scholarly journals The future of multimodal corpora

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Knight
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Multimodal Corpora ◽  
The Future ◽  
Multimodal Corpus ◽  
Critical Overview

This paper takes stock of the current state-of-the-art in multimodal corpus linguistics, and proposes some projections of future developments in this field. It provides a critical overview of key multimodal corpora that have been constructed over the past decade and presents a wish-list of future technological and methodological advancements that may help to increase the availability, utility and functionality of such corpora for linguistic research.

scholarly journals Pediatric Dental Sedation Practice: Evolution and Current State-of-the-Art

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Neeti Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
International Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pediatric Dentists

ABSTRACT The practice of the pediatric dental sedation has evolved continuously during the past few decades. Newer agents continuously seem to replace older agents and the pediatric dentists need to update themselves timely to efficiently administer sedation to their young and anxious patients. The practice and the research of pediatric dental sedation is very diverse throughout the world. In this paper, we attempt to review the diversity of pediatric dental sedation research through a systematic review. Further, we review the pharmacopoeia of pediatric dental sedation with brief description of commonly used agents. We also touch upon evolution of pediatric dental sedation guidelines in different countries and international variation in pediatric dental sedation practice. Lastly, we review the future perspective of research pertaining to field of pediatric dental sedation research. How to cite this article Mittal N, Gauba K, Goyal A, Kapur A. Pediatric Dental Sedation Practice: Evolution and Current State-of-the-Art. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):139-147.

The Current Art of Underwater Imaging – With a Glimpse of the Past and Vision of the Future

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Kocak ◽  
Frank M. Caimi
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Underwater Imaging ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Imaging Methodology

This State of Technology Report on Underwater Imaging provides a historical synopsis of underwater imaging, discusses current state of the art, and suggests future possibilities for continued advancement of the field. The history presented herein provides information assembled in a manner not found in previous reviews. Present work is grouped according to imaging methodology wherein foremost research and technical innovations of the field are highlighted, with a focus on the past five years. Trends in research and development are also discussed as they relate to emerging underwater imaging techniques and technologies.

scholarly journals Treatment of adult thoracolumbar spinal deformity: past, present, and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin S. Smith ◽  
Christopher I. Shaffrey ◽  
Christopher P. Ames ◽  
Lawrence G. Lenke
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future

Care of the patient with adult spinal deformity (ASD) has evolved from being primarily supportive to now having the ability to directly treat and correct the spinal pathology. The focus of this narrative literature review is to briefly summarize the history of ASD treatment, discuss the current state of the art of ASD care with focus on surgical treatment and current challenges, and conclude with a discussion of potential developments related to ASD surgery.In the past, care for ASD was primarily based on supportive measures, including braces and assistive devices, with few options for surgical treatments that were often deemed high risk and reserved for rare situations. Advances in anesthetic and critical care, surgical techniques, and instrumentation now enable almost routine surgery for many patients with ASD. Despite the advances, there are many remaining challenges currently impacting the care of ASD patients, including increasing numbers of elderly patients with greater comorbidities, high complication and reoperation rates, and high procedure cost without clearly demonstrated cost-effectiveness based on standard criteria. In addition, there remains considerable variability across multiple aspects of ASD surgery. For example, there is currently very limited ability to provide preoperative individualized counseling regarding optimal treatment approaches (e.g., operative vs nonoperative), complication risks with surgery, durability of surgery, and likelihood of achieving individualized patient goals and satisfaction. Despite the challenges associated with the current state-of-the-art ASD treatment, surgery continues to be a primary option, as multiple reports have demonstrated the potential for surgery to significantly improve pain and disability. The future of ASD care will likely include techniques and technologies to markedly reduce complication rates, including greater use of navigation and robotics, and a shift toward individualized medicine that enables improved counseling, preoperative planning, procedure safety, and patient satisfaction.Advances in the care of ASD patients have been remarkable over the past few decades. The current state of the art enables almost routine surgical treatment for many types of ASD that have the potential to significantly improve pain and disability. However, significant challenges remain, including high complication rates, lack of demonstrated cost-effectiveness, and limited ability to meaningfully counsel patients preoperatively on an individual basis. The future of ASD surgery will require continued improvement of predictability, safety, and sustainability.

The changing face of additive manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Numerous Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current state-of-the-art in additive manufacturing, more commonly known as 3D printing, from the business perspectives. The primary drivers behind the development of the associated technologies are considered along with features that limit growth. Design/methodology/approach The approach is a personal perspective, based on approximately 25-years study of the development of the associated technologies and applications. Findings The discussion has found that the technology is still growing healthily, but with an understanding that there are numerous application areas that should be considered separately. Some areas are significantly more mature than others and success in some areas does not guarantee success in others. Originality/value This viewpoint has been prepared for the current state-of-the-art and can be compared with earlier viewpoints to see how things may have changed in the past. This should be of value to those interested to explore how the technology has developed in recent times and how it may move into the future.

Jerzy Topolski’s Marxist Anthropocentrism

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-377
Author(s):  
Ewa Domańska ◽  
Paul Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Collective Agency ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Separate Discipline

Abstract In this article I demonstrate that the ideas outlined in Jerzy Topolski’s Methodology of History (Polish 1968, English translation 1976) could not only offer a reference point for and indeed enrich ongoing debates in the philosophy of history, but also help to set directions for future developments in the field. To support my argument, I focus on two themes addressed in Topolski’s work: 1) the understanding of the methodology of history as a separate discipline and its role both in defending the autonomy of history and in creating an integrated knowledge of the past, which I read here through the lens of the current merging of the humanities and natural sciences; and 2) the role of a Marxist anthropocentrism based on the notion of humans as the creators of history, which I consider here in the context of the ongoing critique of anthropocentrism. I point to the value of continuing to use concepts drawn from Marxist vocabulary, such as alienation, emancipation, exploitation and overdetermination, for interpreting the current state of the world and humanity. I stress that Marxist anthropocentrism, with its support for individual and collective agency, remains crucial to the creation of emancipatory theories and visions of the future, even if it has faced criticism for its Eurocentrism and might seem rather familiar and predictable when viewed in the context of the contemporary humanities. Nevertheless, new manifestations of Marxist theory, in the form of posthumanist Marxism and an interspecies historical materialism that transcends anthropocentrism, might play an important role in redefining the humanities and humanity, including its functions and tasks within human and multispecies communities.

scholarly journals Multifaceted origins of sex differences in the brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1688) ◽  
pp. 20150106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Biological Variable ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Brain

Studies of sex differences in the brain range from reductionistic cell and molecular analyses in animal models to functional imaging in awake human subjects, with many other levels in between. Interpretations and conclusions about the importance of particular differences often vary with differing levels of analyses and can lead to discord and dissent. In the past two decades, the range of neurobiological, psychological and psychiatric endpoints found to differ between males and females has expanded beyond reproduction into every aspect of the healthy and diseased brain, and thereby demands our attention. A greater understanding of all aspects of neural functioning will only be achieved by incorporating sex as a biological variable. The goal of this review is to highlight the current state of the art of the discipline of sex differences research with an emphasis on the brain and to contextualize the articles appearing in the accompanying special issue.

scholarly journals Fluorescent Chemosensors for Ion and Molecule Recognition: The Next Chapter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Cheng Yan ◽  
Axel Steinbrueck ◽  
Adam C. Sedgwick ◽  
Tony D. James
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fluorescent Chemosensors ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Molecule Recognition

Over the past 30 years fluorescent chemosensors have evolved to incorporate many optical-based modalities and strategies. In this perspective we seek to highlight the current state of the art as well as provide our viewpoint on the most significant future challenges remaining in the area. To underscore current trends in the field and to facilitate understanding of the area, we provide the reader with appropriate contemporary examples. We then conclude with our thoughts on the most probable directions that chemosensor development will take in the not-too-distant future.

Exoskeletons

2019 ◽  
pp. 234-259
Author(s):  
Priyanshu Agarwal ◽  
Ashish D. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Exoskeleton Design

The past few decades have witnessed a rapid explosion in research surrounding robotic exoskeletons due to their promising applications in medicine and human performance augmentation. Several advances in technology have led to the development of more energy efficient and viable prototypes of these devices. However, despite this rapid advancement in exoskeleton technology, most of the developed devices are limited to laboratory testing and a very few of them are commercially available for human use. This chapter discusses the advances in various constituting technologies including actuation, sensing, materials, and controls that made exoskeleton research feasible. Also presented are case studies on two state-of-the-art robotic exoskeletons, Harmony and Maestro, developed for rehabilitation of the upper body. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the ongoing challenges in exoskeleton design and ethical, social, and legal considerations related to the use of these devices and the future of exoskeletons.

scholarly journals Insight and psychosis: the next 30 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. David
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Neurosciences ◽  
Clinical Associations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Academic interest in the concept of insight in psychosis has increased markedly over the past 30 years, prompting this selective appraisal of the current state of the art. Considerable progress has been made in terms of measurement and confirming a number of clinical associations. More recently, the relationship between insight and involuntary treatment has been scrutinised more closely alongside the link between decision-making capacity and insight. Advances in the clinical and cognitive neurosciences have influenced conceptual development, particularly the field of ‘metacognition’. New therapies, including those that are psychologically and neurophysiologically based, are being tested as ways to enhance insight.

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