Effects of insulin, glucose and ACTH on corticosterone production by fetal adrenal cells from diabetic rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Conliffe ◽  
S. Mulay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Severe Diabetes

ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on Sprague–Dawley rats to determine whether changes in fetal corticosterone levels during maternal diabetes were caused by the accompanying fetal hyperinsulinaemia or fetal hyperglycaemia. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (30–45 mg/kg, i.v.) on day 2 of gestation. Fetal adrenals were removed on day 20 of gestation and cultured. Streptozotocin caused moderate (blood glucose 14–22·5 mmol/l) to severe (blood glucose >25 mmol/l) diabetes. Both moderate and severe diabetes caused a decrease in fetal body weights. Relative to non-diabetic controls, maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of corticosterone were higher in the severely and lower in the moderately diabetic rats. Corticosterone production by fetal adrenal cells from control and moderately diabetic rats was comparable, but cells from the severely diabetic animals produced significantly greater amounts of corticosterone than did control cells. Neither glucose (28 mmol/l) nor insulin (1 nmol/l) exerted significant effects on [3H]thymidine uptake or corticosterone production by fetal adrenal cells from non-diabetic, moderately diabetic or severely diabetic rats. Human ACTH (0·02–20 nmol/l) caused a concentration-dependent increase in corticosterone output of comparable magnitude by cells from all three groups of animals. These data suggest that fetal growth abnormalities during diabetic pregnancy are not directly related to changes in glucocorticoid levels and that changes in glucocorticoid levels are not caused by any direct action of fetal hyperinsulinaemia or hyperglycaemia on adrenal cells. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 393–399

Anti-hyperglycaemic effects of dioxidovanadium complex cis-[VO2(obz)py] avert kidney dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Sprague–Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bonisiwe Mbatha ◽  
Andile Khathi ◽  
Ntethelelo Sibiya ◽  
Irvin Booysen ◽  
Patrick Mangundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Vanadium Complex ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Urinary Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Despite the success of antidiabetic drugs in alleviation of hyperglycaemia, diabetic complications, including renal dysfunction, continue to be a burden. This raises the need to seek alternative therapies that will alleviate these complications. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dioxidovanadium(V) complex cis-[VO2(obz)py] on renal function in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with cis-[VO2(obz)py] (40 mg·kg–1) twice every third day for five weeks. Diabetic untreated and insulin-treated rats served as the diabetic control and positive control, respectively. Blood glucose concentrations, water intake, urinary output, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored weekly for five weeks. Rats were then euthanized, and blood and kidney tissues were collected for biochemical analysis. Significant decreases in blood glucose concentrations, MAP, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and SGLT2 expression, as well as plasma angiotensin and aldosterone concentrations, were observed in the treated groups compared with the diabetic control. The complex also increased urinary glucose concentrations, antioxidant enzymes GPx and SOD concentrations, and decreased MDA concentrations and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) concentrations. These findings suggest that the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of this vanadium complex may ameliorate kidney dysfunction in diabetes.

scholarly journals Antecedent glycemic control reduces severe hypoglycemia-induced neuronal damage in diabetic rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (12) ◽  
pp. E1331-E1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace M. Reno ◽  
Tariq Tanoli ◽  
Adam Bree ◽  
Dorit Daphna-Iken ◽  
Chen Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Brain damage due to severe hypoglycemia occurs in insulin-treated people with diabetes. This study tests the hypothesis that chronic insulin therapy that normalizes elevated blood glucose in diabetic rats would be neuroprotective against brain damage induced by an acute episode of severe hypoglycemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were split into three groups: 1) control, non-diabetic; 2) STZ-diabetic; and 3) insulin-treated STZ-diabetic. After 3 wk of chronic treatment, unrestrained awake rats underwent acute hyperinsulinemic severe hypoglycemic (10–15 mg/dl) clamps for 1 h. Rats were subsequently analyzed for brain damage and cognitive function. Severe hypoglycemia induced 15-fold more neuronal damage in STZ-diabetic rats compared with nondiabetic rats. Chronic insulin treatment of diabetic rats, which nearly normalized glucose levels, markedly reduced neuronal damage induced by severe hypoglycemia. Fortunately, no cognitive defects associated with the hypoglycemia-induced brain damage were observed in any group. In conclusion, antecedent blood glucose control represents a major modifiable therapeutic intervention that can afford diabetic subjects neuroprotection against severe hypoglycemia-induced brain damage.

scholarly journals Myrmecodia platytyrea Methanol Tuber Extract Ameliorates Hyperglycemia In STZ-Induced Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Male Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 338-348
Author(s):  
Mizaton Hazizul Hasan ◽  
Hasbullani Zakaria ◽  
Ibtisam Abdul Wahab ◽  
Thellie Ponto ◽  
Aishah Adam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tuber Extract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main non-communicable chronic diseases that has many complications that compromise the quality of life. Hence, the need to find alternatives to replace the current therapy or as an adjuvant. Tubers of Myrmecodia platytytrea (Rubiaceae) has been used traditionally as an alternative therapy for the management of cancer and other inflammatory-related disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of M. platytytrea methanolic tuber extract (MPMTE) as an antihyperglycemic agent, in vivo. :The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with MPMTE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and metformin (positive control, 100 mg/kg) daily for 14 days. Blood glucose level and other biochemistry analysis were conducted including histological examination on liver, kidney and pancreas.  The STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with MPMTE (200 and 400 mg/kg) had significant decreased (p<0.05) in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with no significant changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to STZ-induced untreated diabetic rats. Liver, kidney and pancreas were devoid of any damage caused by STZ.  MPMTE had strong antihyperglycaemic activity and was protective against any STZ-induced organ damage. Thus, MPMTE can be further developed into an adjuvant therapy for diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Studies on the Antidiabetic Activities ofCordyceps militarisExtract in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Dong ◽  
Tianjiao Jing ◽  
Qingfan Meng ◽  
Chungang Liu ◽  
Shuang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidative Effects

Due to substantial morbidity and high complications, diabetes mellitus is considered as the third “killer” in the world. A search for alternative antidiabetic drugs from herbs or fungi is highly demanded. Our present study aims to investigate the antidiabetic activities ofCordyceps militarison diet-streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetic rats were orally administered with water extract or alcohol extract at 0.05 g/kg and 2 g/kg for 3 weeks, and then, the factors levels related to blood glucose, lipid, free radicals, and even nephropathy were determined. Pathological alterations on liver and kidney were examined. Data showed that, similar to metformin,Cordyceps militarisextracts displayed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels by promoting glucose metabolism and strongly suppressed total cholesterol and triglycerides concentration in serum.Cordyceps militarisextracts exhibit antioxidative effects indicated by normalized superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels. The inhibitory effects on blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and protein revealed the protection ofCordyceps militarisextracts against diabetic nephropathy, which was confirmed by pathological morphology reversion. Collectively,Cordyceps militarisextract, a safe pharmaceutical agent, presents excellent antidiabetic and antinephropathic activities and thus has great potential as a new source for diabetes treatment.

Increased natriuretic peptides in fetal hearts of diabetic rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mulay ◽  
P R Conliffe ◽  
D R Varma
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Myocardial Hypertrophy ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Volume ◽  
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides

Abstract The main purpose of these studies was to determine whether diabetic pregnancy altered maternal and fetal atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Diabetes was induced in rats by intravenous injection of 40 mg streptozotocin/kg on day 2 of gestation. Immunoreactive ANP in plasma, amniotic fluid and hearts on day 20 of gestation was measured by radioimmunoassay; fetal cardiac natriuretic peptides (ANP, proANP and BNP) were separated by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Diabetes caused an increase in fetal plasma insulin, placental weight, amniotic fluid volume, the ratio of the fetal heart to body weight, maternal and fetal plasma ANP, fetal cardiac ANP and fetal cardiac BNP. It is suggested that the maternal diabetes-induced increase in fetal ANP might be related to fetal myocardial hypertrophy and could contribute to hydramnios. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 255–259

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens L) terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Tikus Diabetes Melitus yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Endang Widhiyastuti ◽  
Mastuti Widi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sugar Levels

Diabetes which is well-known in the community as diabetes in Indonesia is a chronic disease, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot utilize the insulin produced by its own products. The Provision of antioxidants in DM mice can reduce blood sugar levels. One of the herbs that can be used for control and management of blood sugar in diabetes is swollen koro. Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens L) is a plant that can be used as an alternative treatment because it contains antioxidants that can maintain health without causing toxic effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of giving koro benguk coffee (Mucuna pruriens L) on blood sugar levels of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus Rats. This study is an experimental study of Sprague Dawley mice. A total of 35 male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each: normal control (K1); diabetes control (K2); diabetic rats were given a large coffee extract 0.63 mg / g BW rat (P1); diabetic rats were given a large infusion of coffee koro 1.26 mg / g BW rats (P2). Diabetic rats were given an infusion of coffee koro benguk20,52 mg / g BW rats. Fasting blood glucose (GDP) levels were analyzed weekly for 3 weeks using the GOD-PAP method. The results of the study showed a decrease in blood sugar for 4 times the observation time in almost all treatment groups except the positive control group. The conclusions in this study were the provision of related coffee (Mucuna pruriens L) can reduce fasting blood glucose levels in Sprague Dawley rats with diabetes models significantly compared to controls.

scholarly journals Open field mirror test as a tool for the assessment of visual functions in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan ◽  
Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir ◽  
Igor Iezhitsa ◽  
Renu Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Behavioural Assessment

To evaluate the use of mirror test in an open field arena as a visual function assessment tool in a rodent model of diabetes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into diabetic rats, that received intraperitoneal streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight) for induction of diabetes, and control rats that similarly received citrate buffer. Rats with a blood glucose level of more than 20 mmol/L were considered diabetic. Blood glucose was monitored weekly throughout the experimental period. General behavioural assessment of the rats was done at week 12 post-induction using open field arena, followed by visual-behavioural assessment with mirror and reversed mirror added in the arena. Subsequently, rats were euthanised and subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) staining to assess changes in retinal morphology. In the open field test, diabetic rats showed a lesser number of zone crossings (3.73-fold, p<0.001), total distance travelled (2.02-fold, p<0.001), number of rearing episodes (2.22-fold, p<0.001) and number of grooming episodes (4.33-fold, p<0.01) but a greater number of freezing episodes (2.47-fold, p<0.001) and number of the faecal pellet (4.17-fold, p<0.01) compared to control rats. Control rats spent more time with higher zone entries toward mirrored than non-mirrored and reversed mirror zones (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively), whereas diabetic rats showed no preference for zones.  Normal rats also showed higher freezing episodes within the mirrored zone compared to diabetic rats (2.00-fold, p<0.05). The retinal morphometry showed significant thinning of various retinal layers in the diabetic group compared to control rats. Visual behavioural activities of diabetic rats in an open field arena with the presence of a mirror could detect the presence of visual loss. Changes in visual functions positively correlated with changes in retinal morphology. Therefore, an open field mirror test could be used as an alternative for assessing visual function in the rodent model of diabetes.

Insulin administration abrogates perturbation of methyl group and homocysteine metabolism in streptozotocin-treated type 1 diabetic rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (3) ◽  
pp. E560-E565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Nieman ◽  
Kevin L. Schalinske
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Modifications in methyl group and homocysteine metabolism are associated with a number of pathologies, including vascular disease, cancer, and neural tube defects. A diabetic state is known to alter both methyl group and homocysteine metabolism, and glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) is a major regulatory protein that controls the supply and utilization of methyl groups. We have shown previously that diabetes induces GNMT expression and reduces plasma homocysteine pools by stimulating both its catabolism and folate-independent remethylation. This study was conducted to determine whether insulin plays a role in the control of homocysteine concentrations and GNMT as well as other key regulatory proteins. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (60 mg/kg body wt), and insulin-treated diabetic (1.0 U bid). After 5 days, rats were anesthetized (ketamine-xylazine) for procurement of blood and tissues. A 1.5-fold elevation in hepatic GNMT activity and hypohomocysteinemia in diabetic rats was completely prevented by insulin treatment. Additionally, diabetes-mediated alterations in methionine synthase, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and DNA methylation were also prevented by insulin. We hypothesize that the concentration of blood glucose may represent a regulatory signal to modify GNMT and homocysteine. In support of this, blood glucose concentrations were negatively correlated with total plasma homocysteine ( r = −0.75, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with GNMT activity ( r = 0.77, P < 0.001). Future research will focus on further elucidating the role of glucose or insulin as a signal for regulating homocysteine and methyl group metabolism.

Severe diabetes inhibits resistance exercise-induced increase in eukaryotic initiation factor 2B activity

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Kostyak ◽  
Scot R. Kimball ◽  
Leonard S. Jefferson ◽  
Peter A. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Partial Pancreatectomy ◽  
Severe Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Induced

Rates of protein synthesis are reduced in severely diabetic rats. A potential mechanism through which insulin can stimulate protein synthesis is modulation of the activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). The activity of this factor is elevated after exercise in nondiabetic rats but is markedly lower in skeletal muscle from nonexercised severely diabetic rats. We tested the hypothesis that a failure to increase eIF2B activity after exercise is one potential reason for a failure of severely diabetic rats to increase rates of protein synthesis after resistance exercise. Diabetic (partial pancreatectomy, plasma glucose >475 mg/dl) and nondiabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats (∼300 g) performed acute moderate-intensity resistance exercise or remained sedentary. Rates of protein synthesis were higher in nondiabetic rats and increased significantly with exercise, while no elevation was found in severely diabetic rats. The activity of eIF2B was higher ( P < 0.05) in exercised nondiabetic than in sedentary nondiabetic rats (0.096 ± 0.016 and 0.064 ± 0.02 pmol GDP exchanged/min, respectively), but no difference was observed between sedentary and exercised diabetic rats (0.037 ± 0.001 and 0.044 ± 0.008 pmol GDP exchanged/min, respectively), and these activities were lower ( P < 0.05) than in nondiabetic animals. These data suggest that severe hypoinsulinemia is associated with an inability to increase eIF2B activity in response to exercise.

scholarly journals Effect of Birhi Vaiety of Date Palm Fruits, (Phoenix dactylifera L.) at the Tamr Stage on Serum Glucose Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Mohammed O. Ibrahim ◽  
Mousa N. Ahmad ◽  
Hani J. Hamad ◽  
Wasfy J. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Palm Fruits

<p>This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a dietary preparation of Birhi tamr (<em>Phoenix dactylifera</em> L.) on serum glucose levels and body weight in normal, diabetic insulin-treated and diabetic insulin-untreated rats. Diabetes was partially induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (32.25 mg/kg). Thirty six male Sprague-Dawley rats (239 ± 8.4 g) were divided into two normal, two diabetic insulin-treated and two diabetic insulin-untreated groups. Each group was fed a diet containing either 0% or 10% tamr for six weeks. Fasting serum glucose levels were determined by enzymatic-calorimetric method using a standard kit procedure.Feeding 10% tamr did not show significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) in serum glucose levels in any of the normal and insulin-treated diabetic rats. Insulin-untreated diabetic rats fed 0% tamr or 10% tamr exhibited significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher serum glucose levels (496 ± 81.6, 315 ± 61.1 mg/dl respectively) compared to normal (147 ± 5.3, 156 ± 7.6 mg/dl respectively) and insulin-treated diabetic rats (227 ± 17.6, 268± 18.9 mg/dl respectively). Feeding 10% tamr to insulin-untreated rats induced significant (P &lt; 0.05) reduction in this variable. The findings of the present study may provide support for the favourable effect of date palm fruits as tamr, on blood glucose in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. This effect cannot be simply explained on the basis of the macro-nutrient composition of tamr. However, due to the apparent effects of tamr on blood glucose in normal and insulin-treated and insulin-untreated diabetic rats, the possible presence of insulin-like substance in tamr may not be excluded. The mechanism of action of the blood glucose-lowering effect of tamr awaits further investigation.</p>

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