Pyrithiobac and Insecticide Coapplication Effects on Cotton Tolerance and Broadleaf Weed and Thrips (Frankliniellaspp.) Control

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Costello ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
B. Rogers Leonard ◽  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
Gabie E. Church
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Prickly Sida

Field studies investigated possible interactions associated with early-season coapplication of the herbicide pyrithiobac and various insecticides. Pyrithiobac at 70 g ai/ha, in combination with the insecticides acephate or dicrotophos at 370 g ai/ha, fipronil at 56 g ai/ha, imidacloprid at 52 g ai/ha, lambda-cyhalothrin at 37 g ai/ha, or oxamyl, carbofuran, or dimethoate at 280 g ai/ha did not reduce cotton leaf area, height, main stem node number, main stem nodes to first square, days to first square or flower, main stem nodes above white flower, or seed cotton yield compared with pyrithiobac alone. Pyrithiobac alone reduced dry weight of pitted morningglory, hemp sesbania, prickly sida, velvetleaf, and entireleaf–ivyleaf morningglory 28 d after treatment (DAT) 86, 98, 51, 94, and 91%, respectively, and weed control was not affected by the coapplication of insecticides. Control of thrips (adult plus larvae) 5 DAT with insecticides was unaffected by pyrithiobac addition at the P = 0.05 level of significance. At the P = 0.1 level, however, addition of pyrithiobac to dimethoate resulted in a reduction in insecticide efficacy in one of three experiments. Efficacy of other insecticides was unaffected.

Glyphosate–Insecticide Combination Effects on Weed and Insect Control in Cotton

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Pankey ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
B. Rogers Leonard ◽  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
Robert G. Downer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida

Field studies were conducted to evaluate weed control with combinations of glyphosate at 750 g ae/ha and the insecticides acephate (370 g ai/ha), dicrotophos (370 g ai/ha), dimethoate (220 g ai/ha), fipronil (56 g ai/ha), imidacloprid (53 g ai/ha), lambda-cyhalothrin (37 g ai/ha), oxamyl (280 g ai/ha), or endosulfan (420 g ai/ha) and insect control with coapplication of the herbicide with insecticides acephate, dicrotophos, dimethoate, and imidacloprid. Applying lambda-cyhalothrin or fipronil with glyphosate reduced control of hemp sesbania by 19 and 9 percentage points, respectively, compared with glyphosate alone. Acephate, dicrotophos, dimethoate, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, oxamyl, and endosulfan did not affect hemp sesbania, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, and redweed control by glyphosate. Lambda-cyhalothrin and fipronil did not affect glyphosate control of weeds other than hemp sesbania. Addition of glyphosate to dicrotophos improved cotton aphid control 4 d after treatment compared with dicrotophos alone. Thrips control was improved with addition of glyphosate to imidacloprid. Insect control was not reduced by glyphosate regardless of insecticide.

Evaluation of Mesotrione in Mississippi Delta Corn Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Stephenson ◽  
Jason A. Bond ◽  
Eric R. Walker ◽  
Mohammad T. Bararpour ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Prickly Sida

Field studies were conducted in Arkansas in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to evaluate mesotrione applied preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) for weed control in corn grown in the Mississippi Delta region of the United States. Mesotrione was applied PRE (140, 210, and 280 g/ha) alone and POST (70, 105, and 140 g/ha), alone or in tank mixtures with atrazine (280 g/ha). Standard treatments for comparison were S-metolachlor/atrazine PRE and S-metolachlor plus atrazine PRE followed by atrazine POST. All PRE treatments controlled velvetleaf, pitted morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, prickly sida, and broadleaf signalgrass 95% 2 wk after emergence (WAE). Mesotrione controlled velvetleaf 89% or more 4 and 6 WAE. Control of morningglory species by mesotrione POST averaged 92% 6 WAE. Prickly sida was controlled at least 90% by all treatments 4 WAE. Mesotrione applied alone PRE and POST controlled broadleaf signalgrass 83 to 91% 4 WAE. All treatments controlled broadleaf signalgrass less than 90% 6 WAE, except treatments that contained S-metolachlor, which gave 94% or greater control. Corn yield ranged from 10.5 to 12.4 Mg/ha and did not differ among treatments. Mesotrione PRE and POST provided excellent control of broadleaf weeds, but S-metolachlor was needed for broadleaf signalgrass control.

Comparison of Trifloxysulfuron and Pyrithiobac in Glyphosate-Resistant and Bromoxynil-Resistant Cotton

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Branson ◽  
Kenneth L. Smith ◽  
James L. Barrentine
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Residual Control

Field studies were conducted in 2000 and 2001 at Rohwer, AR. Trifloxysulfuron (5.3 and 8 g ai/ha) and pyrithiobac (70 g ai/ha) were applied preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) broadcast at the two- to three-leaf (EP) and three- to four-leaf (MP) cotton growth stages. Both materials were also applied POST in combination with glyphosate at 560 g ae/ha or bromoxynil at 560 g ai/ha at both growth stages. Trifloxysulfuron applied EP or MP at 8 g/ha provided greater control of sicklepod and pitted morningglory 28 d after application (DAA) than trifloxysulfuron at 5.3 g/ha or pyrithiobac at 70 g/ha; however, control of prickly sida was greater with pyrithiobac than with trifloxysulfuron at either rate. Glyphosate alone controlled sicklepod, prickly sida, and pitted morningglory greater than 80%. The addition of trifloxysulfuron at 8 g/ha and pyrithiobac at 70 g/ ha increased control of all species over glyphosate alone 28 DAA. Bromoxynil at 560 g/ha controlled pitted morningglory and hemp sesbania at all application timings; however, sicklepod and Palmer amaranth control was less than 50% with bromoxynil applied alone. When bromoxynil was applied in combination with trifloxysulfuron at either rate, control of sicklepod and Palmer amaranth increased to 80% or greater at all application timings. Trifloxysulfuron has the potential to complement both the glyphosate-resistant and bromoxynil-resistant weed control programs by providing control of less susceptible weeds and by providing residual control to both programs.

Application Rate and Timing of Acifluorfen, Bentazon, Chlorimuron, and Imazaquin

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. King ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Data from field studies at Fayetteville, AR, were used to predict the herbicide rate needed to provide 70, 80, or 90% control of a weed based upon weed age. Reduced herbicide rates generally needed to be applied within 6 to 12 d after emergence to control weeds 90%. Reduced rates (280 g ai ha–1or less) of acifluorfen controlled hemp sesbania, smooth pigweed, Palmer amaranth, and pitted and entireleaf morningglory 90%. Bentazon at 350 to 650 g ai ha–1controlled common cocklebur and prickly sida 90%. Common cocklebur, smooth pigweed, and pitted morningglory were controlled 90% with chlorimuron at 2 to 5 g ai ha–1and imazaquin at 20 to 80 g ai ha–1. Prickly sida and hemp sesbania were controlled 90% with imazaquin at 70 g ha–1and chlorimuron at 6 g ha–1, respectively. Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, red rice, and sicklepod were not controlled with reduced herbicide rates.

Control of Selected Broadleaf Weeds with Glufosinate as Influenced by Insecticide Coapplication

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
Robert G. Downer ◽  
E. Burris ◽  
B. Rogers Leonard ◽  
Bill J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrate Pest Management ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
And Control

Coapplication of herbicides and insecticides affords growers an opportunity to control multiple pests with one application, given that efficacy is not compromised. Glufosinate was applied at 470 g ai/ha both alone and in combination with the insecticides acephate, acetamiprid, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, dicrotophos, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, methoxyfenozide, spinosad, or thiamethoxam to determine coapplication effects on control of some of the more common and/or troublesome broadleaf weeds infesting cotton. Hemp sesbania, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, redroot pigweed, and sicklepod were treated at the three- to four- or the seven- to eight-leaf growth stage. When applied at the earlier application timing, glufosinate applied alone provided complete control at 14 d after treatment, and control was unaffected by coapplication with insecticides. When glufosinate application was delayed to the later application timing, visual weed control was unaffected by insecticide coapplication. Fresh-weight reduction from the herbicide applied to larger weeds was negatively impacted by addition of the insecticides dicrotophos and imidacloprid with respect to redroot pigweed and prickly sida, but only in one of two experiments. In most cases, delaying application of glufosinate to larger weeds resulted in reduced control compared to that from a three- to four-leaf application, with the extent of reduction varying by species. Results indicate that when applied according to the herbicide label (three- to four-leaf stage), glufosinate/ insecticide coapplications offer producers the ability to integrate pest management strategies and to limit application costs without sacrificing control of the broadleaf weeds evaluated.

Flowering Patterns, Seed Production, and Somatic Polymorphism of Three Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Temperature Responses

Field studies determined flowering pattern, seed production, and somatic polymorphism of pitted morningglory, common cocklebur, and sicklepod under interspecific and no interference with soybean. Flowering patterns differed between years but were similar under both interferences. Interspecific interference reduced flower and seed numbers 85 to 99%. Rainfall had little effect on flowering, but photoperiod and temperature responses were evident for all weed species. The production equations for seed number per plant from dry weight were quadratic for pitted morningglory and common cocklebur but linear for sicklepod. All species showed somatic polymorphism; however, differences in seed germination and viability were not consistent between years.

Influence of planting date on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) interference in early-maturing soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Scott Rushing ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Actual Yield

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of common cocklebur interference in early-maturing (maturity group IV) soybean planted in April, May, and July. Common cocklebur density and length of interference did not affect soybean height, canopy width, or node number at any planting date. Removal of common cocklebur 4 weeks after emergence (WAE) prevented reduction of soybean leaf area, stem dry weight, dry leaf weight, dry pod weight, and seed yield. Aboveground biomass for common cocklebur emerging in July was less than biomass of April or May plantings. Common cocklebur planted into soybean 2, 4, or 8 wk after soybean emergence did not reduce soybean yield. Under parameters of this study, planting date was not a significant factor in yield reduction. Interference from one common cocklebur plant per 1.8, 0.9, and 0.3 m of soybean row for 8 wk reduced yields 7, 14, and 30%, and full-season interference reduced yields 16, 33, and 65%, respectively. The Arkansas Weed Management Computer program closely predicted actual yield loss for early-maturing soybean.

Response of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and Selected Weeds to Diclosulam

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Bailey ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Charles W. Swann ◽  
Vernon B. Langston
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Better Than

Field studies were conducted at five locations in North Carolina and Virginia during 1996 and 1997 to evaluate weed control, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) response, and peanut yield following diclosulam applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and in systems with commercial herbicide standards. All plots received a PPI treatment of ethalfluralin at 840 g ai/ha. Ethalfluralin plus diclosulam controlled entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederaceavar.integriuscula), ivyleaf morningglory (I. hederacea), pitted morningglory (I. lacunosa), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), eclipta (Eclipta prostrata), and prickly sida (Sida spinosa) as well as and frequently better than ethalfluralin PPI followed by (fb) acifluorfen plus bentazon postemergence (POST), paraquat plus bentazon early postemergence (EPOST) fb imazapic POST, or imazapic POST. Systems with ethalfluralin plus diclosulam PPI at 26 g ai/ha fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST controlled a broader spectrum of weeds and yielded greater than systems of ethalfluralin PPI fb imazapic POST or ethalfluralin PPI fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST. Peanut exhibited excellent tolerance to diclosulam PPI at 17, 26, or 35 g/ha.

Evolutionary QTL-allele changes in main stem node number among geographic and seasonal subpopulations of Chinese cultivated soybeans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Muhammad Fahim ◽  
Fangdong Liu ◽  
Jianbo He ◽  
Wubing Wang ◽  
Guangnan Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Main Stem ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Stem Node

Mapping QTLs for yield components and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in wheat under three levels of water availability

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Czyczyło-Mysza ◽  
Izabela Marcińska ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
Małgorzata Chrupek ◽  
Stanisław Grzesiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Single Marker Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters

Drought is one of the major factors limiting wheat yield in many developing countries worldwide. Parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics under drought stress conditions have been used to characterize dehydration tolerance in wheat. In the present study, a set of 94 doubled haploid lines obtained from Chinese Spring × SQ1 (CSDH), mapped with 450 markers, was evaluated for yield (grain dry weight/main stem ear), number of grains/main stem ear (NG) and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (FC) under moderate and severe drought stress, and compared with results for well-watered plants. quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified using Windows QTLCartographer version 2.5 software and the results were analysed using single-marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping (CIM). Analysis using SMA and CIM showed mostly similar QTLs for all traits, though more QTLs were identified by SMA than by CIM. The genetic control of yield, NG and FC varied considerably between drought-stressed and non-stressed plants. Although no major QTL co-locations were found for yield and FC using CIM, the co-location of QTLs for NG, yield and Fv/Fm in drought-stressed plants was observed on chromosome 5A using SMA.

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