scholarly journals In vitro efficacy of two commercial products of Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. for controlling the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Ruan dos Santos Nogueira ◽  
Mariana Guedes Camargo ◽  
Caio Junior Balduino Coutinho Rodrigues ◽  
Allan Felipe Marciano ◽  
Simone Quinelato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Fungal Exposure ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Abstract The effects of two different products - Metarril® SP Organic (dry conidia) and Metarril® SC Organic (emulsifiable concentrated conidia in vegetable oil) - on eggs, larvae and Rhipicephalus microplus engorged females were here explored. Three concentrations (108, 107, and 106 conidia mL-1) for both products were prepared in water + 0.1% Tween® 80 (v/v); afterward, bioassays were carried out for all R. microplus stages by immersion in suspensions (Metarril® SP) or formulations (Metarril® SC). Metarril® SP suspensions showed low efficacy and did not affect biological parameters of treated engorged females; for eggs and larvae, only slight decreases in hatchability and larvae population were observed. Despite a delay in germination, Metarril® SC presented better results; for females, reductions in Egg Mass Weight (EMW) and Egg Production Index (EPI) were reported. On eggs, 108 conidia mL-1 increased Incubation Period (IP), shortened Hatching Period (HP) and decreased hatchability by up to 61%; for larvae, 107 and 108 conidia mL-1 reached 99.6 and 100% larval mortality respectively, 10 days after fungal exposure. Thus, further studies involving the use of oil-based formulations for ticks such as Metarril® SC need to be performed, especially to control the most susceptible stages (eggs and larvae).

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts ofAgeratum conyzoidesandArtemisia absinthiumagainst Cattle Tick,Rhipicephalus microplus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Parveen ◽  
R. Godara ◽  
R. Katoch ◽  
A. Yadav ◽  
P. K. Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immersion Test ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

In vitro efficacy of ethanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts ofAgeratum conyzoidesandArtemisia absinthiumwas assessed onRhipicephalus microplususing adult immersion test (AIT). Five concentrations of the extract (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) with three replications for each concentration were used in the bioassay. In AIT, the maximum mortality was recorded as 40% and 66.7% at 20% concentration forA. conyzoidesandA. absinthium, respectively. Acaricidal activity was found to be higher in the extract ofA. absinthiumwith LC50and LC95values of 11.2% and 61.7%, respectively. Egg mass weight of the live ticks treated with different concentrations of the extracts was significantly(P<0.05)lower than that of control ticks; consequently, the reproductive index and oviposition values of the treated ticks were reduced significantly(P<0.05). TheA. conyzoidesinhibited 90% hatching of eggs at the 20% concentration, whereasA. absinthiumshowed 100% inhibition at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations. The results show thatA. absinthiumhas better acaricidal properties thanA. conyzoidesand could be useful in controllingR. microplus.

scholarly journals Isorhamnetin: A Nematocidal Flavonoid from Prosopis laevigata Leaves Against Haemonchus contortus Eggs and Larvae

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez ◽  
Alejandro Zamilpa ◽  
Manasés González-Cortazar ◽  
Agustín Olmedo-Juárez ◽  
Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Haemonchus contortus affect small ruminants all over the world. Anthelmintics cause resistance, contamination, and a risk of public health. Prosopis laevigata is a plant used as a home remedy against many diseases in Mexico. This study arose from a preliminary study where a P. laevigata hydroalcoholic extract (Pl-hae) showed anthelmintic activity (aa) against H. contortus. Searching for bioactive compounds (bac) with high aa, the Pl-hae was fractioned obtaining an aqueous (Aq-F) and an ethyl acetate fraction (EtAc-F), and a flavonoid with aa identified as isorhamnetin was obtained from EtAc-F. Both fractions were in vitro assessed by the egg hatch test (eht) and larval mortality (lm) assays. The bac obtained from EtAc-F were characterised by NMR analysis. The highest aa were recorded with EtAc-F, resulting in 100% eht and 80.45% lm at 0.75 and 30 mg/mL, respectively. Alterations in eggs and larvae attributed to isorhamnetin were recorded by environmental scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning and by high-resolution digital-coupled camera. This flavonoid caused 100% eht at 0.07 mg/mL after 48 h and 100% lm at 7.5 mg/mL after 72 h exposure. Isorhamnetin has promising potential as an anthelmintic against sheep haemonchosis.

scholarly journals Evidence for strategic egg production in a hermaphroditic cestode

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. WEDEKIND ◽  
D. STRAHM ◽  
L. SCHÄRER
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Simultaneous Hermaphrodite ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Hatching Rates

The cestode Schistocephalus solidus is a simultaneous hermaphrodite that grows in 2 intermediate hosts and reproduces rapidly within a few days in the gut of a bird. Reproduction takes place by self- or cross-fertilization. Here, it was tested whether egg production differs between S. solidus that reproduce alone and those that are allowed to reproduce in pairs. Egg production in an in vitro system was found to depend on the cestodes' social situation. When kept alone, larger cestodes produced larger eggs. This was not so when kept in pairs – the difference between these 2 reproductive modes being highly significant in this respect. Further experiments revealed that, within the first 3 days, these hermaphrodites produced a larger total egg mass when kept alone than when kept in pairs. This was also reflected by the energy contents of the cestodes after this time-span: selfers had used up more energy than paired worms. Furthermore, S. solidus appeared to adjust its investment per egg depending on whether the offspring will be the result of self- or cross-fertilization. Selfers produced larger numbers of eggs, but these eggs were smaller and contained even smaller embryos per given egg size than eggs of potentially outbreeding cestodes. Selfed eggs reached lower hatching rates. Although this is to be expected from inbreeding depression it may also be an effect of the reduced maternal investment per egg. The observed phenotypic plasticity in the reproduction of S. solidus is discussed within 4 evolutionary frameworks: local mate competition adjusted for hermaphrodites, the hermaphrodite's dilemma, bet-hedging, and sib-competition.

scholarly journals Efficiency of tick biotherapic on the control of infestation by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Dutch dairy cows.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Zilda Cristiani Gazim ◽  
Fabiana Borges Padilha Ferreira ◽  
Aristeu Vieira Da Silva ◽  
Kelly Cristina Bolognese ◽  
Ewerton Merlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus poses serious problems for farmers in Brazil, especially because the parasite easily develops resistance to pesticide agents. For this reason, together with other factors including environmental, human and animal contamination and costs, alternative approaches have been sought for. Aims: this study sough to evaluate the efficiency of a tick biotherapic on tick-infested cows. Methods: 34 dairy Dutch cows were divided in 2 groups: one group received 100g/day of mineral salt supplement impregnated with tick biotherapic 12cH for 6 months, and then in alternate days with tick biotherapic 30cH to complete 28 months of treatment; the other group (control) received only the mineral salt supplement. After 28 months of treatment, engorged Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females were collected in both groups, counted and weighed; in vitro tests were carried out to assess mass of ticks; egg mass; egg-hatching rate; and reproductive efficiency. Results: There was significant difference between both groups for all parameters evaluated; tick-mass (p = 0.0008); egg mass (p=0.0044); egg-hatching rate (p= 0.0017); and reproductive efficiency (p = 0.0044). Conclusion: treatment with tick biotherapic significantly decreased the mass of engorged females, deposition and hatching rate of eggs, resulting consequently in the decrease of the reproductive efficiency of ticks.

In vitro pathogenicity of different Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. isolates in oil formulations against Rhipicephalus microplus

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendell M. S. Perinotto ◽  
Isabele C. Angelo ◽  
Patricia S. Golo ◽  
Mariana G. Camargo ◽  
Simone Quinelato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Acaricides Used to Control the Cattle Tick,Rhipicephalus microplus, in Dairy Herds Raised in the Brazilian Southwestern Amazon

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana G. Brito ◽  
Fábio S. Barbieri ◽  
Rodrigo B. Rocha ◽  
Márcia C. S. Oliveira ◽  
Elisana Sales Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
The State ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactones

The adult immersion test (AIT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of acaricide molecules used for control ofRhipicephalus micropluson 106 populations collected in five municipalities in the state of Rondônia in the Brazilian South Occidental Amazon region. The analysis of the data showed that the acaricide formulations had different efficacies on the tick populations surveyed. The synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) acaricides were the least effective (48.35–76.84%), followed by SP + organophosphate (OP) associations (68.91–81.47%) and amidine (51.35–100%). For the macrocyclic lactones (MLs), the milbemycin (94.84–100%) was the most effective, followed by spinosad (93.21–100%) and the avermectins (81.34–100%). The phenylpyrazole (PZ) group had similar efficacy (99.90%) to the MLs. Therefore, SP acaricides, including associations with OP, and formulations based on amidine presented low in vitro efficacy to control theR. micropluspopulations surveyed.

scholarly journals IN VITRO TOXICITY OF CYPERMETHRIN AND DELTAMETHRIN ON THE CATTLE TICK Rhipicephalus microplus

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
I. CHARLIE-SILVA ◽  
L. M. SOUZA ◽  
M. A. A. BELO ◽  
A. C. MORAES ◽  
E. J. R. PRADO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Cattle Tick

scholarly journals Morfologi Telur dan Larva 2 Ascaridia Galli pada Ayam Kampung

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Wida Wahidah Mubarokah ◽  
Joko Daryatmo ◽  
Budi Purwo Widiarso ◽  
Priyo Sambodo
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Ascaridia galli (A. galli) is a parasitic nematode that is often found in chickens which causes weight depression and retarded growth, reduced egg production and decreased egg quality. This study aims to determine the morphology of A. galli eggs and larvae 2 (L2) in domestic chickens. Worm eggs are obtained from adult worms that infect domestic chickens naturally. Larvae were obtained from culturing worm eggs in vitro at room temperature for 25 days. A total of 100 worm eggs and 10 L2 were used in this study. Egg measurements included length and width, while larvae included the total length of the larvae carried out with the Axiovision LE software from photographs taken using a light microscope. Data is processed using Microsoft Excel and is presented in the form of mean ± standard deviation and percent. Results obtained: egg length in this study was shorter than the results of previous studies and the morphology of larvae was the same as previous researchers. Keywords: Ascaidia galli, morphology, eggs, larvae, domestic chickens

Acaricidal activity and biochemical analysis of Citrus limetta seed oil for controlling Ixodid Tick Rhipicephalus microplus infesting cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag Jain ◽  
Trilochan Satapathy ◽  
Ravindra Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Citrus Limetta

The present study was performed with an objective to determine acaricidal activity of Citrus limetta seed oil (CLO) against cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The mode of action of CLO was determined by evaluating biochemical enzymatic levels in treated ticks. CLO was obtained by extracting with n-hexane as solvent in soxhlet apparatus. The active compounds in CLO were analyzed through Gas chromatography. Acaricidal activity of CLO was evaluated using larval packet test (LPT) and adult immersion test (AIT). Results of chromatographic analysis showed that palmitic acid, stearic acid, α-Tocopherol and bergamol were present as major active constituents along with other compounds. The lethal concentration (LC50) of CLO was found to be 2.87% and 3.96% for larvae and adult of R. microplus ticks, respectively. In vitro acaricidal bioassay revealed 100% mortality of ticks in both LPT and AIT at 12.5% dose. CLO significantly (p < 0.001) reduced oviposition rate, hatching ability of eggs and reproduction efficiency of ticks. Biochemical analysis of ticks homogenate showed different enzymatic levels. The results revealed that CLO disturbed protective enzymes functions by reducing level of SOD, GST, MAO and AChE but increasing NOS level in ticks as compared with control group. Thus, CLO may be used as an effective acaricidal agent in controlling R. microplus ticks.  

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