Rapid infancy weight gain during the complementary feeding period in a cohort of Spanish infants

The present study aimed to adjust the artificial feeding technique through capillaries and to verify its influence over the biology of Amblyomma cajennense females. Five groups of 20 female ticks were formed. Females were starved for 45 days and then fed with citrated bovine blood using capillary tubes in different periods of time. Females were divided in five experimental groups with 20 individuals each and fed as follows: groups uninterruptedly fed for 12, 24, and 48 hours and groups fed 2 and 6 h a day, for a period of 8 days. Subsequently, ticks were exposed to rabbits for complementary feeding and their biological parameters were analyzed. TIcks were capable of feeding, showing rounded idiosoma, visible even to naked eyes, following the feeding period. The groups fed for 24 hours, 2 hours/day for eight consecutive days or 6h/day for eight consecutive days presented greater weight gain, without statistically significant differences. These results suggested that 24 hours of artificial feeding were enough for fasting females to increase weight by 2.43 mg. Artificial feeding through capillaries did not interfere with parasitic and non-parasitic phases of A. cajennense females.

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RESPONSE OF LACTATING EWES TO SNOW AS A SOURCE OF WATER

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas81-011 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. A. DEGEN ◽

B. A. YOUNG

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Total Body Water ◽

Energy Content ◽

Water Source ◽

Feeding Period ◽

Total Water ◽

Water Turnover ◽

Total Body ◽

Reduced Water

Eight Suffolk-cross ewes, each nursing a ram-lamb, were kept in a snow-covered field and were individually offered 2 kg of dehydrated alfalfa pellets daily. Half the ewes were denied water from the 4th to 14th wk of lactation but had access to snow as a water source (snow ewes), while the others were offered water during the daily feeding period (water ewes). The ewes readily accepted snow as their source of water. The total water turnover of the snow ewes was approximately 35% less than that of the water ewes; however, this reduced water intake did not affect their milk yield, total body water, or hemactocrit. The liveweight and total body solids of the ewes and energy content of the milk were not significantly different in the two groups. The weight gain of the lambs from the two groups of ewes was not significantly different, averaging 118 and 105 g/day for lambs from the water and snow ewes, respectively.

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Association Between Added Sugars from Infant Formulas and Rapid Weight Gain in US Infants and Toddlers

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxab044 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kai Ling Kong ◽

Brenda Burgess ◽

Katherine S Morris ◽

Tyler Re ◽

Holly R Hull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Infants And Toddlers ◽

Rapid Weight Gain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Added Sugar ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Solid Foods ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Weight For Age

ABSTRACT Background Formulas often contain high amounts of added sugars, though little research has studied their connection to obesity. Objectives This study assessed the contribution of added sugars from formulas during complementary feeding on total added sugar intakes, and the association between these sugars and upward weight-for-age percentile (WFA%) crossing (i.e., participants crossing a higher threshold percentile were considered to have an upward crossing). Methods Data from three 24-hour dietary recalls for infants (n = 97; 9–12 months) and toddlers (n = 44; 13–15 months) were obtained in this cross-sectional analysis. Foods and beverages with added sugars were divided into 17 categories. Pearson's correlations were used to test relations between added sugar intake and upward WFA% crossing, followed by multivariable regressions when significant. ANOVA compared intakes of all, milk-based, and table foods between primarily formula-fed compared with breastfed participants. Multivariable regressions were used to test effects of added sugars and protein from all foods compared with added sugars and protein from milk-based sources on upward WFA% crossing. Results Added sugars from formulas comprised 66% and 7% of added sugars consumed daily by infants and toddlers, respectively. A significant association was observed between upward WFA% crossing and added sugars from milk-based sources after controlling for gestational age, sex, age, introduction to solid foods, mean energy intakes, and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and education (β = 0.003; 95% CI, 0.000–0.007; P = 0.046). Primarily formula-fed participants consumed nearly twice the energy from added sugars (P = 0.003) and gained weight faster (upward WFA% crossing = 1.1 ± 1.2 compared with 0.3 ± 0.6, respectively; P < 0.001) than their breastfed counterparts. Conclusions Added sugars in formulas predict rapid weight gain in infants and toddlers. Educating mothers on lower-sugar options may enhance childhood obesity prevention.

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The effect of hexoestrol on nitrogen retention of lambs and on ration digestibility

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production ◽

10.1017/s0369852100001871 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 1958 ◽

pp. 13-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. R. Preston ◽

V. Rochanasaroj ◽

Isoline Gee

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Major Part ◽

Growth Response ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Live Weight ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Feeding Period ◽

Subcutaneous Implantation ◽

Live Weight Gain ◽

Series Of Experiments

It is now widely accepted that the subcutaneous implantation of stilboestrol or hexoestrol increases the rate of live-weight gain in lambs and cattle. In sheep it is generally considered that for a feeding period of up to 12 weeks a single implantation of hormone produces an adequate growth response. Perry et al.(1951), Stephens & Thompson (1952) and Bell et al.(1954) reported no advantage from repeated implantations during the experimental period. In a series of experiments at this Institute (Preston & Gee, 1957a) it has been noticed that the major part of the increased weight gain takes place during the first six weeks after hexoestrol implantation.

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Harmonizing Micronutrient Intake Reference Ranges for Dietary Guidance and Menu Planning in Complementary Feeding

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lynda M O'Neill ◽

Johanna T Dwyer ◽

Regan L Bailey ◽

Kathleen C Reidy ◽

Jose M Saavedra

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Feeding Period ◽

Menu Planning ◽

Food Standards ◽

Micronutrient Intake ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Nutrient Reference Values

ABSTRACT There are no published harmonized nutrient reference values for the complementary feeding period. The aim of the study was to develop proposals on adequate and safe intake ranges of micronutrients that can be applied to dietary guidance and menu planning. Dietary intake surveys from 6 populous countries were selected as pertinent to the study and reviewed for data on micronutrients. The most frequently underconsumed micronutrients were identified as iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate. Key published reference values for these micronutrients were identified, compared, and reconciled. WHO/FAO values were generally identified as initial nutrient targets and reconciled with nutrient reference values from the Institute of Medicine and the European Food Standards Authority. A final set of harmonized reference nutrient intake ranges for the complementary feeding period is proposed.

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An innovative in-field cattle finishing system for the tropics

American Journal of Alternative Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0889189300001624 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 74-82

Author(s):

Devindar Singh ◽

J. R. Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Control Group ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Feeding Period ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Field Corn ◽

Corn Crop ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Liver Flukes

AbstractAn innovative cattle finishing program was tested in which beef cattle were fed on mature zones of standing corn crop in a regulated manner. The corn crop was planted at weekly intervals in a continual rotation year round. When the first planting of corn reached the early dent stage of maturity, nine beef steers (average beginning weight 234.8 ± 7.55* kg) were put in the field inside movable cattle pens. The cattle pens were only large enough to provide one full day of feed and were moved into fresh corn twice a day. The cattle were also provided protein and mineral supplements to balance the corn diet. The test results show that after the initial learning period of a few weeks, cattle consumed practically all the corn ears and about 70 percent of available corn stover. The performance of these steers was compared with that of a control group of nine steers that were fed standard feedlot diet. When feed availability was adequate, there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in the rate of weight gain between the infield corn-fed animals and the control animals. The test demonstrated that beef cattle could be fed standing field corn for at least three-quarters of the feeding period without affecting the meat quality as measured by rib eye area, fat content, texture and color of lean, and quality grade. All the steers had liver flukes at the time of slaughter and were apparently infected before the start of the experiment. The rate of weight gain and the feed conversion efficiency of both groups of cattle were poorer than normal, possibly because of liver fluke infestation. The results of this test should, therefore, be taken as suggestive rather than definitive. No other major health or disease problem was observed during the in-field corn feeding period.

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Milk-fed calves: 2. The effect of length of milk feeding period and milk intake upon herbage intake and performance of grazing calves

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600026757 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 197-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Y. L. P. Le Du ◽

R. D. Baker ◽

J. M. Barker

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Feeding Period ◽

Live Weight Gain ◽

Herbage Intake ◽

Milk Substitute ◽

Weaning Age ◽

Behavioural Factors ◽

And Performance ◽

Reconstituted Milk

SUMMARYForty-eight Hereford × Friesian steer calves purchased at 7–10 days of age were reared on reconstituted milk substitute and groups of 12 were weaned at 86, 128, 170 or 212 days. Six calves at each weaning age were fed high (H) and low (L) quantities of milk normally associated with 240-day lactation yields of 2000 or 1000 kg. Calves were housed until day 63 of the experiment and then strip-grazed on swards of Loliun perenne with a daily allocation of herbage dry matter equivalent to 60 g/kg LW.Herbage intake per unit live weight prior to weaning was consistently greater for the calves receiving low quantities of milk. Following weaning there was a rapid rise in herbage intake towards a maximum of 30 g OM/kg LW when sward conditions were non-limiting. The amount of milk fed prior to weaning affected herbage intake after weaning, and H groups did not achieve similar intakes to their L contemporaries until some weeks after weaning. The H groups grew faster from birth to weaning than the L groups but they experienced a more severe check in live-weight gain after weaning which nullified the advantage of better weight gains between the start of the grazing period and weaning. In consequence, there was no significant effect of the quantity of milk consumed prior to weaning upon live-weight gain during the grazing season. The results indicate a marked benefit from distributing a given quantity of milk over a longer feeding period as similar growth rates occurred for the H86 v. L128, H128 v. L170 and H170 v. L212 groups. Calves receiving milk consumed less herbage and spent a smaller proportion of the day grazing than weaned contemporaries, which suggests that metabolic rather than physical or behavioural factors are likely to limit their intake.

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Evaluasi Berat Badan Tidak Naik pada Bayi di Bawah Dua Tahun Warga Miskin Setelah Pemberian MP-ASI

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v7i5.45 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 227

Author(s):

Ratri Ciptaningtyas ◽

Arif Sumantri ◽

M. Arbi Ramadhan

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Control Design ◽

Case Control ◽

Nutrition Intervention ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Poor Families ◽

Feeding Program ◽

History Of

Program Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) berupa bubur untuk 6-11 bulan dan biskuit untuk 12-24 bulan dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan status gizi pada anak, terutama pada keluarga miskin. Tujuan penelitian ini mengevaluasi berbagai faktor yang memengaruhi beratbadan tidak naik pada baduta keluarga miskin setelah pemberian program MP-ASI kementerian kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 82 ibu baduta yang menerima MP-ASI dengan desain studi kasus kontrol menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Analisis dilakukan dengan regresi multivariat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan antara berat badan tidak naik dengan ASI eksklusif (OR = 3,48; IK 95% = 1,38-8,80), pemberian MP-ASI kementerian kesehatan (OR = 0,30; IK 95% = 0,10-0,94), riwayat penyakit infeksi (OR = 3,07; IK 95% = 1,17-8,03), dan pola konsumsi susu (OR = 0,23; IK 95% = 0,07-0,79). Faktor yang paling dominan berpengaruh adalah ASI eksklusif (B = 6,152). Sebaiknya, program MP-ASI disosialisasikan secara menyeluruh dan jelas.Kata kunci: baduta, berat badan tidak naik, intervensi gizi, MP-ASIAbstractThe Complementary Feeding Program is conducted through the distribution puree for 6-11 month old and biscuits for those who were 12 to 24 months old infant and aimed to improve the nutritional status of malnourished toddlers from poor families. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing failure weight gain among toddlers of low economy familiesafter the program. This study was conducted on 82 mothers who received Complementary Feeding Program biscuit using case-control design study. Analysis conducted through the multivariate regression. The result showed that the state of failure weight gain is significantly affected by exclusivebreastfeeding (OR = 3.48; CI 95% = 1.38-8.80), the duration of provision for the Complementary Feeding Program (OR = 0.30; CI 95% = 0.10-0.94), the history of infectious diseases (OR = 3.07; CI 95% = 1.17-8.03), and the pattern of milk consumption (OR = 0.23; CI 95% = 0.07-0.79). The most dominant factor affecting failure weight gain was exclusivebreastfeeding (B = 6.15). A through socialization of the Complementary Feeding Program is recommended.Keywords: toddlers, failure weight gain, nutrition intervention, complementary feeding

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A Holistic Supplementation Regimen for Tongue-Tied Babies With Slow Weight Gain and Failure to Thrive

Clinical Lactation ◽

10.1891/2158-0782.9.2.78 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 78-87

Author(s):

Asti Praborini ◽

Anjar Setiani ◽

Agusnawati Munandar ◽

Ratih Ayu Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Milk Supply ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Holistic Management ◽

Type 3

Breastfeeding is the best way to feed infants, but optimal milk transfer and weight gain depend on good latching. Tongue- and lip-tie can prevent successful latching and prevent adequate nutrition. Tongue- and lip-tied babies can either have slow weight gain (SWG) or failure to thrive (FTT). We examine the effect of a holistic supplementation regimen on tongue-tied babies with SWG and FTT. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 55 tongue- and lip-tied babies with SWG and FTT at KMC Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. All babies underwent frenotomy and received supplementation with formula (64%) or pasteurized donor breast milk, using either a modified lactation aid (78%) or the Medela Supplemental Nursing System (22%). All mothers received domperidone and acupuncture to improve milk supply. A majority of babies had type 3 tongue-tie (46%) and class 3 upper lip-tie. Twenty-five subjects (45%) had SWG, and 30 subjects (55%) had FTT. All mothers had low milk supply. At-the-breast supplementation improved the nutritional status of 44/55 subjects (80%,p< .001), whereas 11 subjects received early complementary feeding at 4 months of age. By the end of the study, all subjects were solely breastfed without at-the-breast supplementation. The holistic management of tongue- and lip-tied babies with SWG or FTT consisting of frenotomy, at-the-breast supplementation, domperidone, and acupuncture improved infant nutritional status and the mother’s milk supply. Babies could breastfeed without supplementation after treatment and gained weight.

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