Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Control in Dicamba-Tolerant Soybean

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Vink ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
François J. Tardif ◽  
Mark B. Lawton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Significant Yield

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed has been confirmed in Ontario, Canada. Giant ragweed is an extremely competitive weed and lack of control in soybean will lead to significant yield losses. Seed companies have developed new herbicide-resistant (HR) crop cultivars and hybrids that stack multiple HR traits. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate and glyphosate plus dicamba tank mixes for the control of GR giant ragweed under Ontario environmental conditions in dicamba-tolerant (DT) soybean. Three field trials were established over a 2-yr period (2010 and 2011) on farms near Windsor and Belle River, ON. Treatments included glyphosate (900 g ae ha−1), dicamba (300 g ae ha−1), and dicamba (600 g ha−1) applied preplant (PP), POST, or sequentially in various combinations. Glyphosate applied PP, POST, or sequentially provided 22 to 68%, 40 to 47%, and 59 to 95% control of GR giant ragweed and reduced shoot dry weight 26 to 80%, 16 to 50%, and 72 to 98%, respectively. Glyphosate plus dicamba applied PP followed by glyphosate plus dicamba applied POST consistently provided 100% control of GR giant ragweed. DT soybean yield correlated with GR giant ragweed control. This is the first report in Canada of weed control in DT soybean, specifically for the control of GR giant ragweed. Results indicate that the use of dicamba in DT soybean will provide an effective option for the control of GR giant ragweed in Ontario.

Glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) control with preplant herbicides in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Vink ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
François J. Tardif ◽  
Mark B. Lawton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Residual Control

Vink, J. P., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Tardif, F. J., Lawton, M. B. and Sikkema, P. H. 2012. Glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed ( Ambrosia trifida L.) control with preplant herbicides in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 913–922. Giant ragweed populations in southwestern Ontario have evolved resistance to glyphosate. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed interference in field crops can lead to significant yield losses. Eleven field trials [five with preplant (PP) burndown only and six with PP burndown plus residual herbicides] were conducted in 2010 and 2011 on Ontario farms with GR giant ragweed to evaluate the efficacy of various PP herbicides applied prior to soybean planting. Glyphosate applied at the recommended field dose failed to adequately control GR giant ragweed. The PP herbicides 2,4-D ester, cloransulam-methyl and saflufenacil applied alone and with glyphosate provided 97–99, 68–100 and 71–94% control, respectively and resulted in soybean yields equivalent to the weed-free check. Combinations of glyphosate plus cloransulam-methyl or linuron controlled GR giant ragweed 8 wk after application (WAA), 75–95 and 95–98%, respectively. Residual control with glyphosate plus linuron resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weed-free check. Based on these results, GR giant ragweed can be controlled prior to soybean planting in southwestern Ontario.

Fungicide efficacy on tar spot and yield of corn in the Midwestern United States

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy E. P. Telenko ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
Adam Byrne ◽  
Jill Check ◽  
Camila Rocco Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Tar Spot ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Foliar Fungicide

Tar spot of corn caused by Phyllachora maydis has recently led to significant yield losses in the eastern corn belt of the Midwestern United States. Foliar fungicides containing quinone outside inhibitors(QoI), demethylation inhibitors(DMI), and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHI) are commonly used to manage foliar diseases in corn. To mitigate the losses from tar spot thirteen foliar fungicides containing single or multiple modes of action (MOA/FRAC groups) were applied at their recommended rates in a single application at the standard tassel/silk growth stage timing to evaluate their efficacy against tar spot in a total of eight field trials in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin during 2019 and 2020. The single MOA fungicides included either a QoI or DMI. The dual MOA fungicides included a DMI with either a QoI or SDHI, and fungicides containing three MOAs included a QoI, DMI, and SDHI. Tar spot severity estimated as the percentage of leaf area covered by P. maydis stroma of the non-treated control at dent growth stage ranged from 1.6 to 23.3% on the ear leaf. Averaged across eight field trials all foliar fungicide treatments reduced tar spot severity, but only prothioconazole+trifloxystrobin, mefentrifluconazole+pyraclostrobin+fluxapyroxad, and mefentrifluconazole+pyraclostrobin significantly increased yield over the non-treated control. When comparing fungicide treatments by the number of MOAs foliar fungicide products that had two or three MOAs decreased tar spot severity over not treating and products with one MOA. The fungicide group that contained all three MOAs significantly increased yield over not treating with a fungicide or using a single MOA.

Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Control with Glufosinate or Fomsafen Combined with Growth Regulator Herbicides

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Barnett ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Fallow Field ◽  
Contrast Analysis

The development of crops resistant to 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate may provide new options for the management of glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed and other herbicide-resistant weeds. A fallow field study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 to determine the control of GR giant ragweed with 2,4-D and dicamba applied alone and in combination with glufosinate or fomesafen. Dicamba and 2,4-D tank-mixed with glufosinate or fomesafen provided the highest level of control at 10 or 20 days after application (DAA). At 30 DAA, all herbicide treatments provided > 88% control of giant ragweed except glyphosate, glufosinate, and 2,4-D alone at 0.56 kg ae ha−1. Glyphosate, glufosinate, and 2,4-D alone at 0.56 kg ae ha−1also had the highest number of giant ragweed plants (> 5.8 plants m−2) and highest biomass (> 19.2 g m−2). Contrast statements between 2,4-D and dicamba indicated no differences among treatments containing these herbicides. However, contrast analysis indicated that herbicides applied alone resulted in 56, 58, and 61% control while tank-mix combinations of 2,4-D or dicamba with glufosinate or fomesafen resulted in 86, 91, and 93% control, respectively. Herbicides applied alone also had more giant ragweed plants and biomass per m−2than herbicides applied in tank-mix combinations. Tank-mixing combinations of 2,4-D and dicamba will be important for effective control of GR giant ragweed.

Dry Bean Response to Preemergence-Applied KIH-485

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Nader Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Pinto Beans

Three field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2004 and 2005) at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of eight market classes of dry beans to KIH-485 applied PRE at 210 and 420 g ai/ha. KIH-485 PRE caused as much as 67% visual injury in small-seeded and 44% visual injury in large-seeded dry beans. KIH-485 applied PRE at 420 g/ha reduced plant height up to 47% at Ridgetown and 8% at Exeter in 2004, and reduced height of brown and white bean by 15 and 19%, respectively, but had no effect on the height of the other beans in 2005. Shoot dry weight was not affected at Exeter in 2004 but was reduced by 46% at Ridgetown in 2004 and 14% at Exeter in 2005. In 2004, seed moisture content increased by 5, 6, and 12% in black, otebo, and pinto beans, respectively. Seed yield was reduced up to 27% at Ridgetown and 11% at Exeter in 2004 but was not affected at Exeter in 2005. On the basis of this research, KIH-485 PRE causes unacceptable injury in some dry bean market classes.

Control of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) in corn

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Soltani ◽  
C. Shropshire ◽  
P.H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control

Nine field trials (five with PRE and four with POST herbicides) were conducted in 2006 to 2009 on various Ontario farms with heavy common cocklebur infestations to determine the effectiveness of PRE and POST herbicides for the control of common cocklebur in corn. There was no commercially significant corn injury from the PRE herbicides evaluated. Saflufenacil, saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, isoxaflutole + atrazine, mesotrione + atrazine and dicamba/atrazine, applied PRE provided 85, 85, 76, 73 and 67% control of common cocklebur in corn 8 wk after emergence (WAE), respectively. Common cocklebur shoot dry weight was reduced 84, 80, 79, 75 and 68% with saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, isoxaflutole + atrazine, mesotrione + atrazine, saflufenacil and dicamba/atrazine, respectively. There was no effect on corn yield compared with the weedy control with the PRE herbicides evaluated. The application of 2,4-D/atrazine POST resulted in unacceptable injury (28%) in corn. Dicamba/atrazine, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, dicamba and mesotrione + atrazine provided up to 98, 95, 90 and 90% control of common cocklebur 8 wk after application (WAA), respectively. All POST herbicide treatments increased corn yield compared with the non-treated control. Saflufenacil and saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p applied PRE and dicamba, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, dicamba/atrazine or mesotrione + atrazine applied POST have potential to provide good to excellent control of common cocklebur in corn under Ontario environmental conditions.

Yield losses caused by virus infection in four combinations of non-persistently aphid-transmitted virus and cool-season crop legume

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Latham ◽  
R. A. C. Jones ◽  
B. A. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Individual Seed ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Field experiments provided quantitative information on the yield losses caused by virus infection within 4 different combinations of non-persistently aphid-transmitted virus and cool-season crop legume: Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) in chickpea, faba bean and lentil, and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in lentil. Virus infection foci were introduced into plots and naturally occurring aphids spread infection from these to the other plants. Plants were tagged individually when typical virus symptoms first appeared during the growing period. Paired plant comparisons between symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were made to measure different yield loss parameters. Late infection with AMV in faba bean cv. Fiord diminished shoot dry weight by 41% and seed yield by 45%, but plants infected earlier recovered sufficiently from their initial shock reaction not to produce significant yield losses. In plants of lentil cv. Matilda first showing symptoms at different times, infection with AMV decreased shoot dry weight by 74–76%, seed yield by 81–87% and individual seed weight by 10–21%, while CMV diminished shoot dry weight by 72–81%, seed yield by 80–90% and individual seed yield by 17–25%. Early infection with AMV killed plants of chickpea cv. Tyson while later infection decreased shoot dry weight by 50%, seed yield by 98% and individual seed weight by 90%. The first tentative evidence for seed transmission of AMV in faba bean is reported with a transmission rate of 0.04%.

An Improved Method to Shorten Physiological Dormancy of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Seed

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Nick T. Harre ◽  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
Bryan G. Young
Keyword(s):  
Lag Phase ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
High Degree

AbstractTimely results from whole-plant, herbicide-resistant weed screenings are crucial to heighten grower awareness. However, the high degree of physiological dormancy of giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifidaL.) seed exacerbates this process. The most effective methods for alleviating dormancy, to date, are either labor-intensive (embryo excision) or require several weeks (soil stratification). This research describes a conditioning process involving clipping and aeration of seed in water that is highly effective at alleviating dormancy and requires less skill and time compared with previous techniques.Ambrosia trifidaseeds were collected over 2 yr at two different collection timings (September 25, “early”; October 25, “late”), subjected to various treatments intended to release dormancy, and evaluated for emergence over 18 d in the greenhouse. The use of germination-promoting chemicals (ethephon, gibberellic acid, and thiourea) generally provided no increase in emergence compared with water and occasionally produced seedlings with abnormal growth unsuitable for further experimentation. Conditioning yielded between 30% and 33% emergence for both early and late collections of seeds with no afterripening period compared with 0% emergence for seeds imbibed in water. Following an 8-wk period of dry storage at 4 C, conditioning yielded nearly 80% emergence for both collection timings, while emergence of seeds imbibed in water was 10% and 27% for early and late collections, respectively. Soil stratification in moist soil for 8 wk at 4 C was the second most effective treatment, yielding 46% to 49% emergence across both collections. Parameters of the Weibull function further indicated the conditioning treatment had the fastest rate of emergence and shortest lag phase between planting and first emergence. Methods to germinateA. trifidawithout an afterripening period have previously been unsuccessful. Therefore, the seed-conditioning method outlined in this work will be useful in expediting the confirmation of herbicide-resistantA. trifidaincidences.

Tolerance of Otebo Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to New Herbicides in Ontario

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Nader Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture

Weed management is a major production issue facing otebo bean growers in Ontario. Field trials were conducted at six Ontario locations during a 2-yr period (2003 and 2004) to evaluate the tolerance of otebo bean to the preplant incorporated (PPI) application of EPTC at 4,400 and 8,800 g ai/ha, trifluralin at 1,155 and 2,310 g ai/ha, dimethenamid at 1,250 and 2,500 g ai/ha,S-metolachlor at 1,600 and 3,200 g ai/ha, and imazethapyr at 75 and 150 g ai/ha. EPTC, trifluralin, dimethenamid, andS-metolachlor applied PPI resulted in minimal (less than 5%) visual injury and with exception of the low rate of dimethenamid causing a 16% reduction in shoot dry weight and the high rate causing an 8% plant height reduction had no adverse effect on plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content, and yield. Imazethapyr applied PPI caused up to 7% visual injury and reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, and yield 8, 18, and 12% at 75 g/ha and 19, 38, and 27% at 150 g/ ha, respectively. Seed moisture content was also reduced by 0.4% with both rates. Based on these results, otebo bean is not tolerant of imazethapyr applied PPI at rates as low as 75 g/ha, the proposed use rate. EPTC, trifluralin, dimethenamid, andS-metolachlor applied PPI have a 2× rate crop safety margin for use in otebo bean weed management.

Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Competition in Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Barnett ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Cotton Fiber Quality ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds, including giant ragweed, are among the most challenging weeds for growers to control in cotton. A field study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 to determine the competitiveness of giant ragweed with densities of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.6 plants m−1of row. Early in the growing season, giant ragweed competition with densities of at least 0.8 plants m−1row reduced cotton height compared with the weed-free control. Based on node above white flower (NAWF) and node above cracked boll (NACB) data, a delay in cotton maturity was observed for treatments with giant ragweed present at a density of 1.6 m−1of cotton row for NAWF and 0.8 m−1or 1.6 m−1of row for NACB. Lint yield losses of 50% were estimated for cotton with rows growing along side of giant ragweed at a density of 0.26 plants m−1row. Cotton in rows located 140 cm away from giant ragweed required an estimated 1.85 plants m−1row to reduce yield by 50%. These data suggest that giant ragweed sphere of influence was at least 1 m wide. Cotton fiber quality was not affected by giant ragweed at any density. Giant ragweed is a highly competitive weed in cotton, even at low densities, and efforts should be implemented to control giant ragweed early in the season to prevent cotton yield loss.

Effects of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Vegetative Growth and Fruit Yield

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose P. Morales-Payan ◽  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Percentage Unit

Additive series experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the effect of season-long interference of different initial population densities of purple nutsedge on the shoot dry weight and fruit yield of tomato and bell pepper. Purple nutsedge densities up to 200 plants/m2linearly reduced shoot dry weight at flowering and fruit yield of both crops as weed density increased. Both variables were directly correlated, and for each percentage unit of tomato shoot dry weight loss at flowering, fruit yield was reduced 1.24 units, whereas for bell pepper this relationship was 1 to 2.01. Total shoot and tuber biomass of purple nutsedge increased as density increased. The presence of either crop caused a decline in the total shoot dry weight accumulation of purple nutsedge, with tomato producing a higher degree of loss than bell pepper to the weed. Fruit yield losses due to purple nutsedge interference reached 44% for tomato and 32% for bell pepper.

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