scholarly journals Open field mirror test as a tool for the assessment of visual functions in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan ◽  
Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir ◽  
Igor Iezhitsa ◽  
Renu Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Behavioural Assessment

To evaluate the use of mirror test in an open field arena as a visual function assessment tool in a rodent model of diabetes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into diabetic rats, that received intraperitoneal streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight) for induction of diabetes, and control rats that similarly received citrate buffer. Rats with a blood glucose level of more than 20 mmol/L were considered diabetic. Blood glucose was monitored weekly throughout the experimental period. General behavioural assessment of the rats was done at week 12 post-induction using open field arena, followed by visual-behavioural assessment with mirror and reversed mirror added in the arena. Subsequently, rats were euthanised and subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) staining to assess changes in retinal morphology. In the open field test, diabetic rats showed a lesser number of zone crossings (3.73-fold, p<0.001), total distance travelled (2.02-fold, p<0.001), number of rearing episodes (2.22-fold, p<0.001) and number of grooming episodes (4.33-fold, p<0.01) but a greater number of freezing episodes (2.47-fold, p<0.001) and number of the faecal pellet (4.17-fold, p<0.01) compared to control rats. Control rats spent more time with higher zone entries toward mirrored than non-mirrored and reversed mirror zones (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively), whereas diabetic rats showed no preference for zones.  Normal rats also showed higher freezing episodes within the mirrored zone compared to diabetic rats (2.00-fold, p<0.05). The retinal morphometry showed significant thinning of various retinal layers in the diabetic group compared to control rats. Visual behavioural activities of diabetic rats in an open field arena with the presence of a mirror could detect the presence of visual loss. Changes in visual functions positively correlated with changes in retinal morphology. Therefore, an open field mirror test could be used as an alternative for assessing visual function in the rodent model of diabetes.

Anti-hyperglycaemic effects of dioxidovanadium complex cis-[VO2(obz)py] avert kidney dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Sprague–Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bonisiwe Mbatha ◽  
Andile Khathi ◽  
Ntethelelo Sibiya ◽  
Irvin Booysen ◽  
Patrick Mangundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Vanadium Complex ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Urinary Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Despite the success of antidiabetic drugs in alleviation of hyperglycaemia, diabetic complications, including renal dysfunction, continue to be a burden. This raises the need to seek alternative therapies that will alleviate these complications. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dioxidovanadium(V) complex cis-[VO2(obz)py] on renal function in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with cis-[VO2(obz)py] (40 mg·kg–1) twice every third day for five weeks. Diabetic untreated and insulin-treated rats served as the diabetic control and positive control, respectively. Blood glucose concentrations, water intake, urinary output, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored weekly for five weeks. Rats were then euthanized, and blood and kidney tissues were collected for biochemical analysis. Significant decreases in blood glucose concentrations, MAP, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and SGLT2 expression, as well as plasma angiotensin and aldosterone concentrations, were observed in the treated groups compared with the diabetic control. The complex also increased urinary glucose concentrations, antioxidant enzymes GPx and SOD concentrations, and decreased MDA concentrations and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) concentrations. These findings suggest that the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of this vanadium complex may ameliorate kidney dysfunction in diabetes.

scholarly journals Antecedent glycemic control reduces severe hypoglycemia-induced neuronal damage in diabetic rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (12) ◽  
pp. E1331-E1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace M. Reno ◽  
Tariq Tanoli ◽  
Adam Bree ◽  
Dorit Daphna-Iken ◽  
Chen Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Brain damage due to severe hypoglycemia occurs in insulin-treated people with diabetes. This study tests the hypothesis that chronic insulin therapy that normalizes elevated blood glucose in diabetic rats would be neuroprotective against brain damage induced by an acute episode of severe hypoglycemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were split into three groups: 1) control, non-diabetic; 2) STZ-diabetic; and 3) insulin-treated STZ-diabetic. After 3 wk of chronic treatment, unrestrained awake rats underwent acute hyperinsulinemic severe hypoglycemic (10–15 mg/dl) clamps for 1 h. Rats were subsequently analyzed for brain damage and cognitive function. Severe hypoglycemia induced 15-fold more neuronal damage in STZ-diabetic rats compared with nondiabetic rats. Chronic insulin treatment of diabetic rats, which nearly normalized glucose levels, markedly reduced neuronal damage induced by severe hypoglycemia. Fortunately, no cognitive defects associated with the hypoglycemia-induced brain damage were observed in any group. In conclusion, antecedent blood glucose control represents a major modifiable therapeutic intervention that can afford diabetic subjects neuroprotection against severe hypoglycemia-induced brain damage.

WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF SHEEP’S BLADDER EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN DIABETIC RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850015
Author(s):  
Bahare Zihayat ◽  
Arash Khodadadi ◽  
Molook Torabi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdipour ◽  
Mohsen Basiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Urinary Bladder Matrix ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

Diabetic ulcers (DUs) are a chronic, non-healing diabetes complication that leads to high hospital expenses and, in extreme cases, to amputation. Peripheral vascular diseases, diabetic neuropathy, abnormal cellular and cytokine activity are among the major factors that hinder diabetic wound healing. DUs represent an important challenge in the development of new and efficient wound dressings. The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been effectively used as a scaffold for constructive remodeling of multiple tissues in animal and human. Sheep’s urinary bladder matrix was evaluated for its wound healing activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using excision model. In this experiment, 48 male Sprague dawley rats weighing 220–250[Formula: see text]g were divided into four equal groups of control, vaseline, diabetics + (10[Formula: see text]mg/wound) and [Formula: see text] (50[Formula: see text]mg/wound). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45[Formula: see text]mg/kg B.W) solved in 0.05[Formula: see text]M citrate buffer. Seven days after confirming diabetes statue, skin wounds were created on the back of each rat. Rate of wound healing and histological assay using hematoxylin and Eosin staining (H&E) were used for evaluation of the wound healing in different groups. ECM treated animals exhibited significant improvement in both wound area and rate of wound healing when compared to controls ([Formula: see text]). The ECM treated wounds were found to epithelize faster as compared to controls. The sheep’s ECM promotes significant wound healing in male diabetic rats and further studies on this activity in animal models and humans are suggested.

scholarly journals Pharmacodynamics Drug Interactions of Metformin with Aspirin and Nifedipine

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khidir A. M. Hassan ◽  
Mahmoud M. E. Mudawi ◽  
Mansour I. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Diabetic Control Group

Metformin is now being recognized as the standard therapy in T2D patients who are overweight. Metformin has many drug-disease interactions that can increase the risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis. Therefore this study was conducted to evaluate any possible pharmacodynamic interactions between metformin and drugs used to treat chronic diseases e.g. Hypertension. The rats were fasted overnight before inducing diabetes with streptozotocin. The rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg kg−1) freshly prepared in 0.1M sodium citrate buffer. The diabetic state was confirmed 72 h after streptozotocin injection. Diabetic rats were grouped into seven groups each group of five rats and distributed among the normal control group diabetic control group and the treatment groups. The treatment continued for 10 days. Blood samples were taken before treatment and after 10 days and analyzed for serum glucose, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. In the diabetic control group which was given STZ alone the blood glucose level decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) after 10 days but still above the hyperglycemic level (200mg/dl). The same was observed in the group treated with metformin. The group treated with nifedipine and aspirin showed significant reduction (p &lt; 0.01) in the glucose level below the hyperglycemic level (200mg/dl). While the groups treated with (Metformin + Nifedipine) and (Metformin +Aspirin) showed highly significant reduction (P&lt;0.001) in blood glucose level. These results conclude that the combination of (metformin +Nifedipine) and the combination of (Metformin + Aspirin) have highly significant hypoglycemic effect. It also showed that Nifedipine has promising role in reducing blood glucose level, lipid profile especially LDL-cholesterol, and body weight.

scholarly journals Myrmecodia platytyrea Methanol Tuber Extract Ameliorates Hyperglycemia In STZ-Induced Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Male Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 338-348
Author(s):  
Mizaton Hazizul Hasan ◽  
Hasbullani Zakaria ◽  
Ibtisam Abdul Wahab ◽  
Thellie Ponto ◽  
Aishah Adam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tuber Extract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main non-communicable chronic diseases that has many complications that compromise the quality of life. Hence, the need to find alternatives to replace the current therapy or as an adjuvant. Tubers of Myrmecodia platytytrea (Rubiaceae) has been used traditionally as an alternative therapy for the management of cancer and other inflammatory-related disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of M. platytytrea methanolic tuber extract (MPMTE) as an antihyperglycemic agent, in vivo. :The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with MPMTE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and metformin (positive control, 100 mg/kg) daily for 14 days. Blood glucose level and other biochemistry analysis were conducted including histological examination on liver, kidney and pancreas.  The STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with MPMTE (200 and 400 mg/kg) had significant decreased (p<0.05) in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with no significant changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to STZ-induced untreated diabetic rats. Liver, kidney and pancreas were devoid of any damage caused by STZ.  MPMTE had strong antihyperglycaemic activity and was protective against any STZ-induced organ damage. Thus, MPMTE can be further developed into an adjuvant therapy for diabetic patients.

Concurrent increases in regional hematocrit and blood flow in diabetic rats: prevention by sorbinil

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. H945-H950 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Sutera ◽  
K. Chang ◽  
J. Marvel ◽  
J. R. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

These studies were undertaken to investigate the relationship between regional hemodynamic and hemorheological changes in the microvasculature of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body wt). Control rats were injected with vehicle (sodium citrate buffer). A subgroup of diabetic rats was treated with an aldose reductase inhibitor (sorbinil) added to the diet in an amount to provide a daily dose of approximately 0.2 mmol.kg-1.day-1. Three weeks later all animals were anesthetized with thiobutabarbital sodium (Inactin, 100 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally) for assessment of blood flow (by injection of 15 microns microspheres) and regional hematocrit (determined by isotope-dilution techniques using 51Cr-labeled red blood cells and 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin) in selected tissues. The hematocrit in arterial blood samples was identical (approximately 46%) in controls and in diabetics. Regional hematocrits were much lower than arterial hematocrits in control rats and ranged from approximately 20% in ocular tissues, sciatic nerve, diaphragm, and skin to approximately 30% in brain, skeletal muscle, heart, and fat. Hematocrits of diabetic rats were markedly increased in ocular tissues, sciatic nerve, and skin but not in brain, heart, or skeletal muscle. These increases in regional hematocrit were associated with increases in blood flow and were largely prevented by sorbinil. Diabetes induced significant decreases in the mean transit times for whole blood and erythrocytes in all tissues examined except brain, retina, and skin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of insulin, glucose and ACTH on corticosterone production by fetal adrenal cells from diabetic rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Conliffe ◽  
S. Mulay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Severe Diabetes

ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on Sprague–Dawley rats to determine whether changes in fetal corticosterone levels during maternal diabetes were caused by the accompanying fetal hyperinsulinaemia or fetal hyperglycaemia. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (30–45 mg/kg, i.v.) on day 2 of gestation. Fetal adrenals were removed on day 20 of gestation and cultured. Streptozotocin caused moderate (blood glucose 14–22·5 mmol/l) to severe (blood glucose >25 mmol/l) diabetes. Both moderate and severe diabetes caused a decrease in fetal body weights. Relative to non-diabetic controls, maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of corticosterone were higher in the severely and lower in the moderately diabetic rats. Corticosterone production by fetal adrenal cells from control and moderately diabetic rats was comparable, but cells from the severely diabetic animals produced significantly greater amounts of corticosterone than did control cells. Neither glucose (28 mmol/l) nor insulin (1 nmol/l) exerted significant effects on [3H]thymidine uptake or corticosterone production by fetal adrenal cells from non-diabetic, moderately diabetic or severely diabetic rats. Human ACTH (0·02–20 nmol/l) caused a concentration-dependent increase in corticosterone output of comparable magnitude by cells from all three groups of animals. These data suggest that fetal growth abnormalities during diabetic pregnancy are not directly related to changes in glucocorticoid levels and that changes in glucocorticoid levels are not caused by any direct action of fetal hyperinsulinaemia or hyperglycaemia on adrenal cells. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 393–399

scholarly journals Studies on the Antidiabetic Activities ofCordyceps militarisExtract in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Dong ◽  
Tianjiao Jing ◽  
Qingfan Meng ◽  
Chungang Liu ◽  
Shuang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidative Effects

Due to substantial morbidity and high complications, diabetes mellitus is considered as the third “killer” in the world. A search for alternative antidiabetic drugs from herbs or fungi is highly demanded. Our present study aims to investigate the antidiabetic activities ofCordyceps militarison diet-streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetic rats were orally administered with water extract or alcohol extract at 0.05 g/kg and 2 g/kg for 3 weeks, and then, the factors levels related to blood glucose, lipid, free radicals, and even nephropathy were determined. Pathological alterations on liver and kidney were examined. Data showed that, similar to metformin,Cordyceps militarisextracts displayed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels by promoting glucose metabolism and strongly suppressed total cholesterol and triglycerides concentration in serum.Cordyceps militarisextracts exhibit antioxidative effects indicated by normalized superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels. The inhibitory effects on blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and protein revealed the protection ofCordyceps militarisextracts against diabetic nephropathy, which was confirmed by pathological morphology reversion. Collectively,Cordyceps militarisextract, a safe pharmaceutical agent, presents excellent antidiabetic and antinephropathic activities and thus has great potential as a new source for diabetes treatment.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens L) terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Tikus Diabetes Melitus yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Endang Widhiyastuti ◽  
Mastuti Widi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sugar Levels

Diabetes which is well-known in the community as diabetes in Indonesia is a chronic disease, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot utilize the insulin produced by its own products. The Provision of antioxidants in DM mice can reduce blood sugar levels. One of the herbs that can be used for control and management of blood sugar in diabetes is swollen koro. Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens L) is a plant that can be used as an alternative treatment because it contains antioxidants that can maintain health without causing toxic effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of giving koro benguk coffee (Mucuna pruriens L) on blood sugar levels of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus Rats. This study is an experimental study of Sprague Dawley mice. A total of 35 male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each: normal control (K1); diabetes control (K2); diabetic rats were given a large coffee extract 0.63 mg / g BW rat (P1); diabetic rats were given a large infusion of coffee koro 1.26 mg / g BW rats (P2). Diabetic rats were given an infusion of coffee koro benguk20,52 mg / g BW rats. Fasting blood glucose (GDP) levels were analyzed weekly for 3 weeks using the GOD-PAP method. The results of the study showed a decrease in blood sugar for 4 times the observation time in almost all treatment groups except the positive control group. The conclusions in this study were the provision of related coffee (Mucuna pruriens L) can reduce fasting blood glucose levels in Sprague Dawley rats with diabetes models significantly compared to controls.

scholarly journals Expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related factors in the periodontal tissue of experimental diabetic rats: a histomorphometric, microtomographic and immunohistochemical study

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11577
Author(s):  
Youmin Mei ◽  
Xiang Shen ◽  
Xiaoqian Wang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Qiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
And Control

Objective This study aimed to investigate the expression of autophagy-related factors microtubule-associated protein l light chain 3 (LC3) and the apoptosis-related factors BCL2-associated X protein (Bax) and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the periodontal tissue of experimental diabetic rats. These data were used to explore the potential mechanism in diabetes-induced periodontal tissue lesions. Methods A total of 32 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into diabetes (group D, n = 16) and control groups (group N, n = 16). The diabetic group was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1% streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg) and the control group was injected with citrate buffer (0.1mol/L). Rats were sacrificed after 4 and 8 weeks of feeding and collected as D1, N1 groups and D2, N2 groups, and the maxilla were retained for analysis. The changes in periodontal tissue structure were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression and distribution of LC3, Bax and Bcl-2 in the periodontium of the rats was detected by immunohistochemical (SP) staining. Results Diabetic rats showed several changes compared to control animals including sparse alveolar bone trabecular structure, loss of the lamina dura and absorption of the local alveolar bone. The positive expression level of LC3 in the gingival epithelial, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone of group D1 was significantly higher than in the N1, N2 and D2 groups (P < 0.05). The level of Bax expression in the group D2 rats was significantly higher than those in the N1, N2 and D1 groups (P < 0.05), while the positive degree of Bcl-2 was significantly lower than those of other groups (P < 0.001). LC3 was negatively correlated with Bax and was irrelevant with Bcl-2; Bcl-2 was not correlated with Bax. Conclusions The expression of LC3, Bax and Bcl-2 changes in the periodontal tissue of diabetic rats may indicate that autophagy and apoptotic are involved in the process of periodontal tissue damage in diabetic rats. These changes may be one of the mechanisms of periodontal tissue lesions.

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