scholarly journals Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Piauí: frequência de espécies de micobactérias e aspectos epidemiológicos, 2014-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Maria De Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Central Public Health ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Low Incidence

Background and Objectives: Knowledge about species diversity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and the frequency of tuberculosis (TB) is an important issue in rural-urban regions such as Piauí (northeast of Brazil), of low incidence rate of TB , can help to improve diagnosis and prevention strategies. The aim of this study is to examine some epidemiological aspects and the frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and NTM isolated at the central public health reference laboratory, Dr. Costa Alvarenga, Piauí (LACEN-PI). Methods: Data records of all mycobacterosis and tuberculosis cases from January 2014 to March 2015 were analyzed. Results : Of the 20% (142/706) positive growths, 70% (99) were Mtb and 10% NTM. The remainde was of inadequate clinical samples, not allowing the identification of even the suspected NTM. The most frequent clinical form was pulmonary with TB patients younger than those infected with NTM (p = 0.001), the majority living in Teresina (52%). NTMs identified were M. abscessus (36%), M. avium, M. intracellulare, Mycobacterium sp. (14% each) and M. asiaticum, M. szulgai, M. kansasii 7% (each). Mtb drug resistance (7.8%) and TB co-infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-TB) found to be high (49%, 19/39) . Conclusion: The frequencies of Mtb infection, drug resistance and HIV-TB co-infection are still underestimated and failures in the identification of NTM may decrease the actual frequency of these infections. Therefore, there is a need for improvements in TB control and in the diagnosis of NTMs in Piauí.

scholarly journals Combined antiretroviral and antituberculosis drug resistance following incarceration

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Elizabeth Stott ◽  
Tulio De Oliveira ◽  
Richard John Lessells
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Antituberculosis Drug ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Prison Health ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

We describe a case of HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, characterised by drug resistance in both pathogens. The development of drug resistance was linked temporally to two periods of incarceration. This highlights the urgent need for improved integration of HIV/TB control strategies within prison health systems and within the broader public health framework.

scholarly journals International Public Health Laboratory Twinning: An Innovative Approach to Strengthen the National Health Laboratory System in Uganda, 2014-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 37S-42S ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mills ◽  
Sherrie Staley ◽  
Steven Aisu ◽  
Twila Kunde ◽  
Paul Kimsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
National Health ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Central Public Health ◽  
National Public Health

International initiatives to strengthen national health laboratory systems in resource-poor countries are often hampered by unfamiliarity with the country’s health laboratory environment and turnover of international partners during the initiative. This study provides an overview of, and lessons learned from, the use of a laboratory long-term partnership approach (ie, “twinning”) to strengthen the national public health laboratory system in an international setting. We focused on the partnering of the Uganda Ministry of Health Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) with the New Mexico State Public Health Laboratory to help the CPHL become Uganda’s national public health reference laboratory (Uganda National Health Laboratory Services [UNHLS] Institute) and leader of its nascent Uganda National Health Laboratory Network (UNHLN). Via twinning, CPHL leadership received training on laboratory leadership and management, quality systems, facility management, and the One Health environmental strategy (ie, that the health of persons is connected to the health of animals and the environment), and drafted a National Health Laboratory Policy, UNHLS Institute business plan, and strategic and operating plans for the UNHLS Institute and UNHLN. The CPHL is now responsible for the UNHLS Institute and coordinates the UNHLN. Lessons learned include (1) twinning establishes stable long-term collaborations and (2) success requires commitment to a formal statement of activities and objectives, as well as clear and regular communication among partners.

scholarly journals Current strategies to treat tuberculosis

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony T. Podany ◽  
Susan Swindells
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Active Disease

Tuberculosis (TB) has been a leading cause of death for more than a century. While effective therapies exist, treatment is long and cumbersome. TB control is complicated by the overlapping problems created by global inadequacy of public health infrastructures, the interaction of the TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, and the emergence of drug-resistant TB. After a long period of neglect, there is now significant progress in the development of novel treatment regimens for TB. Focusing on treatment for active disease, we review pathways to TB regimen development and the new and repurposed anti-TB agents in clinical development.

scholarly journals Drug Resistance and the Prevention Strategies in Food Borne Bacteria: An Update Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork ◽  
Hedayat Hosseini ◽  
Saeedeh Shojaee-Aliabadi ◽  
Mohammadali Torbati ◽  
Adel Mirza Alizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Predatory Bacteria ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Antibiotic therapy is among the most important treatments against infectious diseases and has tremendously improved effects on public health. Nowadays, development in using this treatment has led us to the emergence and enhancement of drug-resistant pathogens which can result in some problems including treatment failure, increased mortality as well as treatment costs, reduced infection control efficiency, and spread of resistant pathogens from hospital to community. Therefore, many researches have tried to find new alternative approaches to control and prevent this problem. This study, has been revealed some possible and effective approaches such as using farming practice, natural antibiotics, nano-antibiotics, lactic acid bacteria, bacteriocin, cyclopeptid, bacteriophage, synthetic biology and predatory bacteria as alternatives for traditional antibiotics to prevent or reduce the emergence of drug resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Next-generation sequencing of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in low-incidence countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 773-778
Author(s):  
E. Sodja ◽  
N. Toplak ◽  
S. Koren ◽  
M. Kovač ◽  
S. Truden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Ion Torrent ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Drug resistant tuberculosis (TB), especially multidrug (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, is still a serious problem in global TB control. Slovenia and North Macedonia are low-incidence countries with TB incidence rates of 5.4 and 10.4 in 2017, respectively. In both countries, the percentage of drug resistant TB is very low with sporadic cases of MDR-TB. However, global burden of drug-resistant TB continues to increase imposing huge impact on public health systems and strongly stimulating the detection of gene variants related with drug resistance in TB. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can provide comprehensive analysis of gene variants linked to drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the feasibility of a full-length gene analysis for the drug resistance related genes (inhA, katG, rpoB, embB) using Ion Torrent technology and to compare the NGS results with those obtained from conventional phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) in TB isolates. Between 1996 and 2017, we retrospectively selected 56 TB strains from our National mycobacterial culture collection. Of those, 33 TB isolates from Slovenian patients were isolated from various clinical samples and subjected to phenotypic DST testing in Laboratory for Mycobacteria (University Clinic Golnik, Slovenia). The remaining 23 TB isolates were isolated from Macedonian patients and sent to our laboratory for assistance in phenotypic DST testing. TB strains included were either mono-, poly- or multidrug resistant. For control purposes, we also randomly selected five TB strains susceptible to first-line anti-TB drugs. High concordance between genetic (Ion Torrent technology) and standard phenotypic DST testing for isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol was observed, with percent of agreement of 77%, 93.4% and 93.3%, sensitivities of 68.2%, 100% and 100%, and specificities of 100%, 80% and 88.2%, respectively. In conclusion, the genotypic DST using Ion Torrent semiconductor NGS successfully predicted drug resistance with significant shortening of time needed to obtain the resistance profiles from several weeks to just a few days.

scholarly journals Evaluation of SNP-based genotyping to monitor tuberculosis control in a high MDR-TB setting

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Tukvadze ◽  
I Bergval ◽  
N Bablishvili ◽  
N Bzekalava ◽  
ARJ Schuitema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Local Staff ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Treatment History ◽  
Mdr Tb

ABSTRACTMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lineage identification and typing of clinical isolates in general is performed only retrospectively. The results are rarely linked to drug susceptibility testing (DST) or patient data. Consequently, the association between Mtb lineage, (multi)drug resistance and treatment history is not fully explored at the local level. Here we evaluated a new SNP based typing assay. We furthermore assessed the added value of genotyping of Mtb isolates for epidemiological purposes and guidance of tuberculosis (TB) control. Mtb lineage, DST profile and treatment history were determined for 399 samples at the National TB Reference Laboratory (NRL) in Tbilisi, Georgia by local staff. Data was shared electronically and analysis was performed remotely. Out of 399 isolates, 74 (74/399, 18.5%) were at least multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB, of which 63 (63/74, 85.1%) were members of three different Mtb Beijing lineages. Previous treatment was reported in 38/74 (51.4%) MDR(+) patients. The availability of this data allows associations with lineages. Notably, multidrug resistant TB was more strongly associated with the Beijing lineage than treatment history. Of all MDR-TB Beijing strains 56.7% (42/74) were members of a genetic cluster. This is most easily explained by (ongoing) MDR-TB transmission rather than drug resistance amplification. This knowledge is useful when designing intervention strategies for MDR-TB. Our study provides an example that on-site integrated Mtb genotyping is realistic and could support TB control activities.

scholarly journals Optimum control of TB in the EU by addressing migrant health effectively in an interconnected world

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Koster ◽  
A J Bootsma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Optimum Control ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Dutch Association ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Worldwide, tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes of death. Although most EU/EEA countries are low-incidence, TB remains a public health issue. In this region, TB predominantly affects vulnerable populations, including migrants (ECDC/WHO, 2019). Since migration has been increasing over the last several decades, the health needs are considerable and merit great attention for several reasons. First, migrants have a right to health. Second, health promotion and disease prevention among migrants contributes to overall public health. Last, healthy migrants contribute to positive development outcomes (WHO, 2016) (IOM, 2017). In order to meet the health needs of migrants, prevention is an important step. Part of preventive care is detecting illness at an early stage (for example by screening), so that treatment can be introduced when it works best (WHO Europe, 2018). However, screening of a population is only beneficial if a positive result leads to effective actions independent of geographic location (Jackson, 2017). So, how does one facilitate a fluid care pathway for TB-elimination? In the Netherlands, the Community Health Services (GGDs) carry out TB-control non-geographically. All 25 GGDs use iTBC, a nationwide, integrated platform that supports and connects all TB processes, independent of place and time. The appropriate TB screening pathway is selected, based on prevalence in country of birth, for all migrants resulting in optimized screening, treatment and control. In a PPP between Topicus, the Dutch Association of GGDs (GGD GHOR Nederland) and the Central Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers, this process has been automated for asylum seekers. By safely sharing relevant data, migrants can be screened and treated effectively. Resulting in health needs of migrants being met and optimum control of TB in low-incidence countries. The aim is to screen, treat, control and end tuberculosis whilst scaling the Dutch blueprint across the EU/EEA region. Key messages TB-screening contributes to EU public health if follow-up actions are facilitated non-geographically. The Dutch blueprint for TB-control shows how migrant health needs are met in an interconnected world.

scholarly journals A Case Series of Acquired Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children: An Emerging Public Health Concern in Rural Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gamell ◽  
Lukas Muri ◽  
Alex Ntamatungiro ◽  
Daniel Nyogea ◽  
Lameck B. Luwanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Acquired Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Children In Care

Abstract The acquisition of drug-resistance mutations among African children living with in human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral treatment has been scarcely reported. This threatens the overall success of antiretroviral programs and the clinical outcomes of children in care. We present a well characterized series of children from rural Tanzania with acquired drug-resistance mutations to contribute to the better understanding of this emerging public health concern.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document