Role of testicular macrophages in the response of Leydig cells to gonadotrophins in young hypophysectomized rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gaytan ◽  
C Bellido ◽  
C Morales ◽  
N van Rooijen ◽  
E Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Testicular Macrophages

Abstract The Leydig cells of young hypophysectomized rats are highly sensitive to the stimulatory effects of exogenous pituitary hormones. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of testicular macrophages in the response of Leydig cells to different hormones. Male rats were hypophysectomized at 28 days of age and 10 days later they were injected intratesticularly with dichloromethylene diphosphonate-containing liposomes (right testis) to deplete testicular macrophages, and with 0·9% NaCl (left testis). One week later, the animals were treated daily with 1 IU rat GH (rGH)/rat, 5 IU recombinant human FSH (recFSH)/rat, 10 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)/rat, or vehicle for 7 days. The animals were killed on the day after the last injection. The animals treated with rGH showed increased body weight and increased number and size of testicular macrophages in the left testes, but no significant effects on Leydig cells were found. Treatment with recFSH induced a significant increase in testicular weight and tubular diameter in both testes. In the left testes, the number and size of macrophages were increased; the number of Leydig cells was not changed, although they showed a significantly increased cross-sectional area. This effect was abolished in the right (macrophage-depleted) testes. However, the effect of recFSH on the growth of the seminiferous tubules was not modified by the absence of macrophages. Rats treated with hCG showed increased testicular weight and serum testosterone levels, as well as an increased weight of the ventral prostate. In the left testes, the number and size of both macrophages and Leydig cells were increased. Otherwise, the number of Leydig cells was unchanged in the absence of macrophages, whereas the increase in the size of Leydig cells was partially abolished. These data indicate that testicular macrophages are needed for the response of Leydig cells to gonadotrophin treatment. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 147, 463–471

Re-evaluation of the intratesticular level of testosterone required for quantitative maintenance of spermatogenesis in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Sharpe ◽  
K. Donachie ◽  
I. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Ether Anaesthesia ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Testicular Morphology ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes

ABSTRACT The amount of testosterone required for quantitative maintenance of spermatogenesis has been re-evaluated using techniques aimed at minimizing the synthesis of testosterone after removal of the testis. Adult male rats were treated with ethane dimethane-sulphonate (EDS) to destroy the Leydig cells, and were supplemented with 25, 5 or 1 mg testosterone esters by injection every 3 days for 21 days. Serum hormone levels, testicular morphology and spermatogenesis were assessed and the intratesticular levels of testosterone compared in testes either removed under ether anaesthesia and placed in liquid nitrogen (right testis) or removed after collection of blood and placed in ice (left testis). Data for testosterone-supplemented rats were compared with those for control rats and rats treated with EDS alone. All doses of testosterone suppressed LH and FSH levels in serum to within the hypophysectomized range, and Leydig cell regeneration in EDS-treated rats was prevented completely. Treatment of EDS-injected rats with 25 or 5 mg testosterone maintained testicular weight, the number of germ cells and the diameter of seminiferous tubules at stage VII within or above the control range, although there was a significant increase in the number of degenerating pachytene spermatocytes at stage VII with 5 but not 25 mg testosterone; none of these parameters was maintained at control levels by a dose of 1 mg testosterone. Levels of testosterone in testosterone-supplemented rats differed little between testes collected in ice and liquid nitrogen, but in controls and rats treated with EDS alone, testosterone levels were overestimated by 75 and 27% respectively when comparing testes collected in ice with those collected in liquid nitrogen. This suggests that synthesis of testosterone does occur after removal and cooling of the testes. Using the data for testes collected in liquid nitrogen, the present results suggest that intratesticular levels of testosterone need to be maintained at 24–46% of control values (i.e. higher than previously shown) for quantitative maintenance of spermatogenesis, although it is argued that even these values probably still represent underestimates. J. Endocr. (1988) 117, 19–26

Involvement of physiological prolactin levels in growth and prolactin receptor content of prostate glands and testes in developing male rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pérez-Villamil ◽  
E. Bordiú ◽  
M. Puente-Cueva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Testicular Weight

ABSTRACT We have investigated the role of physiological prolactin levels in the development of prepubertal male rats. Prolactin GH and testosterone levels, as well as body, ventral prostate and testicular weight, have been analysed in both control and bromocriptine-treated rats between 21 and 60 days of life. Furthermore the role of prolactin in the regulation of its own receptors has also been studied during the same period. In control rats, prolactin levels showed a prepubertal peak of secretion at 25 days of age. At this time GH and testosterone levels were low and did not show any significant variation. After this age, prolactin levels increased more gradually; determinations of GH showed great variation with low levels in most of the rats and very high values in the other animals; testosterone levels remained low until day 35 after which they increased. Simultaneously with the serum prolactin peak on day 25, a decrease in prolactin-binding capacity of ventral prostate glands, was observed and a maximum rate of body, prostate and testicular weight gain was obtained. Furthermore, in rats with pharmacologically suppressed serum prolactin levels (lower than 1 μg/l), prolactin binding to prostate glands as well as the weight of body, ventral prostate and testes were lower than in control animals. When results were expressed in mg prostate or testes/g body weight, testes from 25-day-old treated rats weighed significantly less than controls. The later stages of development, from days 25 to 60, were characterized by an initial decline in serum prolactin levels at 29 days of age which was followed by a continuous increase until adult values were reached. During this period, prostatic prolactin receptors which were at their lowest value at 33 days of age showed a gradual rise parallel with the observed increase in plasma prolactin levels. When testicular tissue was analysed, no changes in prolactin-binding sites caused by sexual maturation were observed. The present results indicate that physiological prolactin secretion has a specific effect on the normal increase in the prostate, testes and body weight and clearly is also implicated in the regulation of its prostatic receptors at the earlier stages of development. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 132, 449–459

scholarly journals Role of Alpha Lipoic Acid in Ameliorating the Histological Alterations of Pituitary-Testicular Axis –induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alwan ◽  
Baraa Al-Okialy
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Testicular Weight

The present study was aimed to investigate the role of alpha-lipoic acid ( ALA) as an antioxidant against in ameliorating histological disorders of pituitary- testicular axis- induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in adult Wistar rats. Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 rats /group) and were handled daily as follows for 56 days: Control group ( C) were intubated distilled water and received ordinary tap water; group T1 were intubated 60mg/kg B.W of ALA and received ordinary tap water; group T2 were administered H2O2 in tap water at a concentration of 0.05%, while group T3 were intubated 60mg/kg B.W of ALA and received ordinary tap water containing 0.05% H2O2. At the end of the experiment, body weights were recorded, then pituitary and testes were excised for histopathological study and testicular weight was recorded too. Rats administered H2O2 showed a significant decrease in testes weight to body weight ratio accompanied with major histopathological changes of the testes in comparison with other groups including; a significant decrease in the diameter of seminiferous tubules, high of germinal epithelial cell and degenerative changes with incomplete spermatogenesis. Besides, a significant decrease in the number of Leydig's cells in comparison with other experimental groups. Furthermore, pituitary gland of group T2 manifested a severe histological alteration in architecture characterized by atrophy with marked necrotic and degenerative changes. Whereas, rats administered ALA (group T3) shows an improvement of histological changes of pituitary and testicular tissues induced by hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, the results indicated that alpha-lipoic acid mitigated pituitary-testicular dysfunctions induced by H2O2 through its antioxidant effects via scavenging free radicals.

Effects of recombinant human FSH in immature hypophysectomized male rats: evidence for Leydig cell-mediated action on spermatogenesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Matikainen ◽  
J Toppari ◽  
K K Vihko ◽  
I Huhtaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
First Time ◽  
Recombinant Human Fsh

Abstract The mode of FSH actions within the testis was studied in immature hypophysectomized male rats by treatment with recombinant human FSH (recFSH, Org 32489). To elucidate the involvement of Leydig cells and androgens in the maintenance of spermatogenesis in FSH-treated hypophysectomized rats further, the recFSH treatment was given both alone and after destruction of Leydig cells with ethane-1,2-dimethane sulphonate (EDS). Three days after hypophysectomy (at 31 days of age) the rats were given one i.p. injection of vehicle or EDS and, 4 days later, they were implanted with osmotic minipumps releasing either 0·9% (w/v) NaCl or 1 IU recFSH/day. Recombinant FSH alone increased testicular weights 2·5-fold in 7 days (P<0·01). The effect of FSH was similar in EDS-pretreated rats (P<0·01). Testicular testosterone increased from 6·5 ± 1·6 to 16·9 ± 5·3 (s.e.m.) pmol/g tissue (P<0·05) and serum testosterone from 0·12 ± 0·02 to 0·22 ± 0·03 nmol/l (P<0·05) when the rats were treated with recFSH. EDS alone did not affect testicular testosterone but, when combined with recFSH, it totally abolished the stimulatory effect of FSH on testosterone. Testicular binding of 125I-labelled iodo human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and 125I-labelled iodo recFSH was increased 2·5- and 2·1-fold respectively with recFSH treatment (P<0·01). EDS, either alone or with FSH, abolished specific testicular hCG binding (P<0·01), but had no effect on that of recFSH. However, FSH increased its own receptors only in animals not treated with EDS. Histological analysis of the testes revealed that the diameters of the seminiferous tubules increased from 115 ± 6·1 to 160 ± 7·2 μm (P<0·05) with recFSH, and a comparable increase was observed when EDS treatment preceded that of recFSH (143 ± 1·5 μm, P<0·05 vs. controls). Quantification of the spermatogenic cells indicated that recFSH supported the progression of spermatogenesis, as shown by increased number of meiotic and haploid spermatogenic cells (P<0·05). In all EDS-treated animals, spermatogenesis was severely disturbed and only a few spermatids were seen. In conclusion: (1) these results further support the suggestion that FSH has indirect stimulatory effects on Leydig cell function, (2) the completion of meiosis and spermiogenesis are supported by FSH, the effect of which is enhanced by the presence of Leydig cells, suggesting its dependence on androgens, and (3) we show for the first time that FSH is able to stimulate its own receptors only in the presence of Leydig cell-derived factors, probably androgens. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 141, 449–457

Effect of oral administration of carbofuran on male reproductive system of rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 889-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pant ◽  
AK Prasad ◽  
SC Srivastava ◽  
R. Shankar ◽  
SP Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease

1 Carbofuran was administered orally to adult male rats at dose levels of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 mg kg -1 body weight, 5 d wk-1 for 60 days. A dose dependent decrease was observed in body weight of rats treated with 0.2-0.8 mg carbofuran kg -1 body weight 2 A significant decrease in the weight of epididymides, seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and coagulating glands was observed at various test doses of carbofuran except at the lowest dose. 3 Decreased sperm motility, reduced epididymal sperm count along with increased morphological abnormali ties in head, neck and tail regions of spermatozoa were observed in rats exposed to 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg carbo furan kg-1 body weight. 4 In addition, significant alterations were observed in the activities of marker testicular enzymes viz. sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase (G6PDH) (decreased), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) (increased) depending on dose. 5 Histologically, the results indicated the toxicity of carbo furan on testes depending on dose. The changes pre dominantly consisted of moderate oedema, congestion, damage to Sertoli cells and germ cells, along with the accumulation of cellular debris and presence of giant cells in the lumen of a few seminiferous tubules which showed disturbed spermatogenesis with the higher doses of carbofuran. 6 These observations determined a no effect level dose of 0.1 mg kg-1 body weight of carbofuran on the biochemi cal and morphological indices studied for male repro ductive toxicity assessment in the rat model. The results of the present study provide first hand information on the reproductive toxicity of carbofuran in male rats.

Carcinoma of the Horn in a Cryptorchid Bull

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Naik ◽  
H.P. Randelia ◽  
R.D Dabholkar
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Significant Difference

The first histologically confirmed case of carcinoma of the horn in a bilaterally cryptorchid Malvi bull, detected during an epidemiological survey, is reported. Examinations of 78,024 bullocks and 1,468 bulls, belonging to 7 different Zebu breeds revealed horn cancer in 793 bullocks and 1 cryptorchid bull but not in a normal bull. Histologically cryptorchid testes were devoid of spermatogenesis and had hyperplasia of Leydig cells. The remnant of castrated testes had only seminiferous tubules with coagulative necrosis and were devoid of spermatogenesis and Leydig cells. The significant difference in the incidence of HC in bullocks and cows and its absence in bulls is discussed in the light of the role of hormone in the causation of HC.

scholarly journals Testosterone immunoreactivity in the seminiferous epithelium of rat testis: effect of treatment with ethane dimethanesulfonate.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1667-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Schulz ◽  
F Paris ◽  
P Lembke ◽  
V Blüm
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Testicular Weight

Androgens drive spermatogenesis by processes that are largely unknown. Direct effects on germ cells and indirect effects mediated via testicular somatic elements are currently under consideration, and specific localization of androgens in seminiferous tubules may provide information as regards this. Adult male rats were injected with ethane dimethanesulfonate (EDS; 75 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle. Testes were fixed and paraffin-embedded for localization of testosterone immunoreactivity 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, using the unlabeled antibody (PAP) technique. Plasma testosterone dropped from a pre-treatment level of 2.3 ng/ml to below 0.2 ng/ml 3 days after EDS injection and remained at low levels until the end of observation, accompanied by a progressive decrease in testicular weight. In the seminiferous tubules of vehicle-injected males, testosterone immunoreactivity was found in nuclei of spermatocytes and spermatids and in nuclei and the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, and showed typical variations according to the stage of spermatogenesis. One week after EDS treatment, immunoreactivity had disappeared from the seminiferous epithelium. Two weeks after treatment, staining of germ cells was detected in two out of four males. The disappearance and reappearance of immunoreactivity coincided with the time course of EDS effects on rat Leydig cells, and we conclude that it corresponds to androgen specifically localized in fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Because staining of germ cell nuclei varied with the stage of spermatogenesis, the technique may detect a physiologically relevant androgen fraction; its location suggests that androgens may also directly affect certain germ cell stages.

TESTICULAR HISTO-MORPHOLOGY OF YOUNG RATS TREATED WITH OESTRADIOL-17β BENZOATE

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Maqueo ◽  
Fred A. Kind
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

ABSTRACT Oestradiol-17β benzoate, 120 βg, injected into five-day old male rats inhibited maturation of the seminiferous epithelium as demonstrated by histological studies performed 40–55 days post-treatment. The oestrogen treatment was ineffective when administered at the age of 20 days. The degree of testicular damage appeared to be correlated with the amount of steroid used. A dose of 240 μg of oestradiol benzoate led to severe pathological changes in almost 100 per cent of the seminiferous tubules and atrophy of the Leydig cells.

HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-TESTICULAR SYSTEM FOLLOWING TESTICULAR X-IRRADIATION

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Verjans ◽  
K. B. Eik-Nes
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Unknown Factor ◽  
X Irradiation

ABSTRACT Testes of adult, male rats were exposed to a total dose of 1500 R of X-irradiation. Testicular weight decreased from day 8 after X-ray treatment. This decrease was, however, preceded by an increment of the testis weight on day 4 following treatment. X-ray treatment of testes was associated with significant increases in serum FSH. Testicular irradiation had, however, no effect on ventral prostate and seminal vesicles weights. Serum testosterone increased only on day 1, 2 and 4 after irradiation, while serum LH levels tended to increase from day 8 post-irradiation. These changes were not significant, however, when compared with non-irradiated controls. At 7, 13 and 20 days following 1500 R of bilateral, testicular X-irradiation, the hypothalamic-pituitary unit was still capable of responding to exogenous gonadotrophin releasing factor. Serum FSH may in male rats be regulated at least partly by circulating steroids of testicular origin and partly by an unknown factor of non-interstitial cell nature.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF RED DRAGON FRUIT SKIN EXTRACT (Hylocereus polyrhizus) ON THE NUMBER OF LEYDIG CELLS, DIAMETER OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, AND TESTICULAR WEIGHT OF MALE MICE (Mus musculus) EXPOSURED WITH HOT TEMPERATURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kukuh Prastyaningtyas ◽  
Rochmah Kurnijasanti ◽  
Rahmi Sugihartuti ◽  
Suherni Susilowati ◽  
Tri Wahyu Suprayogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

This study aims to determine the effect of red dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit peel extract (RDFPE) on the parameters of Leydig cells number, seminiferous tubules diameter, and testicular weight of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to heat (40°C). Twenty adult male mice were divided randomly into five groups. The control group (C) mice only received a placebo. Meanwhile, the treatment groups mice were exposed to heat for 45 minutes daily for 36 days and oral administration of placebo, RDFPE of 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg BW for T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The result showed that heat exposure on mice (T0 group) caused a lower of all of the parameters (p <0.05) than normal mice (control group, C). RDFPE administration at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW (T1 group) and 500 mg/kg BW (T2 group) resulted in a higher value of those parameters (p <0.05) compared to the T0 group. All those parameters of the T2 group (dose of 500 mg/kg BW) were not significantly different (p >0.05) than the control group (normal mice). However, the higher dose of RDFPE (1000 mg/kg BW, T3 group) resulted in the lower values of those parameters (p <0.05) than those of the T2 group. It could be concluded that 500mg/kg BW dose of RDFPE could return Leydig cells number, seminiferous tubules diameter, and testicular weight of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to heat.

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