scholarly journals Artificial feeding of Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) fasting females through capillary tube technique

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Abel ◽  
Fabíola N. Corrêa ◽  
Abisair A. Castro ◽  
Nathalie C. Cunha ◽  
Renata C. Madureira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Bovine Blood ◽  
Amblyomma Cajennense ◽  
Capillary Tubes ◽  
Feeding Technique

The present study aimed to adjust the artificial feeding technique through capillaries and to verify its influence over the biology of Amblyomma cajennense females. Five groups of 20 female ticks were formed. Females were starved for 45 days and then fed with citrated bovine blood using capillary tubes in different periods of time. Females were divided in five experimental groups with 20 individuals each and fed as follows: groups uninterruptedly fed for 12, 24, and 48 hours and groups fed 2 and 6 h a day, for a period of 8 days. Subsequently, ticks were exposed to rabbits for complementary feeding and their biological parameters were analyzed. TIcks were capable of feeding, showing rounded idiosoma, visible even to naked eyes, following the feeding period. The groups fed for 24 hours, 2 hours/day for eight consecutive days or 6h/day for eight consecutive days presented greater weight gain, without statistically significant differences. These results suggested that 24 hours of artificial feeding were enough for fasting females to increase weight by 2.43 mg. Artificial feeding through capillaries did not interfere with parasitic and non-parasitic phases of A. cajennense females.

scholarly journals Using plastic tips in artificial feeding of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) females

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Rodrigues de Almeida Valim ◽  
Charles Passos Rangel ◽  
Bruna de Azevedo Baêta ◽  
Carla Carolina Dias Uzedo Ribeiro ◽  
Matheus Dias Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato ◽  
Parasitic Phase

Abstract This study evaluated the influence of the initial weight, feeding period and temperature on weight gain and biological parameters of the non-parasitic phase of partially engorged Rhipicephalus sanguineus females that were artificially fed using plastic tips as feeding devices. The device did not alter the oviposition of the females or any other parameters evaluated. Furthermore, it was observed that the temperature of the feeding the group did not affect the weight gain and biology of ticks. This device has great potential for the development of studies on bioagent transmission because it provides higher intake of blood by ixodid ticks.

scholarly journals Assessment of weight gain and biological parameters of Rhipicephalus sanguineus females fed artificially via capillary tubes

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Costa da Cunha ◽  
Charles Passos Rangel ◽  
Eliane Mattos Piranda ◽  
Jania de Rezende ◽  
Rafaella Câmara Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Parasitic Stage ◽  
Capillary Tubes ◽  
Easy Method

This study assesses the weight gain of partially engorged Rhipicephalus sanguineus females that were artificially fed via capillary tubes and the influence of capillary tube feeding on the biological parameters of the non-parasitic stage of the species. The ticks were sorted into four groups, each containing ten females of a homogeneous weight. The groups were each treated for different feeding times, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours. The weight gain of the artificially fed females was measured, and the biological parameters of the non-parasitic stage of the tick were observed for each treatment group. The statistical non-parametrical Dunn and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the results. The mean weights (mg) were 0.2±2.4; 4.3±5.8; 7.4±5.8 and 12.0±11.2 for the 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours feeding groups, respectively. The weight of the fed groups increased as the capillary feeding time increased, and this relationship was highly significant (P<0.05) between the groups fed for 2 and 24 hours. No statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the parameters of the non-parasitic stage for the artificially fed groups. It can be concluded that artificial feeding via capillary tubes provides an efficient and easy method for the artificial intake of blood by R. sanguineus. Furthermore, it was noted that the ticks fed in vitro were able to establish a new generation. The experimental method shows great promise in studies that aim to investigate biological disease agents.

scholarly journals Rapid infancy weight gain during the complementary feeding period in a cohort of Spanish infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Isabel Iguacel ◽  
Lino Álvarez ◽  
Mª Jesús Cabero ◽  
Laura Monje ◽  
Luis A. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Period

scholarly journals Dietary replacement of fish meal by defatted and fermented soybean meals with taurine supplementation for pompano fish: effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and biological parameters in a long-term feeding period

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Phuc Nguyen ◽  
Thinh Van Do ◽  
Hau Duc Tran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Taurine Supplementation ◽  
Fermented Soybean

Abstract A 16-wk growth trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary replacement of fish meal by defatted soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with taurine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) and biological parameters of pompano fish. The FSBM was produced by fermenting SBM with Lactobacillus spp. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 35% or 50% of fish meal by SBM or FSBM with taurine supplementation. The diets are denoted as follows: FM, SBM35, SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50, SBM50T, and FSBM50T. The FM (the basal diet) contained fish meal as a main source of dietary protein. Taurine was supplemented to SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50T, and FSBM50T at the level of 15 g/kg diet. Pompano juveniles with an initial body weight (BW) of 80 g reared in floating net cages were fed the experimental diets twice daily for 16 wk. Results showed that the final BW, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were significantly lower than those of fish fed FM (P &lt; 0.05), indicating that the replacement of fish meal by SBM at the rate of 35% in the diet is excessive for pompano. Supplementation of taurine to the SBM-included diets significantly increased growth performance and feed utilization (P &lt; 0.05); however, these diets did not restore the performance back to a level equivalent to that of fish offered the basal diet. Meanwhile, fish fed FSBM35T had comparable growth and feed performances to those fed FM. Hematocrit values, total biliary bile acid levels, whole body lipid contents, and tissue taurine concentrations of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were the lowest among the treatments, but these parameters were improved by taurine supplementation and FSBM inclusion in the diet. Taurine supplementation increased lipid ADC, and SBM fermentation slightly enhanced both lipid and protein ADCs of the fish. These findings suggest that the combination of FSBM and taurine supplementation is an effective way to improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and biological parameters, and that FSBM with taurine supplementation can replace 35% of fish meal in pompano diets without any negative effects on growth and feed performances in a long-term feeding period.

scholarly journals Gold Nanoparticles Affect Pericyte Biology and Capillary Tube Formation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Sasikarn Looprasertkul ◽  
Amornpun Sereemaspun ◽  
Nakarin Kitkumthorn ◽  
Kanidta Sooklert ◽  
Tewarit Sarachana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Capillary Tubes ◽  
Cell Functions

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, especially antiangiogenesis, which are accomplished via inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. However, no research has been performed on the effects of AuNPs in pericytes, which play vital roles in endothelial cell functions and capillary tube formation during physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, the effects of AuNPs on the morphology and functions of pericytes need to be elucidated. This study treated human placental pericytes in monoculture with 20 nm AuNPs at a concentration of 30 ppm. Ki-67 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) mRNA expression was measured using real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell migration was assessed by Transwell migration assay. The fine structures of pericytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, 30 ppm AuNP-treated pericytes and intact human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cocultured on Matrigel to form three-dimensional (3D) capillary tubes. The results demonstrated that AuNPs significantly inhibited proliferation, reduced PDGFR-β mRNA expression, and decreased migration in pericytes. Ultrastructural analysis of pericytes revealed AuNPs in late endosomes, autolysosomes, and mitochondria. Remarkably, many mitochondria were swollen or damaged. Additionally, capillary tube formation was reduced. We found that numerous pericytes on 3D capillary tubes were round and did not extend their processes along the tubes, which resulted in more incomplete tube formation in the treatment group compared with the control group. In summary, AuNPs can affect pericyte proliferation, PDGFR-β mRNA expression, migration, morphology, and capillary tube formation. The findings highlight the possible application of AuNPs in pericyte-targeted therapy for antiangiogenesis.

RESPONSE OF LACTATING EWES TO SNOW AS A SOURCE OF WATER

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. DEGEN ◽  
B. A. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Reduced Water

Eight Suffolk-cross ewes, each nursing a ram-lamb, were kept in a snow-covered field and were individually offered 2 kg of dehydrated alfalfa pellets daily. Half the ewes were denied water from the 4th to 14th wk of lactation but had access to snow as a water source (snow ewes), while the others were offered water during the daily feeding period (water ewes). The ewes readily accepted snow as their source of water. The total water turnover of the snow ewes was approximately 35% less than that of the water ewes; however, this reduced water intake did not affect their milk yield, total body water, or hemactocrit. The liveweight and total body solids of the ewes and energy content of the milk were not significantly different in the two groups. The weight gain of the lambs from the two groups of ewes was not significantly different, averaging 118 and 105 g/day for lambs from the water and snow ewes, respectively.

scholarly journals Association Between Added Sugars from Infant Formulas and Rapid Weight Gain in US Infants and Toddlers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Ling Kong ◽  
Brenda Burgess ◽  
Katherine S Morris ◽  
Tyler Re ◽  
Holly R Hull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Weight For Age

ABSTRACT Background Formulas often contain high amounts of added sugars, though little research has studied their connection to obesity. Objectives This study assessed the contribution of added sugars from formulas during complementary feeding on total added sugar intakes, and the association between these sugars and upward weight-for-age percentile (WFA%) crossing (i.e., participants crossing a higher threshold percentile were considered to have an upward crossing). Methods Data from three 24-hour dietary recalls for infants (n = 97; 9–12 months) and toddlers (n = 44; 13–15 months) were obtained in this cross-sectional analysis. Foods and beverages with added sugars were divided into 17 categories. Pearson's correlations were used to test relations between added sugar intake and upward WFA% crossing, followed by multivariable regressions when significant. ANOVA compared intakes of all, milk-based, and table foods between primarily formula-fed compared with breastfed participants. Multivariable regressions were used to test effects of added sugars and protein from all foods compared with added sugars and protein from milk-based sources on upward WFA% crossing. Results Added sugars from formulas comprised 66% and 7% of added sugars consumed daily by infants and toddlers, respectively. A significant association was observed between upward WFA% crossing and added sugars from milk-based sources after controlling for gestational age, sex, age, introduction to solid foods, mean energy intakes, and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and education (β = 0.003; 95% CI, 0.000–0.007; P = 0.046). Primarily formula-fed participants consumed nearly twice the energy from added sugars (P = 0.003) and gained weight faster (upward WFA% crossing = 1.1 ± 1.2 compared with 0.3 ± 0.6, respectively; P &lt; 0.001) than their breastfed counterparts. Conclusions Added sugars in formulas predict rapid weight gain in infants and toddlers. Educating mothers on lower-sugar options may enhance childhood obesity prevention.

Experimental Investigation on Flow Characteristic of Stepped Capillary Tube for Heat Pump Type Air Conditioner with R410A

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 643-647
Author(s):  
Yan Sheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Capillary Tubes ◽  
Tube Assembly

A stepped capillary tube consisting of two serially connected capillary tubes with different diameters is invented to replace the conventional expansion device. The mass flow rate of refrigerant R410A in stepped capillary tubes with different size were tested. The model of stepped capillary tube is proposed, and its numerical algorithm for tube length and mass flow rate is developed. The experimental results show that the performance comparing between stepped capillary tube system and capillary tube assembly system, the cooling capacity is reduced by 0.3%, the energy efficiency ratio (EER) is equal to each other, the heating capacity is increased by 0.3%, the coefficient of performance (COP) is decreased by 0.3%. That is to say, the performance index of the two kinds of throttle mechanism is almost identical. It indicates that the stepped capillary tube can replace the capillary tube assembly in the R410A heat pump type air conditioner absolutely. The model is validated with experimental data, and the results show that the model can be used for sizing and rating stepped capillary tube.

Haematology and growth performance characteristics of broiler birds fed abattoir wastes (bovine blood and rumen content)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
O. A. Ekine
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Bovine Blood ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight

This study was conducted to assess the effects of abattoir wastes (bovine blood and rumen content mixture) on the haematology and growth performance characteristics of broiler birds. One hundred and twenty (120) unsexed day old Abor acre broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments and replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Four experimental diets were formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of broilers such that the birds were fed sundried abattoir waste (bovine blood and rumen content mixture) included at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% representing Diet 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, with Diet 1 as the control. Each dietary treatment consists of 30 birds with 10 birds per replicate. The experimental diets and clean water were supplied at- libitum throughout the experimental period. Data were collected on feed intake, daily weight gain, final body weight, weight gain. Feed conversion ratios were calculated. Blood samples for hematology was collected, analyzed and recorded. At the end of the 56 days feeding trials, data collected on different parameters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that mixtures of bovine blood and rumen content significantly (P<0.05) improved the final weight (1767.02g -1931.44g), weight gain (1367.02g -1528.44g), feed intake (107.47g -118.99g) and feed conversion ratio (4.87 – 4.08) of the broilers. Significant (P<0.05) improvements were observed on the RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, eosinophyls and the lymphocytes of the haematological parameters of the broilers. These results showed the complementary potentials of bovine blood and rumen content mixture in broiler diets, which can be included up to 15% in the ration of broilers without detrimentally affecting the growth performance and haematology of the broilers.

Development of Capillary Tube Production Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Yur'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Dudko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electric Furnace ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Capillary Tubes

A manufacturing process was developed using an electric through-type furnace for capillary tubes used for single-use injection syringes. The process flow diagram consisting of a number of sequential steps and tube heat treatment conditions in protective atmosphere of pure hydrogen providing also for the tube purging with inert gas were considered. The electric furnace installed capacity and heating element dimensions were found as a result of the thermotechnical calculations. Industry research was carried out with a view to optimize the annealing process of capillary tubes in the electric furnace. A choice of material for the muffle fabrication was justified. Temperature fields inside the muffles were evaluated. The optimal flow of protective gas and the maximum allowable flow of purging gas in the form of nitrogen and argon were determined. Mechanical properties were studied for tubes (stocks), welded at the medical goods fabrication plant in Tumen and fabricated at the Pervouralsky Novotrubny Plant. Test data were obtained for optimal rates of tube movement in the furnace, allowing production of capillary tubes, acceptable for medical needle fabrication after annealing. It was demonstrated that capillary tube heat treatment, ensuring the required condition of both outside and inside surfaces, as well as required mechanical properties, is possible with the use of nitrogen as protective (instead of hydrogen) and purging gases. At that probability of better tube surface condition significantly grows.

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