Canine Carboxyl- and Hydroxyl-Containing Metabolites Altered after a Three-Week Supplementation of Cannabidiol (CBD)-Containing Treats in an Exploratory Study

Untargeted metabolomics has been increasingly used to evaluate metabolic alterations caused by diet, disease, or other factors in animals. The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the impact of Cannabidiol (CBD) supplementation on the canine carboxyl and hydroxyl submetabolomes. Sixteen dogs (18.2 ± 3.4 kg BW) were utilized in a completely randomized design with treatments consisting of control and 4 mg CBD/kg BW/d. After 21 d of treatment, blood was collected approximately 2 h after morning treat consumption. Plasma collected from samples was analyzed using CIL/LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics to analyze carboxyl- and hydroxyl-containing metabolites. Metabolites that differed (fold change (FC) ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 and FDR ≤ 0.05) between the two treatments were identified using a volcano plot. Biomarker analysis based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves was performed to identify biomarker candidates (area under ROC ≥ 0.90) of the effects of CBD supplementation. Volcano plot analysis revealed that 42 carboxyl-containing metabolites and 32 hydroxyl-containing metabolites were differentially altered (FC ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83, FDR ≤ 0.05) by CBD; these metabolites were involved in the metabolism of lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and more. Biomarker analysis identified 23 carboxyl-containing metabolites and 15 hydroxyl-containing metabolites as candidate biomarkers of the effects of CBD (area under ROC ≥ 0.90; P<0.01). Results of this study indicate that 4 mg CBD/kg BW/d supplemented for 3-weeks altered the canine carboxyl and hydroxyl submetabolomes and may indicate potential mechanisms by which CBD exerts some of its effects. Future work is warranted to investigate these potential mechanisms.

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Alteration of the Canine Metabolome After a 3-Week Supplementation of Cannabidiol (CBD) Containing Treats: An Exploratory Study of Healthy Animals

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.685606 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth M. Morris ◽

Susanna E. Kitts-Morgan ◽

Dawn M. Spangler ◽

Ibukun M. Ogunade ◽

Kyle R. McLeod ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Companion Animals ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Volcano Plot ◽

Plot Analysis ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Plasma Metabolome ◽

Physiological Relevance ◽

Biomarker Analysis ◽

Canine Plasma ◽

The Impact

Despite the increased interest and widespread use of cannabidiol (CBD) in humans and companion animals, much remains to be learned about its effects on health and physiology. Metabolomics is a useful tool to evaluate changes in the health status of animals and to analyze metabolic alterations caused by diet, disease, or other factors. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of CBD supplementation on the canine plasma metabolome. Sixteen dogs (18.2 ± 3.4 kg BW) were utilized in a completely randomized design with treatments consisting of control and 4.5 mg CBD/kg BW/d. After 21 d of treatment, blood was collected ~2 h after treat consumption. Plasma collected from samples was analyzed using CIL/LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics to analyze amine/phenol- and carbonyl-containing metabolites. Metabolites that differed — fold change (FC) ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 and false discovery ratio (FDR) ≤ 0.05 — between the two treatments were identified using a volcano plot. Biomarker analysis based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was performed to identify biomarker candidates (area under ROC ≥ 0.90) of the effects of CBD supplementation. Volcano plot analysis revealed that 32 amine/phenol-containing metabolites and five carbonyl-containing metabolites were differentially altered (FC ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83, FDR ≤ 0.05) by CBD; these metabolites are involved in the metabolism of amino acids, glucose, vitamins, nucleotides, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Biomarker analysis identified 24 amine/phenol-containing metabolites and 1 carbonyl-containing metabolite as candidate biomarkers of the effects of CBD (area under ROC ≥ 0.90; P < 0.01). Results of this study indicate that 3 weeks of 4.5 mg CBD/kg BW/d supplementation altered the canine metabolome. Additional work is warranted to investigate the physiological relevance of these changes.

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The impact of Caesalpinia sappan L. powder addition on the quality attributes of white and milk chocolates

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202133201002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 332 ◽

pp. 01002

Author(s):

Elinda Okstaviyani ◽

Kawiji ◽

Raden Baskara Katri Anandhito ◽

Asri Nursiwi ◽

Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhamnmad

Keyword(s):

Quality Attributes ◽

Physical Analysis ◽

Wood Powder ◽

Polyphenol Content ◽

Caesalpinia Sappan ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Powder Addition ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Impact

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is a spice that has a high polyphenol content and has the potential to enrich the chocolate taste. This study evaluated the panelists’ acceptance and physical analysis (color and hardness) of white and milk compound chocolate with the addition of Sappan wood powder (0 %, 5%, 10%, 15%) by implementing a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment with one factor. The results showed that the addition of Sappan wood powder could reduce the panelists’ preference at the parameters of color, aroma, taste, texture and overalls. Hence, Panelists preferred white and milk compound chocolate without the addition of Sappan wood powder. Results of the physical analysis showed that the addition of Sappan wood powder decreased the chocolate brightness and increased the chocolate hardness.

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Doses and forms of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation on maize crop

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n6p373-377 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 373-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José M. K. Santini ◽

Salatiér Buzetti ◽

Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽

Fernando S. Galindo ◽

Daniel N. Coaguila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Low Cost ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Zn Content ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT In search of a more sustainable agriculture, the use of beneficial microorganisms has been highlighted, because they are low-cost and can reduce the use of fertilizers and increase grain yield. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of A. brasilense inoculation and the best form and dose of inoculation in maize, measuring the impact on some physical characteristics and on its nutrition. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates and eight treatments: 1) control; 2) Seed 1x; 3) Seed 2x; 4) Soil 1x; 5) Soil 2x; 6) Leaf 1x; 7) Leaf 2x; 8) Seed 1x + Leaf 1x, respectively representing in each treatment the site and dose of application (1x, dose recommended by the manufacturer; 2x, twice the dose recommended by the manufacturer). No differences were found in any physical characteristics evaluated between treatments; however, for nutrient contents in the leaf tissue, there was effect on Zn content. It was concluded that, regardless of the presence of A. brasilense inoculation, forms or dose (in hybrid DKB 350), in general, there were no improvements in the characteristics evaluated.

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Economic analysis of the finishing of lambs under confinement conditions using licuri cake ( Syagrus coronata Mart. Becc.)

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-9940200252019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Jonival Barreto COSTA ◽

Ronaldo Lopes OLIVEIRA ◽

Thadeu Mariniello SILVA ◽

Ossival Lolato RIBEIRO ◽

Rebeca Dantas Xavier RIBEIRO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Economic Parameters ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Impact ◽

Operation Cost ◽

Different Levels ◽

Ground Corn ◽

Corn Grain

SUMMARY The present study endeavors to determine the impact of the inclusion of licuri tart in the diet of finishing lambs, Santa Inês mestizos, by evaluating the economic parameters. For this purpose, a total of 44 lambs, including both uncastrated as well as vaccinated and wormed lambs, with an average age of six months and a mean body weight of 21.2 kg ± 2.7 kg, were employed. Initially, the lambs were fed on the diet which consisted of 40% Tifton-85 hay and 60% of a concentrated mixture, mainly composed of ground corn grain, soybean meal, mineral premix, being further followed by the inclusion of the licuri cake at four different levels (a) 0.0, (b) 8.0,(c) 16.0, and (d) 24% with respect to the dry matter. Principally, the soybean meal and milled corn were replaced by the licuri cake with these levels, thereby constituting four treatments and 11 replicates (11 lambs per treatment) in a completely randomized design. Further, for subjecting the lambs to the above mentioned four different levels of treatment, the lambs were confined for 70 days. The analysis of various economic parameters revealed that upon including the licuri cake up to the level of 24%, the operation cost decreases, which in turn results in higher profitability. However, its cost at the time of use will eventually determine its use for feeding lambs, because of the possible price variations of the ingredients used to formulate the diets along with the model of production of the rural property.

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Biochar as soil amendment: Impact on chemical properties and corn nutrient uptake in a Podzol

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2015-0044 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 400-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

A.B. Syuhada ◽

J. Shamshuddin ◽

C.I. Fauziah ◽

A.B. Rosenani ◽

A. Arifin

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Total N ◽

Fertilized Soil ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Exchangeable Al ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Healthy Growth ◽

The Impact ◽

Biochar Amendment

A study was conducted to investigate the impact of biochar amendment on chemical properties and corn nutrient uptake in a sandy Podzol soil. Four rates of biochar (0, 5, 10, and 15 g kg−1) and two rates of inorganic fertilizer (0 and local recommendation rate for corn) were randomly applied to a completely randomized design with four replicates. Corn was grown for 45 d in a glasshouse using sandy Podzol. The increase in pH of the soil was concomitant with a decrease of exchangeable Al. The fertilized soil significantly increased total N, with a concomitant decrease in soil pH due to a N nitrification. Positive changes did occur in the soil due to biochar application, leading to a significant increase in dry matter yield and corn height. Corn N and K uptakes were significantly increased by the addition of biochar, but the same was not true for Ca and Mg. However, it was found that the concentrations of N, Ca, and Mg in the corn tissue were still lower than their critical level. Our results demonstrate that application of biochar alone is not able to supply enough nutrients for the healthy growth of corn.

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Buckling strength of additively manufactured cylindrical shells: An exploratory study of as-printed and reinforced ABS and PLA cases

10.31224/osf.io/f7h9j ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tais Rocha Pereira ◽

Albert E. Patterson ◽

Sherri L. Messimer

Keyword(s):

Exploratory Study ◽

Low Cost ◽

Thin Shells ◽

Thin Structures ◽

Design Problems ◽

Buckling Behavior ◽

Hard Polymer ◽

Radial Loading ◽

Future Work ◽

The Impact

Additively-manufactured (AM) materials have a defined mesostructure and natural voids which impact their structural stability; thin shells which so not have bulk to support or absorb the effects of the variances in properties are particularly affected. Thin shells are a common feature in many designs, providing good strength-to-weight ratios for many applications, particularly in the aerospace and structural design domains. The use of AM processes to produce thin structures could both expand the use of AM and improve the application space for thin structures in design, but this problem has not yet been widely explored for buckling cases. The brief exploratory study presented in this paper examined the characteristics and critical buckling load of thin-walled ABS and PLA cylinders under static axial and angled radial loading. A designed 2(4-1) factorial experiment was used to explore the buckling behavior, examining the impact of wall thickness, material, and two kinds of internal reinforcement (soft infill and polyurethane foam). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) (including model adequacy testing and proof of Fisher Assumption validity) was completed on data from two replications (32 total tests), providing useful information on the significance of the factors and their interactions. The data is provided in full, along with a discussion of the experimental design and testing method, the results, and the importance of this problem in further research efforts. The results of the tests showed a dramatic variance in the performance based on the characteristics of the cylinders. The data collected can be used to drive future work toward the modeling and design of hard polymer AM thin structures, as well as developing efficient and low-cost methods for testing and exploring these structures for practical design problems.

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Ketersediaan dan Serapan Mg Kacang Tanah Alfisol dengan Abu Vulkanik Kelud dan Pupuk Organik Amandemen

Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi ◽

10.20961/agsjpa.v19i1.20920 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Suntoro Suntoro ◽

Hery Widjianto ◽

Tutik Handayani

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Volcanic Ash ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Factor Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Range Test

As a result of volcanic eruptions led to the fall of the ash, but there is no much research conducted against nutrient content and the nutrient availability in soil. Disposals of volcanic ash and organic matter are expected fill Mg need in the land. Magnesium In Alfisol is still sufficientless for peanuts. The purpose of this research is study of the impact of volcanic ash and organic fertilizer for the availability and uptake of peanuts Mg in the Alfisol. The experiments did in a greenhouse used completely randomized design with one factor. Data were analyzed with F test rate from 95%, and if the treatments showed significant influenced were continued with rate duncan's multiple range test fence from 95%. The observed variables include the levels of chlorophyll, available Mg and uptake Mg. Research results show that the interaction from treatment chlorophyll content, available Mg and uptake Mg. Based on the findings of the observations of volcanic ash disposals operating significantly impact the availability of magnesium.

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Dynamics of aerial and perennial biomass of two lucerne cultivars with different fall dormancy subject to two severities of cutting during the establishment phase

Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía ◽

10.24215/16699513e072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. 072

Author(s):

Leonela Analía García ◽

Silvia Graciela Assuero ◽

Gabriel Blain ◽

Matías Ezequiel Pereyra ◽

Germán Darío Berone

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

The Other ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Fall Dormancy ◽

Crown Biomass ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Impact ◽

Establishment Phase

The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of two cutting severities on the dynamics of aerial and perennial (root plus crown) biomass of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) plants of two cultivars of contrasting fall dormancy rating during the establishment phase. We worked at Unidad Integrada Balcarce with two cultivars of lucerne (non-winter dormant: FD10; semi-winter dormant: FD6) and two cutting severities (40 and 100 mm) defining four treatments (FD6-40 mm, FD6-100 mm, FD10-40 mm and FD10-100 mm) under a completely randomized design. In both cultivars, increasing cutting severity produced a reduction in leaf area and number of nodes in the residual, resulting in a reduced production of aerial biomass during regrowth, given a reduction on shoot number. On the other hand, the effect of increased cutting severity on perennial biomass was only observed in plants of FD10 cultivar. This cultivar showed less perennial biomass when cut at 40 mm than at 100 mm, while no differences were observed between cutting heights in FD6 cultivar.

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Impact of tannery effluent on Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Current Botany ◽

10.25081/cb.2021.v12.7148 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146-149

Author(s):

V. Sangeetha ◽

P.S. Sharavannan

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Tannery Effluent ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vigour Index ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Impact ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of tannery effluent on different varieties of Sorghum bicolor. The disparate concentrations of tannery effluent viz., 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% were tested for its impacts on six varieties of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (TNAU CO 5, TNAU CO 30, CO (S) 28, BSR 1, K Tall and Paiyur 1). The experimentation was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. The impact of tannery effluent on the germination percentage, shoot length (cm), root length (cm), seedling weight (g), vigour index, tolerance index and phytotoxicity were recorded. The outcome revealed that the parameters escalated in 5% effluent concentration and declined after 25% concentration of tannery effluent.

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Pertumbuhan Bibit Salak [Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss] Pondoh yang Diinokulasi dengan Isolat Bakteri Potensial di Tanah Regosol Darmaga

Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jhi.6.1.37-44 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Fahrizal Hazra

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Inoculum Dose ◽

Bacterial Inoculum ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTSnake fruit [Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss] Pondoh is one of important fruits in Indonesia. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of some selected potential microbes such as Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, Cellulolytic Bacteria, and N2-fixing Bacteria (Azospirillum) ongrowth of seedling of snake fruit Pondoh. A study was conducted in the nursery. The experiment used a completely randomized design with treatments namely: K0 (without inoculum); A1 (Azospirillum inoculum dose 5 ml), A2 (inoculum 25 ml); F1 (BPF inoculum dose 5 ml), F2 (dose 25 ml); S1; BPS inoculums (dose 5 ml), S2 (dose 25 ml); C1 (mixed bacterial inoculum A+F+S dose 5 ml), and C2 (A+F+S dose 25 ml). Plant height, P, C/N soil ratio, N were measured in 10 months for observing the impact of treatments. Results showed that the effect of inoculation of A2 to the amount of N-total (0.99%) was significantly different compared to soil with K0; and not significantly different from the amount of N-total inoculation A1, F1, F2, S1, S2, C1, and C2. F2 increased availability of P (20.79 ppm) in the soil higher than K0, A1, F1; and not significantly different from A2, S1, S2, C1, and C2. K0 treatment gave C/N ratio of soil significantly different from A1, A2, F1, F2, S1, S2, C1 and C2; BPS which showed activity in overhauling C-organic in the soil. Inoculation A2 and F2 increased plant height 15.48% and 9.31% higher than the control. Inoculation of C2 differed significantly in improving the fresh weight compared to control; and not significantly different from A1, A2, F1, F2, S1, S2, and C1 and able to increase the dry weight of 71.12% compared to the control.Keywords: Azospirillum, Cellulolytic Bacteria, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, Snake Fruit ABSTRAKSalak Pondoh [Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss] merupakan tanaman buah bernilai tinggi dan diminati masyarakat. Budidaya salak diawali dengan pembibitan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh bakteri potensial hasil isolasi dan seleksi dari bakteri pelarut fosfat (BPF), bakteri perombak selulosa (BPS), dan bakteri pemfiksasi N2 (Azospirillum) dalam pertumbuhan bibit tanaman salak pondoh. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor yang terdiri atas: K0 (tanpa inokulum/Kontrol); A1 (inokulum Azospirillum 5 ml), A2 (25 ml inokulum); F1 (inokulum BPF dosis 5 ml), F2 (dosis 25 ml); S1 (inokulum BPS dosis 5 ml), S2 (dosis 25 ml); C1 (inokulum campuran A+F+S dosis 5 ml), dan C2 (dosis 25 ml). Pengamatan dilakukan selama 10 minggu sampai bibit salak Pondoh memiliki dua daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inokulasi A2dan S2 nyata jumlah N-total (0.99%) di dalam tanah dibandingkan dengan K0; tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lain. Inokulasi F2 nyata meningkatkan P tersedia (20.79 ppm) di dalam tanah dibandingkan dengan K0, A1, F1; dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan A2, S1, S2, C1, dan C2. Induksi dengan seluruh isolat nyata terhadap C/N rasio tanah; yang menunjukkan adanya aktivitas BPS dalam merombak C-organik di dalam tanah. Inokulasi A2 dan F2 mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman 9.31% dan 15.48% lebih besar dibandingkan kontrol. Inokulasi C2 nyata meningkatkan bobot basah bibit salak pondoh dibandingkan kontrol; tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lain serta mampu meningkatkan bobot kering 71.12% dibandingkan kontrol.Kata kunci: Azospirillum, bakteri pelarut fosfat, bakteri perombak selulosa, Salak Pondoh

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