The Analysis of the Causes of Generational Conflict: the Generational Conflict between Age Groups of the 20s and the 70s from the Perspective of the Generation Status Theory

ABSTRACTIn the United States, much attention has recently been directed to the issue of whether the welfare system has become over-generous to the retired population, at the expense of families with children. The proportion of the US elderly population living in poverty has fallen significantly in the last fifteen years while the number of poor children has increased rapidly, and it has been suggested that this lack of investment in the next generation of workers may have disastrous longterm consequences for the U.S. economy. This paper considers whether similar trends are evident in Britain. It reviews data on the poverty and income of the elderly population, and finds little unequivocal evidence of relative economic gain over the last two decades, although it is clear that many children have suffered from the recent rise in unemployment-induced poverty. It also looks at direct public expenditure on the elderly through both the pension and the health and personal social services systems, and finds no evidence of a transfer of public resources away from children and towards the elderly population. The paper concludes that the British welfare state has been remarkably neutral in its allocation of resources between generations, and that, in the British context, any discussion of inter-generational conflict for welfare resources establishes a false dichotomy, because economic inequality within broad age groups is much greater than inequality between age groups.

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Catholicism and Nationalism in the Views of the Younger Generation of Lithuanian Clergy in the Late-Nineteenth And Early-Twentieth Centuries

Lithuanian Historical Studies ◽

10.30965/25386565-00501007 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 113-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vilma Žaltauskaitė

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Turn Of The Century ◽

Generation Gap ◽

Generational Conflict ◽

Historical Scholarship ◽

National Movement ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Younger Generation ◽

The Relationship

In historical scholarship the attitudes of the clergy at the turn of the century are often referred to as a generational conflict between older and younger clergymen. In this paper an attempt is made to establish the basis of the conflict and the extent to which it depended on the differences in age and outlook – in the different interpretations of the ratio between nationalism and Catholicism. The analysis of Catholic texts suggests that the ideological differentiation of the clergy can only partly be accounted for by the generation gap. The confrontation ’the young versus the old’ was conditioned by different conceptions of the clergy’s duties and the relationship between Catholicism and nationalism rather than by the conflict of their age groups. Clergymen treating Lithuanian national movement positively advocated the synthesis of Catholicism and (Lithuanian) nationalism, while others considered Catholicism as a universal dimension and supported the idea of political Lithuanian-Polish union against Lithuanian modern nationalism.

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Perceptions of Generational Conflict Among Three Age Groups in South Korea

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.3027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 833-833

Author(s):

Ahyoung Lee ◽

Soondool Chung ◽

Juhyun Kim

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Social Welfare ◽

Generational Differences ◽

Online Survey ◽

Age Groups ◽

Generational Conflict ◽

Dyadic Relationship ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Digital Devices ◽

Family Politics

Abstract After rapid industrialization during the past few decades, the gap between generations in South Korea has widened and the issue of generational conflict is being discussed as a social problem (Chung & Lim, 2018). The purpose of this study is to find out how each generation perceives generational conflict in the areas of family, politics, economy and social welfare, and culture. An online survey of 1,000 adults aged 20 and over was conducted nationwide in South Korea in January, 2021 with three age groups: the youngest group aged 20-39, mid-age group of 40- 64 and the oldest group of 65 and over. The questionnaire was created using the items developed by a previous research that used a Delphi technique (Chung, 2020). Participants answered how serious they perceive generational conflict in the dyadic relationship on 5-point Likert scales. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and t-tests have been performed to see the generational differences. Results show that the youngest group and the oldest group perceive the highest level of generational conflict each other in the areas of culture and politics. In cultural aspects, ‘use of slang among the same group’, ‘Ability to utilize digital devices’ were the items that had the highest level of conflict. In the political realm, progressive vs. conservative ideology was the area of the highest conflict. In addition, t-test results showed that the oldest group perceived generational conflict even deeper than the youngest group in the ‘economy and social welfare’ and cultural areas. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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An Ultrastructural Study of the Proliferation Patterns of the Reserve Cells of the Human Cervix Uteri

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100093651 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 80-81

Author(s):

Takanori Sohda ◽

Hiroshi Saito ◽

Goro Asano ◽

Katsunari Fukushi ◽

Katsuya Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrastructural Study ◽

Age Groups ◽

Point Of View ◽

University Hospital ◽

Cervix Uteri ◽

Morphological Aspect ◽

Functional Aspect ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Human Cervix ◽

Morphological Patterns

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.

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Effects of aging on axon terminals in the dentate molecular layer

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128924 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 928-929

Author(s):

K. Cullen-Dockstader ◽

E. Fifkova

Keyword(s):

Granule Cells ◽

Molecular Layer ◽

Age Groups ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Male Rats ◽

Perforant Path ◽

Axon Terminals ◽

Fischer 344 ◽

Spatial Memory Deficit ◽

Effects Of Aging

Normal aging results in a pronounced spatial memory deficit associated with a rapid decay of long-term potentiation at the synapses between the perforant path and spines in the medial and distal thirds of the dentate molecular layer (DML), suggesting the alteration of synaptic transmission in the dentate fascia. While the number of dentate granule cells remains unchanged, and there are no obvious pathological changes in these cells associated with increasing age, the density of their axospinous contacts has been shown to decrease. There are indications that the presynaptic element is affected by senescence before the postsynaptic element, yet little attention has been given to the fine structure of the remaining axon terminals. Therefore, we studied the axon terminals of the perforant path in the DML across three age groups.5 Male rats (Fischer 344) of each age group (3, 24 and 30 months), were perfused through the aorta.

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RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20170101 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 533-537

Author(s):

Lorenz von Seidlein ◽

Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽

Podjanee Jittmala ◽

Sasithon Pukrittayakamee

Keyword(s):

Protective Efficacy ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Phase Iii ◽

European Medicines Agency ◽

Older Children ◽

Pivotal Phase ◽

Malaria Epidemiology ◽

Maximum Benefit ◽

Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

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Cognitive Load Affects Speech Motor Performance Differently in Older and Younger Adults

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 1258-1277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Megan K. MacPherson

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Load ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incongruent Condition ◽

Sentence Production ◽

Movement Duration ◽

Production Task ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Speech Motor

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive load imposed by a speech production task on the speech motor performance of healthy older and younger adults. Response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory were the primary cognitive processes of interest.MethodTwelve healthy older and 12 healthy younger adults produced multiple repetitions of 4 sentences containing an embedded Stroop task in 2 cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. The incongruent condition, which required participants to suppress orthographic information to say the font colors in which color words were written, represented an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which word text and font color matched. Kinematic measures of articulatory coordination variability and movement duration as well as a behavioral measure of sentence production accuracy were compared between groups and conditions and across 3 sentence segments (pre-, during-, and post-Stroop).ResultsIncreased cognitive load in the incongruent condition was associated with increased articulatory coordination variability and movement duration, compared to the congruent Stroop condition, for both age groups. Overall, the effect of increased cognitive load was greater for older adults than younger adults and was greatest in the portion of the sentence in which cognitive load was manipulated (during-Stroop), followed by the pre-Stroop segment. Sentence production accuracy was reduced for older adults in the incongruent condition.ConclusionsIncreased cognitive load involving response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory processes within a speech production task disrupted both the stability and timing with which speech was produced by both age groups. Older adults' speech motor performance may have been more affected due to age-related changes in cognitive and motoric functions that result in altered motor cognition.

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Perceptions of Stuttering of Different Age Groups

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_pers-sig4-2018-0007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1311-1315

Author(s):

Sergey M. Kondrashov ◽

John A. Tetnowski

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

School Age Children ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

School Age ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Self Perception ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

Self Rating ◽

Comparison Results ◽

Subject Pool

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions of stuttering of school-age children who stutter and those of adults who stutter through the use of the same tools that could be commonly used by clinicians. Method Twenty-three participants across various ages and stuttering severity were administered both the Stuttering Severity Instrument–Fourth Edition (SSI-4; Riley, 2009 ) and the Wright & Ayre Stuttering Self-Rating Profile ( Wright & Ayre, 2000 ). Comparisons were made between severity of behavioral measures of stuttering made by the SSI-4 and by age (child/adult). Results Significant differences were obtained for the age comparison but not for the severity comparison. Results are explained in terms of the correlation between severity equivalents of the SSI-4 and the Wright & Ayre Stuttering Self-Rating Profile scores, with clinical implications justifying multi-aspect assessment. Conclusions Clinical implications indicate that self-perception and impact of stuttering must not be assumed and should be evaluated for individual participants. Research implications include further study with a larger subject pool and various levels of stuttering severity.

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Impairment Tutorial: Rating Tears of the Acetabular Labrum

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2006.novdec02 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 4-7

Author(s):

Charles N. Brooks ◽

Richard E. Strain ◽

James B. Talmage

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Hip Arthroscopy ◽

Age Groups ◽

Limited Range ◽

Labral Repair ◽

X Rays ◽

Joint Stability ◽

Acetabular Labrum ◽

Complete Excision ◽

Limited Range Of Motion

Abstract The primary function of the acetabular labrum, like that of the glenoid, is to deepen the socket and improve joint stability. Tears of the acetabular labrum are common in older adults but occur in all age groups and with equal frequency in males and females. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is silent about rating tears, partial or complete excision, or repair of the acetabular labrum. Provocative tests to detect acetabular labrum tears involve hip flexion and rotation; all rely on production of pain in the groin (typically), clicking, and/or locking with passive or active hip motions. Diagnostic tests or procedures rely on x-rays, conventional arthrography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA), and hip arthroscopy. Hip arthroscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis but is the most invasive and most likely to result in complications, and MRA is about three times more sensitive and accurate in detecting acetabular labral tears than MRI alone. Surgical treatment for acetabular labrum tears usually consists of arthroscopic debridement; results tend to be better in younger patients. In general, an acetabular labral tear, partial labrectomy, or labral repair warrants a rating of 2% lower extremity impairment. Evaluators should avoid double dipping (eg, using both a Diagnosis-related estimates and limited range-of-motion tests).

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Acute Pancreatitis in the Upper Age Groups

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(59)80037-8 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 675-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Elmer Hoffman ◽

Ermelo Perez ◽

Vicente Somera

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Age Groups

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