scholarly journals Circular Distribution Pattern of Plant Modulars and Endophagous Herbivory within Tree Crowns: The Impact of Roadside Light Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (141) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Hua Dai ◽  
Jia-Sheng Xu ◽  
Xing-Lu Ding
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Circular Distribution ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
The Impact

Implementation of electrical impedance tomography for analysis of building moisture conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1837-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rymarczyk ◽  
Jan Sikora ◽  
Paweł Tchórzewski
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The paper aims to present an innovative solution for evaluation study of the dampness level of walls and historical buildings. Design/methodology/approach Electrical tomography enables one to obtain a distribution pattern of wall dampness. The application of modern tomographic techniques in conjunction with topological algorithms will allow one to perform very accurate spatial assessment of the dampness levels of buildings. The proposed application uses the total variation, Gauss–Newton and level set method to solve the inverse problem in electrical tomography. Findings Research shows that electrical tomography can provide effective results in damp buildings. This method can provide 2D/3D moisture distribution pattern. Research limitations/implications The impact of this technique will be limited to inspection of the facility after floods or assessment of historical buildings. Practical implications The presented method could eventually lead to a much more effective evaluation of moisture in the walls. Social implications The solution has commercial potential and could result in more cost-effective monitoring of historical buildings, which have an economic impact on society. Originality/value The authors propose a system for imaging spatial moistness of walls and historic buildings based on electrical tomography and consisting of a measuring device, sensors and image reconstruction algorithms.

scholarly journals Identification of traffic accident risk-prone areas under low-light conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2059-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ivan ◽  
I. Haidu ◽  
J. Benedek ◽  
S. M. Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract. Besides other non-behavioural factors, low-light conditions significantly influence the frequency of traffic accidents in an urban environment. This paper intends to identify the impact of low-light conditions on traffic accidents in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The dependence degree between light and the number of traffic accidents was analysed using the Pearson correlation, and the relation between the spatial distribution of traffic accidents and the light conditions was determined by the frequency ratio model. The vulnerable areas within the city were identified based on the calculation of the injury rate for the 0.5 km2 areas uniformly distributed within the study area. The results show a strong linear correlation between the low-light conditions and the number of traffic accidents in terms of three seasonal variations and a high probability of traffic accident occurrence under the above-mentioned conditions at the city entrances/exits, which represent vulnerable areas within the study area. Knowing the linear dependence and the spatial relation between the low light and the number of traffic accidents, as well as the consequences induced by their occurrence, enabled us to identify the areas of high traffic accident risk in Cluj-Napoca.

scholarly journals Morphological features of Hylotelephium triphillum (Haw.) Holub (Crassulaceae DC.) under different light conditions when introduced into the steppe zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Lidiya Vasilyevna Privalko
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
The Impact

In recent decades floral devices in a natural style has been becoming more common in gardening. In this connection there was a need for the introduction and study of the natural flora of plants in order to attract them to simulate the decorative and resistant plants. The article presents the results of studies of the effect of different light conditions on the habitat features and decorative biomorphological Hylotelephium triphyllum (Haw.) Holub (Crassulaceae DC.) when introduced in SE Donetsk Botanical Garden. This species is found naturally in the flora of Donbass, a decorative, but, according to the results of our analysis, is rarely used in green construction. Bioecological certification of this type has been done. It has been determined that the impact of site lighting conditions on the growth and development of H. triphyllum expressed in significantly smaller numbers of vegetative and generative shoots in the shaded areas. However, since the diameter of the plants does not change, more thickened planting in these areas is not recommended. The author found the dependence of the variation of the biometric data on the lighting conditions. In the study of seasonal dynamics of H. triphyllum the author revealed that the development of above-ground organs of his passes with a positive amount of average daily air temperatures. The growing season lasts an average of 225 days. Start of spring regrowth is observed in the second half of March - early April, flowering - in August - September, fruits - in September - October. Vegetation stops when temperature goes below zero. Illumination of this type of habitat affect the time of vegetation beginning, budding, flowering, fruit set and fruit-bearing. On the shaded areas due to the later start of budding and flowering the most decorative period of H. triphyllum is shorter by an average of 10 days. This type is recommended for creation of group planting, stony hills, dry streams, rock gardens, rockeries, mixborders, curbs, ornamental compositions in the coastal zone of ornamental ponds and fountains in the steppe zone in areas with different light conditions, taking into account the above factors.

scholarly journals Characterization and Simulation of a Low-Pressure Rotator Spray Plate Sprinkler Used in Center Pivot Irrigation Systems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cruz Octavio Robles Rovelo ◽  
Nery Zapata Ruiz ◽  
Javier Burguete Tolosa ◽  
Jesús Ramiro Félix Félix ◽  
Borja Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Drop Size Distribution ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
The Impact

Spray sprinklers enable to operate at low pressures (<103 kPa) in self-propelled irrigation machines. A number of experiments were performed to characterize the water distribution pattern of an isolated rotator spray plate sprinkler operating at very low pressure under different experimental conditions. The experiments were performed under two pressures (69 kPa and 103 kPa) and in calm and windy conditions. The energy losses due to the impact of the out-going jet with the sprinkler plate were measured using an optical technique. The adequacy to reproduce the measured water distribution pattern under calm conditions of two drop size distribution models was evaluated. A ballistic model was used to simulate the water distribution pattern under wind conditions evaluating three different drag models: (1) considering solid spherical drops; (2) a conventional model based on wind velocity and direction distortion pattern, and (3) a new drag coefficient model independent of wind speed. The energy losses measured with the optical method range from 20% to 60% from higher to lower nozzle sizes, respectively, for both evaluated working pressures analyzing over 16,500 droplets. For the drop size distribution selected, Weibull accurately reproduced the water application with a maximum root mean square error (RMSE) of 19%. Up to 28% of the RMSE could be decreased using the wind-independent drag coefficient model with respect to the conventional model; the difference with respect to the spherical model was 4%.

scholarly journals The Impact of Plant Shaping on Aphid Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-204
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Cichocka ◽  
Magdalena Lubiarz
Keyword(s):  
Aphid Species ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Crown Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aphid Behavior

The Impact of Plant Shaping on Aphid Behavior The paper provides a review of the studies focusing on the impact of plant trimming and pruning (especially in tree rows) and tree crown formation (in orchards and urban greenery) on the bionomy and number of aphids and some other hemipterans. The fresh, succulent shoots which appear after any trimming and pruning provide aphids with "eternal spring" conditions, i.e. the availability of young leaves and shoots preferred by aphids as a source of nutrition. The majority of aphid species acquiring nutrition from leaves feed on the top shoots. People shape garden greenery, forming beautiful, decorative tree crowns. Some shoots in orchards are regularly cut off; sometimes even apple trees are planted in rows. Instead of building traditional fences, hedges are planted and regularly trimmed. Trimmed plants have fresh, succulent shoots, which are an attractive source of nutrition for many aphids. Large numbers of aphids inhabit these rejuvenated plants. Cutting and trimming of plants often have an impact not only on the number of aphids, but also on their bionomy.

Does hypoxia reduce habitat quality for Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus)? A bioenergetics perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Brandt ◽  
Marco Costantini ◽  
Sarah Kolesar ◽  
Stuart A. Ludsin ◽  
Doran M. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Sander Vitreus ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Favorable Temperature ◽  
East West

In Lake Erie, the duration and extent of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen (DO)  ≤ 2 mg·L–1) has increased in recent years, yet little is known on the corresponding impact on its fish, particularly the highly valued walleye ( Sander vitreus ) fishery. Here, we quantified the impact of hypoxia on walleye habitat quality, using a spatially explicit growth rate potential (GRP) modeling approach, which integrates the spatial arrangement of biological (prey availability) and environmental (DO, temperature, irradiance) measures. Data were collected along two types of transects: 60 km north–south transects (each sampled once during day and night) and 5 km east–west transects (sampled every 4 h for 24 h) during August (pre-hypoxia), September (peak-hypoxia), and October (post-hypoxia) 2005. Overall, the average monthly amount of high quality habitat (GRP > 0 g·g–1·day–1) for walleye declined slightly with hypoxia (<2.0%); however, hypoxia appeared to enhance habitat quality by concentrating prey in favorable temperature, DO, and light conditions. In September, percentages of walleye growth rates were at the upper end of the range, much more so than during August or October. Although an understanding of walleye distributions, foraging, and growth in relation to hypoxia is needed, our results do not suggest that hypoxia is negatively influencing walleye through reduced habitat quality.

scholarly journals Clinical and environmental factors are not associated with establishment of pre-hospital intravenous access.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Rasmus Lyngby
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Triage Category ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
The Impact

Background: Establishing intravenous (IV) access is part of the paramedic scope of practice and in critically ill patients the procedure is essential to administer fluids and/or drugs. However, in the unique pre-hospital setting clinical and environmental factors may challenge the procedure. Previous studies have investigated IV procedure time and overall success-rates with little or no attention to the impact of challenging factors. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and environmental factors associated with the first attempt of IV access establishment. Methods: Data containing information on IV procedure characteristics, patient condition and environmental factors were obtained by paramedics operating in the Capital Region of Denmark. Data was collected during three non-consecutive months in 2017 and 2018. Data was exported to IBM’s Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for analysis. A chi-square test for independence (with Yates’ Continuity Correction for 2x2 tables and likelihood ratio for expected count violations) was applied to test for association between first attempt of IV access establishment, patient condition and environmental factors. Results: A total of 259 datasets were available. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between first attempt of IV access establishment and assessed level of difficulty (p=0.00). No significant association was found between first attempt of IV access establishment and presence of radial pulse (p=0.21), patient triage category (p=0.35), size of catheter (p=0.80), site of catheter insertion (p=0.11), light conditions (p=0.26) and procedure location (p=0.31). Conclusion: This study concludes that first-attempt IV access establishment was significantly associated with assessed level of difficulty, and non-significantly associated with the investigated clinical end environmental factors. Based on the findings, paramedics should reconsider IV access for patients where the procedure is considered difficult, and consider other available administration options. On the contrary, paramedics should not refrain from attempting IV access establishment based on present clinical and environmental factors thought to challenge the procedure.

scholarly journals Distribution Pattern of Children with Acute Respiratory Infection during Forest fire at Central Kalimantan Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Yoni Astuti ◽  
Iman Permana ◽  
Bayu Ramadhan ◽  
Rahmawati Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Public Health Office ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
The Impact

Over the past 30 years, forest fire has been one of main ecological issues in Indonesia. Human-caused deforestation was accused to be the reason behind this matter, apart from the drastic changing in global climate. Palangkaraya is one of the citiesaffected by haze of the forest fire in 2015; considered to be the worst year of forest fire with the value of PM10 was above the normal threshold. As the impact to the community wellbeing, the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in October 2015was increasing especially in children. The research aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of children with ARI in October 2015 at Palangkaraya City. Data onARI number were collected from Primary Care under Public Health Office of Palangkaraya City. The PM 10 value was collected bythe Environmental Agency of Palangkaraya City. The spatial analyse method was conducted using theAverage Nearest Neighbour (ANN) method. The result shows that the number of ANN ratio is 0.761801. It means that the distribution pattern of children with ARI in Central Kalimantan during the forest fire in October 2015 was in cluster form. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 171-174

scholarly journals Genetic Mapping of the Tomato Quality Traits Brix and Blossom-end Rot Under Supplemental LED and HPS Lighting Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aina Prinzenberg ◽  
Hanneke van der Schoot ◽  
Richard GF Visser ◽  
Leo Marcelis ◽  
Ep Heuvelink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Brix Value ◽  
The Impact

Abstract LED lighting has emerged as alternative to the current HPS standard in greenhouse production. However little is known about the impact on fruit quality under the different light spectra. We grew a biparental tomato RIL population between September 2019 and January 2020 under two commercial greenhouse supplemental lighting conditions, i.e. HPS, and 95% red/ 5% blue- LED, of about 220 µmol m− 2 s− 1 at maximum canopy height for 16h per day. Differences in Brix and blossom-end rot (BER) between the two light conditions were observed and we studied the genetic influences on those traits, separating genetics located on chromosomes from genetics located in plastids. The Brix value was on average 11% lower under LED than under HPS supplemental lighting. A LED-light specific QTL for Brix was identified on chromosome 6. This QTL can be of interest for breeding for tomato varieties cultivated under LED supplemental lighting. A Brix-QTL on chromosome 2 was found for both light conditions. In our study fewer plants developed BER under LED supplemental lighting than under HPS. We identified a novel genetic locus on chromosome 11 for the incidence of BER that lead to a difference in about 20% of fruits with BER. This genetic component was independent of the light.

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