URINARY EXCRETION OF OESTRONE, OESTRADIOL-17β AND OESTRIOL IN PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY STEROID SULPHATASE DEFICIENCY

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. MUJAJI ◽  
K. J. TOUMBA ◽  
R. E. OAKEY
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Precursor Pool ◽  
Steroid Sulphatase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adrenal Hypoplasia ◽  
Urine Specimens

SUMMARY The urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol-17β and oestriol was measured by gas–liquid chromatography in 24 h urine specimens, collected after 34 weeks of gestation from each of eight women whose pregnancies were complicated by steroid sulphatase deficiency and from each of 21 pregnant women without this complication. Mean (±s.d.) values μmol/24 h, sulphatase deficient; normal) were: oestrone, 0·7 ± 0·2; 2·5 ± 1·3; oestradiol-17β, 0·5 ± 0·2; 1·6 ± 0·5: oestriol, 2·0 ± 0·9; 54·4 ± 19·9. Thus, mean oestrone and oestradiol-17β excretions were only 30% of normal whilst mean oestriol excretion was reduced by more than 90%. Consequently, the mean ratio of urinary oestriol/(oestrone + oestradiol-17β changed from 13·7 ± 2·3 in normal pregnancy to 1·6 ± 0·6 in pregnancies complicated by steroid sulphatase deficiency. The greater fall in oestriol excretion in this condition, in comparison with that of oestrone and oestradiol-17β, emphasizes the importance of conjugated 16-oxygenated C19 steroids in the biosynthesis of oestriol in human pregnancy. The change in the relative proportions of the three urinary oestrogens implies that in the precursor pool of normal pregnancy the concentration of 16-oxy-C19 steroids relative to that of the 16-deoxy-C19 steroids, is much greater in the sulphate fraction than it is in the unconjugated fraction. The measurement of the urinary oestriol/(oestrone+oestradiol-17β) ratio may have the potential to make it possible to distinguish, before birth, between pregnancies complicated by steroid sulphatase deficiency and those with foetal adrenal hypoplasia.

DETERMINATION OF PLASMA OESTRIOL IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND LABOUR USING GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. COOPER ◽  
M. G. COYLE ◽  
J. A. MILLS
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Purification ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery

SUMMARY A method is described for estimating oestriol in 2–10 ml samples of human pregnancy peripheral plasma. It incorporates acid hydrolysis, chemical purification, methylation, chromatography on alumina columns, formation of a derivative and quantitative determination by gas chromatography. A radioactive internal standard was added to correct for procedural losses. Plasma oestriol determinations in five normal patients throughout pregnancy and delivery are reported.

scholarly journals Comparison of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 Concentration in Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusrawati Yusrawati ◽  
Dyka Aidina ◽  
Eti Yerizel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Tgf Β1

BACKGROUND: According to the theory of endothelial dysfunction, the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is associated with the imbalance of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has also proposed as a proangiogenic factor that influences preeclampsia. This study was conducted to compare a mean difference of TGF-β1 between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy.METHODS: This study was an observational crosssectional study with 25 subjects of pregnant women with preeclampsia and 25 subjects of normotensive pregnant women. The study was conducted in Dr. Reksodiwiryo Hospital, Bhayangkara Hospital, and Dr. Rasidin Hospital in Padang, Indonesia from October 2015 to January 2016. For the determination of TGF-β1 concentration, peripheral Abstract venous blood samples were taken. The blood samples wereanalyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University. The mean difference was statically analyzed by independent samples T-test.RESULTS: The mean difference of TGF-β1 was lower in preeclampsia group than normal pregnancy group (2.02±0.99 ng/mL vs. 3.24±2.67 ng/mL; p<0.05).CONCLUSION: The TGF-β1 concentration was lower in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Thus, it may have a role as a marker in preeclampsia.KEYWORDS: preeclampsia, normal pregnancy, transforming growth factor-beta1, TGF-β1

scholarly journals Functional Status of Maternal Thyroid Gland in Eclampsia

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
M Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Mahbub Ara Chowdhury ◽  
Shahin Mahmuda
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Marked changes in maternal thyroid activity occur in pregnancy. During pregnancy bodily hormonal changes and metabolic demands result in complex alteration in the bio-chemical parameters of thyroid activities. Besides these, thyroid enlargement, increased thyroid capability for iodine uptake and increase in basal metabolic rate are evidential though these findings are not usually associated with symptoms of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Serum concentration of thyroid hormone thyroxine and triiodothyronine in complicated pregnancy like eclamptic toxemia is another field of controversy. To evaluate the changes in thyroid function in normal pregnancy and eclamptic toxemia, a study was undertaken in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. We collected serum specimens from non pregnant but married women, normal 3rd trimester pregnant women and patients with eclampsia at 3rd trimester of pregnancy and measured serum concentrations of total and free thyroxine (TT4 & FT4) and total and free triiodothyronine (TT3 & FT3 ) by using RIA. Among the study subjects, 10 women were married but non pregnant, 12 women were in their 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy and 32 patients of eclamptic toxemia with 3rd trimester of pregnancy. In normal pregnancy, FT4 and FT3 levels remained normal while TT4 and TT3 levels were elevated. In patients with toxemia of pregnancy, the mean serum TT3 concentration was significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy and the serum FT3 concentrations were below the normal pregnancy range. The mean serum TT4 and FT4 concentrations in patients with eclampsia were however, significantly higher than those in normal pregnant women. TAJ 2018; 31(1): 9-14

Increased urinary excretion of nephrin, podocalyxin, and βig-h3 in women with preeclampsia

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (9) ◽  
pp. F1084-F1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuping Wang ◽  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
Susan Loyd ◽  
Lynn J. Groome
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Protein Shedding ◽  
Kidney Lesion ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Urine Specimens

Emerging evidence has shown that podocyte injury and reduced specific podocyte protein expressions contribute to proteinuria in preeclampsia. We collected urine specimens from women with preeclampsia to study whether podocyte-specific protein shedding is associated with renal barrier dysfunction. Urine specimens from women with normal pregnancies and from pregnant women complicated by chronic hypertension were used for comparison. We determined soluble podocyte slit protein nephrin levels in the urine specimens. Podocalyxin, βig-h3, and VEGF concentrations were also measured. We found that nephrin and podocalyxin were barely detectable in the urine specimens from normal pregnant women and from women with chronic hypertension. In preeclampsia, urinary nephrin and podocalyxin concentrations were significantly increased and highly correlated to each other, r2 = 0.595. Nephrin and podocalyxin were also correlated with urine protein concentrations. βig-h3 was detected in the urine specimens from women with preeclampsia, and it is highly correlated with nephrin and podocalyxin concentrations in preeclampsia. βig-h3 was undetectable in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by chronic hypertension. Elevated VEGF levels were also found in women with preeclampsia compared with those of normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by chronic hypertension. These results provide strong evidence that podocyte protein shedding occurs in preeclampsia, and their levels are associated with proteinuria. The finding of urinary βig-h3 excretion in preeclampsia suggests that increased transforming growth factor activity might also be involved in the kidney lesion in this pregnancy disorder.

DISULPHATES OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN THE AMNIOTIC FLUID FROM ANENCEPHALIC PREGNANCIES

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LUUKKAINEN ◽  
E. A. MICHIE ◽  
R. VIHKO
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Human Bile ◽  
Normal Term ◽  
Pregnancy Urine

SUMMARY Steroid disulphate fractions were obtained by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 from samples of amniotic fluid from three pregnancies complicated by anencephaly. Several of the steroids with a 3β-hydroxy-5-ene structure found in normal amniotic fluid could not be detected. 5-Androstene-3β,17α-diol, the main steroid disulphate in normal amniotic fluid was present in concentrations of <5% of the values at normal term. The disulphates of neutral steroids found in highest concentrations in the amniotic fluid of anencephalic pregnancies were those of isomeric pregnanediols; 5α-pregnane-3α,20α-diol, 5α-pregnane-3β,20α-diol and 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol. The quantities of these metabolites of progesterone in the amniotic fluid of anencephalic pregnancies were similar to those in normal pregnancies. A saturated 18-hydroxylated C19 steroid, most probably 3α,18-dihydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one, was identified by gas—liquid chromatography and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Although this compound has been previously identified in human bile and in normal pregnancy urine, this appears to be the first identification of a saturated C19 steroid in amniotic fluid.

DETERMINATION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE IN HUMAN PLASMA USING ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION OF 4-ANDROSTENE-3,6,17-TRIONE AFTER GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. de JONG ◽  
H. J. van der MOLEN
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Electron Capture Detection ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY A method for the measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and of its sulphate (DHAS) in human peripheral plasma is described and evaluated. After isolation of DHA from the sample the steroid is oxidized to 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione, which is measured with an electron capture detector after gas—liquid chromatography. It is possible to detect 100 pg 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione. The smallest amount of DHA per sample that can be distinguished from zero is approximately 4 ng, when recovery (27·9 ± 8·8%) and method blank (0·23 ± 0·38 ng) are taken into account. The oxidation to 4-ene-3,6-diones is specific for steroidal 5-en-3-ols. Specificity for DHA is ensured by several chromatographic steps. Repeated estimation of 10 ng DHA gave a mean value of 9·6 ± 1·45 (s.d.) ng (n = 35). Mean concentrations and their standard deviations for DHA and DHAS in peripheral plasma from 18 individuals were 0·50 ± 0·25 and 78 ± 40 μg/100 ml, respectively, at 08.30 h and 0·32 ± 0·17 and 84 ± 34 μg/100 ml, respectively, at 17.00 h of the same day. Levels of plasma cortisol in the same plasma samples estimated with a competitive protein-binding method were 16·7 ± 1·8 and 11·9 ± 3·8 μg/100 ml, respectively. No significant differences between the sexes were observed by any of the three assays. The mean values of the plasma concentrations of cortisol and DHA in the morning were significantly higher than those in the evening (P < 0·001 and P < 0·005, respectively). In contrast, the mean value of the plasma levels of DHAS in the morning was significantly lower than that in the evening (P < 0·025).

Urinary Excretion of 17-Oxosteroids in Hereditary Coproporphyria

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-444
Author(s):  
J. W. Paxton ◽  
M. R. Moore ◽  
A. D. Beattie ◽  
A. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Acute Attack ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Significant Linear Correlation ◽  
Hereditary Coproporphyria ◽  
Urinary Content ◽  
Serial Measurements ◽  
Made In

1. Urinary 17-oxosteroid conjugates were measured by gas-liquid chromatography in five patients with hereditary coproporphyria. 2. Three patients were in an acute attack and showed significantly increased excretion of sulphate or glucuronide conjugates of aetiocholanolone. There was increased excretion of several other related steroids but no consistent pattern was apparent. 3. In the two patients in remission, excretion of urinary 17-oxosteroids was not increased. 4. The ratio of total urinary aetiocholanolone to androsterone (5β:5α) was found to be significantly elevated for the three patients in an acute attack. Serial measurements were made in two of these patients and showed a highly significant linear correlation between this ratio and the urinary content of δ-aminolaevulic acid and porphobilinogen. 5. These observations suggest the involvement of the 17-oxosteroids, especially aetiocholanolone, in the pathogenesis of hereditary coproporphyria.

scholarly journals High incidences of low serum magnesium in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia than in normal pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitali Mondal ◽  
Dipak Das
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Serum

Background: Hypertension is one of the most frequently encountered medical disorder in obstetrics practice and remain a major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objectives was to find out the high incidences of low serum magnesium in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia than in normal pregnancy.Methods: All consenting 50 cases of normal pregnant women and 50 women with pre-eclampsia attending antenatal clinic for checkup of ≥20 weeks who fulfills the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Serum magnesium was measured by Calmagite method.Results: Out of 100 primigravidae 50 cases of pre-eclampsia women were in the age group of 18-30 years and the mean serum magnesium was 1.156±0.328. In contrast out of 50 cases of pregnant women were in the age group of 18-30 years and the mean serum magnesium was 1.907±0.321. The difference between the mean serum magnesium level in pre-eclampsia and normal pregnant women cases were statistically significant (p=0.0016). The study presented below it is clear that there are numerous factors that contribute to the causality of pre-eclampsia and from our analysis it was clear that the serum magnesium levels show an irregular pattern of fluctuations in cases suffering from pre-eclampsia and can be attributed to numerous physiological causes.Conclusions: Our study shows a significant reduction of serum magnesium levels in pre-eclampsia cases compared to normal pregnant women and occurrence of both maternal and neonatal complications with the serum magnesium levels decreased.

Monitoring clorazepate dipotassium as desmethyldiazepam in plasma by electron-capture gas--liquid chromatography.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-144
Author(s):  
D Haidukewych ◽  
E A Rodin ◽  
R Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sensitivity Limit ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
State Concentration

Abstract We describe a procedure for determing clorazepate dipotassium as its decarboxylated, pharmacologically active metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, in 100 microL of plasma, with use of electron-capture gas--liquid chromatography and with methylnitrazepam as the internal standard. The procedure is a one-tube, one-step extraction without derivative formation and is accurate, reproducible, and rapid. The sensitivity limit is 20 micrograms/L. Within-run and between-run CV's (concentration, 3.5 mg/L) were 2.9 and 3.5%, respectively. Within-run CV's for 1.5 and 1.0 mg/L concentrations were 3.9 and 4.3%, respectively. For a 1.0 mg/kg per day dose of clorazepate dipotassium, the mean steady-state concentration of desmethyldiazepam in plasma was 1.037 mg/L.

Detection Of Antichlamydial Antibody in Patients With Ectopic Pregnancy and Normal Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Srwa Jamal Murad
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
P Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Aim of the current research is to assess the Chlamydia Trachomatis infection role in the development of early pregnancy complication including ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage in Sulaimanyia Maternity Teaching Hospital. It is a comparative study conducted in Gynecology Clinic and Emergency department of Sulaimanyia Maternity Teaching Hospital during the period from 1st of September 2018 to 31st of March 2019. The study groups included of 70 pregnant women; the first group included 35 ectopic pregnant women and the second group included 35 normal pregnant women that both groups had been selected randomly. Pregnant women with history of ectopic pregnancies, women used intrauterine device, in vitro fertilization, assisted reproduction and history of pelvic surgery. Blood sample (2 ml venous blood) collected to test for antibodies level for Chlamydia Trachomatis by Alegria test system for both studied groups and patients with ectopic pregnancy detected by beta human chorionic gonadotropin and ultrasound scanning. The collected data analyzed by SPSS program and for compare between means of two variables independent sample t-test was used while for comparison of categorical variables Chi square test was used with considering ≤ 0.05 P-value as significant level. The results shows that the mean age of normal pregnancy were (28.3±4.6) group compared with mean age ectopic pregnancy (29.5±4.9) group. The mean IgG (6.3±5.1) of patients with ectopic pregnancy was found to be significantly higher than mean IgG (2.8±1.1) for normal pregnant patients (P-value 0.01) and IgM mean (4.5±2.4) of patients with ectopic pregnancy was significantly higher than mean IgM (1.6±1.2) for normal pregnant patients with P-value 0.01. In conclusion, infection of Chlamydia Trachomatis has a significant relationship with the development of ectopic pregnancy therefor screening and treatment of Chlamydia infection may reduce ectopic pregnancy rate with low cost

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