The Status and challenges for Japanese small business mutual aid system

2013 ◽  
Vol null (40) ◽  
pp. 405-430
Author(s):  
suwon Chung
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
The Status

Tax Incentives and Small Business Mutual Aid Partiticipation

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 2919-2931
Author(s):  
Seokjin Woo ◽  
Byung-hill Jun
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Mutual Aid

scholarly journals Formation of Entrepreneurial Climate as a Factor of Social and Economic Development of the Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Galina Kocharnaya ◽  
Oleg Divichenko ◽  
Inna Demenenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Social Mechanism ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Climate

The paper considers the formation of entrepreneurial climate in the conditions of social and economic development of the region. At present, one of the priority directions of social and economic policy of the region is the development of small businesses. In turn, the entrepreneurial or business climate acts as a paramount component of small business development. The study of the current state of entrepreneurial climate in the region makes it possible to define current problems of its development and ways to solve them. The social mechanism of entrepreneurial enterprise climate formation in the region is directly focused on the formation of certain motives, ideas, behavior patterns of all business subjects (business community and authorities). This is revealed through the following principles: state support, priority objectives, equal conditions, diversification, partnership, social responsibility, social protection, public representation, exchange of experience, competitive advantage. For successful formation of entrepreneurial climate in the sphere of small business as a factor of social and economic development in the region it is critical to use such methods as monitoring, ranking, public-private partnership, business partnership, social support, multilevel training, multi-purpose competition, social selection, social cooperation in order to ensure interaction of small enterprises based on the principles of mutual aid, transparency and autonomy.

The status of entrepreneurship education in Jordanian universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wejdan Alakaleek
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Small Business Management ◽  
The Status

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the developmental level of entrepreneurship education within the context of Jordanian higher education. The level of development in such education is investigated based on two areas: the educational courses and programs themselves and the formal structures within which they are embedded. Design/methodology/approach The quantitative approach is based on a survey scan of all 29 Jordanian universities, including their course plans, educational programs, departments and centers. A list of entrepreneurship centers, programs and course subjects is provided and analyzed. Findings The main findings of study are: in Jordan, entrepreneurship education is still at an early stage of development, and its offerings are limited to a few courses covering some introductory subjects in small business and entrepreneurship courses. Of the Jordanian universities, one university offers a major educational graduate program in entrepreneurship and 27.5 percent have centers for innovation and entrepreneurship, but lack any entrepreneurship departments. Entrepreneurship education is new in Jordan: the first provided course was a small business management; the first center was established in 2004 and later in 2012, it offered the first educational programs in entrepreneurship. Research implications This paper assists all stakeholders in higher education to build an understanding of the nature of entrepreneurship education in Jordan and supports the design of appropriate strategies for encouraging entrepreneurial subjects to be incorporated into the country’s universities educational programs. Originality/value The value of this study stems from its aim to provide an overview of the status of entrepreneurship education in Jordanian universities. It also makes a contribution to knowledge as the first nationwide study in this context.

scholarly journals A Gendered Enterprise: Placing Nineteenth-Century Businesswomen in History

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Gamber
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Small Business ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
Upper Management ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Status ◽  
Large Corporations

Readers who perused a 1904 issue of the Atlantic Monthly encountered an article with the intriguing title of “The Small Business as a School of Manhood.” Largely a diatribe against the growing dominance of large corporations, it lamented the presumably inevitable passing of smaller concerns. Curiously, its author, Henry A. Stimson, placed relatively little emphasis on the economic or even the political consequences of this development. Rather, he worried that the new order, which reduced would-be entrepreneurs to the status of corporate employees, represented “the loss of something fine in manhood.” Men who inhabited the newly-created ranks of middle and upper management might lead prosperous lives but faced the loss of their selfrespect, their dignity, their “intellectual stamina.” As Stimson saw it, they had been emasculated by the rise of the corporation.

BUSINESS RISK, POLITICAL AFFILIATION AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PLANS OF SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS IN CHINA

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLEMENT WING CHOW KONG ◽  
MICHAEL YIU FUNG KA
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Status ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Nation Wide Survey

This paper studies the future development choices of small business owners, getihu which literally means an individual family household in the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.). We attempt to find out what the major factors are that determine these getihu's choices of expanding, contracting or even closing down their businesses. By using a data set which includes 4,649 getihu collected from a nation-wide survey in 1991, we conduct an ordered probit analysis to obtain the following results: (1) About three quarters of sampled getihu would like to maintain the status quo and do not plan for any change. (2) Being a member of the Chinese Communist Party does not exert any statistically significant effect on their choices. (3) The level of financial risk has no significant effect while the level of failure risk is negatively related to the likelihood of business expansion. However, diversifying into different lines of business has a positive effect on the likelihood of business expansion. (4) The annual wage income of households has a positive and significant effect on the business development plan while company profit does not have any statisccally significant effect at all. (5) Female, aged getihu are less interested in expanding their business.

scholarly journals Digital Transformation in the Nigerian Small Business Sector

2022 ◽  
pp. 359-382
Author(s):  
Olakunle Olayinka ◽  
Martin George Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
The Status ◽  
Business Enterprises ◽  
Process Level

Digital transformation is now impacting businesses in both the developed and developing worlds, and this chapter examines this phenomenon in the small business sector in Nigeria. Adopting an interpretivist philosophy, the methodology combines a survey of small business enterprises (SBEs) with in-depth case studies of three Nigerian companies. Ten critical influencing factors are identified, and a model (Engage-Deploy-Exploit-Transform – EDET) is developed and applied to the case studies to assess the status of digital transformation. The influencing factors provide a checklist for SBEs embarking on digital transformation projects, and the model can be used to assess progress and identify new opportunities for digital transformation at the business process level. The authors believe this to be a useful contribution to the growing literature in this field that can be used by both researchers and practitioners in similar developing-world contexts.

scholarly journals Simplified Taxation System: To Save the Small Business in Lockdown Conditions in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (514) ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
N. V. Rudyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
The Status ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Taxation System

The value of small business for the economy and the need to stimulate it in lockdown conditions remains an unchanged position both at the level of the scientific community and at the level of public administration. The situation with the pandemic not only complicated the conditions of functioning of small and medium-sized businesses (hereinafter referred to as SMEs), but also justified the need for its support as a non-alternative measure for stabilization of the unemployment rate in the country, the possibility of effective operation and self-reliance at local levels of the budget system, specially, local budgets. The status and conditions of SME functioning, its importance in the structure of local budget revenues are researched. Changes in the tendencies as to the volumes and structure of tax revenues of local budgets are defined. The dynamics of tax revenues to local budgets is analyzed in order to determine the budget-forming taxes. The key factors of influence on the revenue part of local budgets are systematized as follows: economic, political and legal, demographic, socio-cultural. The emphasis is placed on modern trends in the functioning of SMEs, financial relations between the State at the level of local budgets and SME entities. The analysis of the implementation of plans and the planned task of tax revenues to local budgets is carried out and the value of small businesses in the structure of sales of products is determined. The dynamics of financial results before taxation of small enterprises is determined, which substantiates their higher productivity and maneuverability in the conditions of instability. A study of the dependence between the level of tax revenues to local budgets from a single tax and the productivity of small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs proves the author’s position on the need to use a simplified taxation system as a measure to preserve the viability of small businesses in lockdown conditions in order to stabilize the economy at the local level. The importance of SMEs in the employment structure in terms of enterprises by their size proves the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in the face of global instability.

scholarly journals Knowledge, evidence, expertise? The epistemics of experience in contemporary healthcare

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-284
Author(s):  
Fadhila Mazanderani ◽  
Tehseen Noorani ◽  
Farzana Dudhwala ◽  
Zara Thokozani Kamwendo
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
User Experiences ◽  
Patient Feedback ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Status ◽  
Patient Activism

This paper explores how personal experience acquires the status of knowledge and/or evidence in contemporary healthcare contexts that emphasise being both patient-centred and evidence-based. Drawing on a comparative analysis of three case studies ‐ self-help and mutual aid groups; online patient activism; and patient feedback in healthcare service delivery ‐ we foreground: a) the role that different technologies and temporalities play in how experience is turned (or fails to be turned) into knowledge or evidence; b) the role that experts-of-experience, in addition to the more frequently referenced experts-by-experience, play in mediating how, when and why experience is turned into an epistemic resource; and finally, c) how the need to be ‘evidence-based’ remains a persistent, yet at times productive, challenge to how patient and user experiences are incorporated in contemporary healthcare policy and practice. Throughout the paper, we argue that it is necessary to look at both democratic and epistemic imperatives for including patient and service users in healthcare services and policymaking based on their experience.

scholarly journals Small and Medium Business amidst Economic Turbulence: Ukraine’s Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (513) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
N. V. Rudyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Stabilization Policy ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Economic Stabilization ◽  
Taxation System

In Ukraine, the importance of small business for the economy and the need to stimulate it are being realized at the level of both the scientific community and public administration. The situation with the pandemic has complicated the conditions of functioning of small and medium-sized busines entities (hereinafter SMEs), but at the same time has justified the need to support it not only in the situation of collapse, but also as a matter of socio-economic stabilization and the prospect of reducing the unemployment rate. The status and conditions of SME functioning, its importance in various spheres of economic activity and in the labor market are researched. The emphasis is on modern trends in the functioning of SMEs, financial relations between the State and SME entities. A comparison of classification characteristics of SMEs was conducted in accordance with the Tax and Commercial Codes of Ukraine. The conditions of operation of small and medium-sized businesses on a simplified taxation system are compared. The latest legislative changes related to the stabilization policy of the State are taken into account. To identify the main trends of small business development, an analysis of the dynamics of the quantity, composition and structure of business in terms of its size, as well as the dynamics of the number of small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs by the largest groups in accordance with the classification of domestic economic activity in the country was carried out. The significance of SMEs in the employment structure is defined in the plane of enterprises and in terms of their size; the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in conditions of global instability is proved. A chronological analysis of the introduction of fiscal instruments for supporting the State in an emergency situation was carried out. In view of international experience, alternative quarantine preferences are considered as possible measures of the State support.

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