ◽

Sebastien Haneuse

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Sample Size ◽

Case Control ◽

Simulation Methods ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Control Data ◽

Logistic Analysis ◽

Sample Size Calculations ◽

Control Designs ◽

Univariate Analyses

Sample size calculations are needed to design and assess the feasibility of case-control studies. Although such calculations are readily available for simple case-control designs and univariate analyses, there is limited theory and software for multivariate unconditional logistic analysis of case-control data. Here we outline the theory needed to detect scalar exposure effects or scalar interactions while controlling for other covariates in logistic regression. Both analytical and simulation methods are presented, together with links to the corresponding software.

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Perceptions and Adaptations to Climate Change in Southern Mali

10.20944/preprints202103.0353.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tiémoko Soumaoro

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Educational Level ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Probit Model ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Main Determinants ◽

The Impact

This study aims to determine the impact of climate change on market garden production in the extreme south of Mali through the perception and adaptation of market gardeners to climatic phenomena. The study used two models, namely the probit selection and Heckman results models and multinomial logistic regression, based on data collected from producers. A total of 194 producers were surveyed. The results of Heckman's probit model indicate that experience in agriculture and the educational level of the producers are the two main determinants of producers' perception and simultaneous adaptation to climate change. Among these variables agricultural experience is both positively and negatively correlated with perception.

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A Statistical Study of Crime in Ghana

Journal of Engineering Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jerr/2020/v15i317145 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 6-16

Author(s):

Bosson-Amedenu Senyefia ◽

Eyiah-Bediako Francis ◽

Kusi Prince

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Educational Level ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Age Group ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Equality Of Means ◽

Homogeneity Of Variance ◽

The Mean

Understanding the dynamics, patterns, and probabilities associated with the correlates of crime is a promising way to managing crime. In this study, a multinomial logistic regression was used to predict the propensity of individuals for committing particular crimes. The secondary data of 6702 prisoners was collated from Ghana Prisons Service for the purpose of the study. ANOVA and Brown-Forsythe robust tests of equality of means were employed, where the assumptions for homogeneity of variance were sustained and violated respectively. Pearson’s correlation matrix was also used in the analysis. Our findings showed that religious affiliation and educational level of convicts significantly affected the odds that they would commit a particular crime. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that illiteracy significantly affected the odds that one would commit the crimes of manslaughter, rape, theft, causing harm, and issuing death threats. On the other hand, religious affiliation of an offender significantly affected the odds to commit the crime of murder. Educational level (r= -0.25; p< 0.05) and religious affiliation (r= -0.26; p<0.05) correlated negatively with crime. There were no significant differences in the mean score of crime across educational and religious levels. However, there were significant differences in the mean score of crime across age and gender. The mean difference from the post-hoc analysis showed a pattern of an initial rise in crime among the younger age group (8-25 years), a subsequent decline in the age group of 26-35, and a final surge in individuals beyond 35 years that did not surpass the initial peak. Females (M: 6.89, SD: 1.253) were found to have lower crime incidence than males (M: 7.43, SD: 3.008) for all crimes considered in this study. We recommend that Ghana’s Prison Service consider incorporating further demographic information of inmates in order to support research; which could help identify avenues for the amelioration of crime locally.

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Association between Carotid Artery Calcification and Periodontal Disease Progression in Japanese Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9103365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 3365

Author(s):

Nanae Dewake ◽

Yasuaki Ishioka ◽

Keiichi Uchida ◽

Akira Taguchi ◽

Yukihito Higashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Roc Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Carotid Artery Calcification ◽

Univariate Analyses

Objective: To evaluate the association between alveolar bone loss (ABL) detected on panoramic radiographs and carotid artery calcification (CAC) detected on computed tomography (CT). Methods: The study subjects included 295 patients (mean age ± SD: 64.6 ± 11.8 years) who visited the Matsumoto Dental University Hospital. The rate of ABL and the number of present teeth were measured on panoramic radiographs. Univariate analyses with t-tests and chi-squared tests were performed to evaluate the differences in age, gender, history of diseases, number of present teeth, and the ABL between subjects, with and without CAC. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis, with forward selection and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, was performed. Results: The number of subjects without and with CAC was 174 and 121, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that CAC was significantly associated with age, hypertension, osteoporosis, number of present teeth, and ABL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for covariates revealed that the presence of CAC was significantly associated with ABL (OR = 1.233, 95% CI = 1.167–1.303). In the ROC analysis for predicting the presence of CAC, the the area under the ROC curve was the highest at 0.932 (95% CI = 0.904–0.960) for ABL, which was significant. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the measurement of ABL on panoramic radiographs may be an effective approach to identifying patients with an increased risk of CAC.

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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE LEVEL OF PROBLEM GAMBLING: A MACAO CASE

The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics ◽

10.5750/jgbe.v6i1.576 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 49-64

Author(s):

Millissa Cheung

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Problem Gambling ◽

Marital Status ◽

Educational Level ◽

Perceived Control ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Problem Gamblers ◽

The Relationship

This study has two purposes. First, we aim to identify the demography factors, namely gender, marital status, educational level, age, monthly income, and cognitive factor, namely casino-related job and emotional intelligence are predictive of problem gambling. Second, we propose and test whether perceived control of time over work moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence and level of problem gambling. Data are randomly collected from 310 respondents in Macao. Results of logistic regression showed that respondents who are male, married, have a low educational level, low emotional intelligence, high monthly income, and have a casino-related job have a higher tendency of becoming problem gamblers. In addition, results of moderated regression indicated that the negative relationship between emotional intelligence and level of problem gambling is found more negative when the employees’ perceived control of time over work is low. The implications of the findings are discussed.

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Race and Disability on Perception on Relative Fairness of Postsecondary Educational Accommodations

Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling ◽

10.1891/0047-2220.50.2.118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 118-128

Author(s):

Matthew E. Sprong ◽

Bryan K. Dallas ◽

Kara Hennenfent ◽

Brianna Cerrito ◽

Frank Buono

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Educational Level ◽

Related Case ◽

Disability Status ◽

Midwestern University ◽

Educational Accommodations ◽

The Impact ◽

To Receive

The purpose of the current study was to explore how students at a Midwestern University rated the fairness of a student with a disability receiving specific educational accommodations when controlling for the race of the student requesting the accommodation. We were also interested in exploring the impact of disability status and educational level of the student participants on their perception of how fair it would be for the student with the disability in the scenario to receive specific educational accommodations. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the race of the hypothetical student with a disability was not a significant predictor of whether a student deserved educational accommodations. Additionally, participants that disclosed that they had a disability thought the student in the disability-related case scenarios were more deserving of accommodations compared to participants that did not disclose having a disability.

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Predictors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients with and without prophylactic recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) therapy

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9554 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 9554-9554

Author(s):

E. A. Coleman ◽

E. J. Anaissie ◽

R. L. Kennedy ◽

K. D. Lockhart ◽

C. B. Stewart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Induction Phase ◽

Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Multiagent Chemotherapy ◽

Deep Vein ◽

Univariate Analyses

9554 Background: DVT, a complication among newly diagnosed MM patients, is most common during the first 3–4 months of therapy. EPO, given to treat anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy, has been associated with increased DVT risk and the mechanism, thought to be related to rise in hemoglobin, remains unknown. Methods: All 604 patients with newly diagnosed MM who completed the induction phase (∼ 3–4 months) of treatment were included. Induction consisted of multiagent chemotherapy with upfront randomization to thalidomide (THAL) or no THAL. 122 patients were also enrolled in an exercise study that included prophylactic EPO. Venous thromboembolism, defined as Doppler confirmed DVT and/or pulmonary embolus during induction, was the primary endpoint. Univariate analyses provided group comparisons. Logistic regression analysis determined predictors of DVT. Results: EPO and No EPO groups were similar for THAL use, age, race, gender, BMI, DVT history, and key baseline laboratory values except for lower cytogenetics risk score (p = 0.010) and higher albumin (p = 0.005), hemoglobin (p = 0.025) and fibrinogen (p = 0.0005) in the EPO group. EPO patients had a higher incidence of DVT 25 (20.5%) vs. 47 (9.8%) (p = 0.001). Risk factors for DVT by univariate analysis were THAL (p =0.001) and baseline platelets > 350,000/μL (p = 0.018) but not hemoglobin (at baseline or throughout study). There were no significant differences in MM response or survival between the groups with and without DVT. Compared to the No EPO group, EPO-treated patients had a better MM response (p = 0.023) and a higher survival (p = 0.0005). The main predictors of DVT by logistic regression were THAL and prophylactic EPO. Conclusions: THAL and prophylactic EPO predict for higher risk of DVT among newly diagnosed MM patients. Hemoglobin levels were not related to higher risk of DVT. DVT and EPO did not decrease treatment response or survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Presentation of Keywords by Means of Interactive Drawings

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/s1138741600005874 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 102-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alfredo Campos ◽

Ángeles Amor ◽

María Ángeles González

Keyword(s):

School Students ◽

Delayed Recall ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Immediate Recall ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Mental Abilities ◽

Group 2 ◽

Spatial Test ◽

Univariate Analyses ◽

Group 1

One of the main outstanding problems in keyword mnemotechnics is whether this technique is more effective when the subjects generate their own keywords, or when the keywords are supplied by the experimenter. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. An alternative method has recently been suggested, in which the keywords are generated by the subjects' peers. In the present study we aimed to investigate whether immediate or delayed recall are affected by keyword generation method (experimenter or peer generation). We also aimed to determine whether the method of keyword generation affects imaging capacity as evaluated by questionnaires or spatial tests. A total of 377 secondary-school students were selected and divided into four groups. All subjects were presented with 30 Latin words. Additionally, the subjects in Group 1 were presented with bizarre images, while the subjects of Group 2 were presented with normal images, in both cases representing the keywords selected by peers as interacting with the Latin words. The subjects in Groups 3 and 4 were likewise presented with normal or bizarre images, respectively, but representing the keywords selected by the experimenters. The subjects' imaging capacity was evaluated by means of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) and the Spatial Test of Primary Mental Abilities (ST-PMA). The results were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with three factors (ST-PMA imaging capacity, 2 levels; VVIQ imaging capacity, 2 levels; and mnemotechnic method, 4 levels) and dependent variables immediate recall and delayed recall. All three factors influenced recall. Subsequent univariate analyses of variance indicated that subjects with high ST-PMA score and subjects with high VVIQ score showed better immediate and delayed recall than subjects with low ST-PMA score and subjects with low VVIQ score. Mnemotechnic method (i.e. whether keywords are generated by the experimenter or by peers) significantly affected immediate recall but not delayed recall.

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