scholarly journals Effects of eutrophication and Typha domingensis Pers on methanogenesis in tropical constructed wetland

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Maria da Cunha de Oliveira Santos Neves ◽  
Glauca Torres Aragon ◽  
Emmanoel Vieira da Silva Filho
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Typha Domingensis ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

AIM: Constructed wetlands (CWs) have shown to be an efficient way for removing nutrients from wastewaters. However, a negative effect is the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Methane (CH4) is a GHG released from the organic matter degradation under anaerobic conditions by methanogenic bacteria. In CWs, the excessive nutrient inputs may stimulate both primary production and methanogenesis and then affect the overall cost-benefit balance of this system. Here, we assessed the role of cattail stands (Typha domingensis Pers) on CH4 concentrations in eutrophic and mesotrophic constructed wetlands. METHODS: CWs were filled with water and sediment colonized by the aquatic macrophyte Typha domingensis Pers from two tropical freshwater lakes, one mesotrophic and another eutrophic. RESULTS: Our results showed consistently higher CH4 concentrations in waters and sediment in the eutrophic CWs than in the mesotrophic CWs (two times), indicating a positive influence of eutrophication on methanogenesis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, CH4 emissions from tropical CWs demand to be considered or even mitigated in any use of this system.

scholarly journals The Role of Macroeconomic Factors as Moderating the Global Sharia Stock Index to the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Djazul ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Market Index ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Interaction Test

This study examined the influence of the global sharia stock index on the Indonesian sharia stock index considering macroeconomic factors and their moderating role. The Global sharia Stock Index in this study used the Dow Jones sharia Market Index and the FTSE Global sharia Index Series. The role of moderation is proxied by inflation rate and exchange rate. The research data analysis method used multiple regression analysis and interaction test or moderating regression analysis. The results of the study showed that there was an influence of the Global Sharia Stock Index on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index. In the moderation equation 1 (inflation) and moderation 2 (exchange rate) that interact with the Dow Jones sharia Market Index has a positive influence on each moderation equation. This showed that a moderating interaction with the Dow Jones sharia Market Index will strengthen its influence on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index. The FTSE Global sharia Index Series that interacted with inflation in moderating equation 1 and the exchange rate in moderating equation 2 showed a negative effect. This showed that the interaction of the FTSE Global sharia Index Series with the two macroeconomic variables in each equation weakens its influence on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENDAPATAN NASIONAL DAN INVESTASI DI INDONESIA (Suatu Kajian Ekonomi Makro Dengan Model VAR)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kholis ◽  
Diah Astuti ◽  
Rini Febrianti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Vector Auto Regression ◽  
The Government ◽  
Investment Growth ◽  
Auto Regression

Some previous studies suggested pros and cons regarding the correlation between investment and economic growth. The study is to determined if investment in Indonesia has a positive influence on the economic growth in Indonesia. This study uses a Vector Auto Regression/ VAR. Variables used in this study include economic growth, investment growth, export growth and import growth. The calculations show that investment growth and export growth has a positive effect on economic growth, whereas import growth has a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia. These results indicate that the driver of economic growth is investment and exports. Thus, the government must create a climate to increase the role of investment in economic growth.   Beberapa kajian terdahulu menyatakan adanya pro dan kontra mengenai korelasi antara investasi dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hipotesis yang ingin dibuktikan dalam kajian ini adalah investasi di Indonesia memiliki pengaruh yang positif dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Vector Auto Regression (VAR). Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain pertumbuhan ekonomi, pertumbuhan investasi, pertumbuhan ekspor dan pertumbuhan impor. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan investasi dan pertumbuhan ekspor memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, sebaliknya pertumbuhan impor memiliki pengaruh negative terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah investasi dan ekspor. Dengan demikian pemerintah harus menciptakan iklim untuk meningkatkan peran investasi dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi.

Time is of the essence: The causal effect of duration on support for war

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-796
Author(s):  
Ali Sanaei
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
War Of Attrition ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Over Time

It is often observed that public support for asymmetric wars diminishes over time, but the micro foundations of this observation are not fully understood. I present a modified war of attrition model for asymmetric wars which shows that as time passes, belligerents’ expectations for the remaining duration of war increase and they find fighting less favorable. Even when we keep the average rate of casualty accrual constant, the anticipated length of fighting into the future affects expected remaining costs of war. Therefore, in a cost-benefit calculation, observed duration causally affects expected remaining costs of war and, hence, leads to lower levels of support for war over time. The longer the war lasts, the more it will look like a never-ending war which may encourage the strong side to cut its losses short and stop the war. Because duration and aggregate costs are highly correlated in observational data, I use a randomized survey experiment to separate the effect of duration from the effect of costs on support for war. The result is that duration has a negative effect on public support which is independent of aggregate costs. This helps us better understand the limits of democratic states’ capabilities in fighting asymmetric wars and suggests that when military planners ignore the role of time, they deploy weaker-than-optimal forces.

THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AND TEAM STRAIN ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NPD TEAMS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED DIVERSITY CLIMATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750032
Author(s):  
BADRI MUNIR SUKOCO ◽  
LES TIEN-SHANG LEE
Keyword(s):  
New Product Development ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Diversity Climate ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

The unlearning process in new product development (NPD) teams is a crucial one that leads to innovative products, but most related studies emphasise the variables embedded at the team level. This study focuses on how the characteristics of individuals, known as psychological capital (PsyCap), also contribute to the unlearning process. Moreover, this study argues that the effect of unlearning is moderated by the perceived diversity climate. To test the proposed hypotheses, 77 NPD team leaders and 298 members participated in the study. The results indicate that PsyCap has a positive influence on team unlearning and product innovation. This study also indicates that team strain negatively influences the unlearning process and product innovation. The positive effect of PsyCap on the unlearning process is strengthened when NPD teams perceive greater diversity climate, while the negative effect of team strain on the unlearning process and product innovation is weakened.

Perceived inclusion and team creativity climate: examining the role of learning climate and task interdependency

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinit Ghosh ◽  
Nachiketa Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Learning Climate ◽  
Team Creativity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Creativity Climate ◽  
And Task

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between perceived inclusion (individual and group-level) and team creativity climate (TCC) and explore the role of team learning climate (TLC) and task interdependency in the above relationship. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using questionnaires from 24 Indian organizations. The respondents were junior and middle-level employees (N = 303) working in small teams (n = 73). The cut-off criteria for sample team selection were at least three team members within a team had responded and at least 60% within-group response rate was achieved. Findings Perceived inclusion (PI) of employees had a positive influence on TCC via TLC. However, the negative effect of team-level differences in perceived inclusion (TPID) was also mediated by the learning climate. Task interdependency moderated the PI-TLC relationship in such a way that in a high task interdependency situation, the negative effect of TPID on learning climate is reduced, while in a low task interdependency situation, the negative effect is enhanced. Originality/value The current research has contributed to the limited literature on PI and team creativity. This paper has uniquely investigated TLC as an intervening variable in the PI-TCC relationship. The paper has encapsulated the theoretical and practical underpinnings of inclusion beliefs in the modern organizational context.

scholarly journals Demand for charcoal among petty traders in Oyo state, Nigeria: a paradox of survival and environmental degradation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Fatai Abiola Sowunmi ◽  
Adewumi Oyewunmi Oyebanjo ◽  
Osarobo Cecil Omigie ◽  
Zakariyah Olayiwola Amoo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Wood Age ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Over Exploitation

Striking a balance between human survival heightened by mass unemployment and the environment is crucial to the sustainability of the natural resources. The role of petty trader is important in ensuring that the excess supply during harvest is processed into the forms (roasted maize, yam, plantain, meat and chicken) appreciated by consumers instead of being a loss to farmer. While average daily income of 2670.79 Nigerian naira (₦) was assured, substantial quantity of charcoal (46786.3 kg) was utilized per week by petty traders. This is equivalent of 20.6 hectares of wood. The per capita charcoal utilization per week for suya, roasted yam and plantain sellers were 178.7 kg, 85.2 kg and 145.8 kg, respectively. These were obtained from clearing 0.8 ha (suya), 0.4 ha (roasted yam) and 0.6 ha (plantain) of wood. Age of respondents, experience in petty trading and hours of trading per day have a positive influence on the quantity of charcoal utilized per day, while frequency of purchase (charcoal) and rainy season have a negative relationship with quantity of charcoal used per day. Considering the appreciable quantity of charcoal utilization among petty traders and its negative effect on the environment, government should go beyond collecting taxes from charcoal producers. Also, the need for control over exploitation of trees and mobilization of staff of the Ministry of Forestry for prompt tree planting are required.

scholarly journals ANALISIS INSTRUMEN KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI 35 KABUPATEN / KOTA PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2013 - 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fitri Bahari ◽  
Nugroho SBM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth ◽  
Central Java Province

This study examines the role of fiscal policy in the economic growth in 35 Cities/Regency in Central Java Province in 2013 – 2017. This study using panel data with fixed effect model analysis to explain determinants of economic growth. The result of this study show that determinants of economic growth indicate that tax and personnel expenditure have a negative effect to economic growth. While indirect expenditure has a positive influence on economic growth. The results also suggest that goods and services expenditure have an unsignificant influence on economic growth 35 Cities in Province Central Java.

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

Analisis Pengembalian Kredit Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada PT Bank Sumut Cabang Gunungsitoli

Owner ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Victorinus Laoli
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Business Continuity ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Collection Technique

One manifestation of the important role of banking in a region, as implemented by PT Bank Sumut, Gunungsitoli Branch, is to distribute loans for investment, consumption and working capital for the people in the area. The purpose of providing credit for banks is the return of credit that earns interest and can increase income to finance activities and business continuity. From the results of research conducted with this data collection technique, it shows that PT Bank Sumut has a number of loans from 2009 to 2014 which each year rises. From this study, it is also known that the rate of credit repayment has a positive influence on the level of profitability.

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