scholarly journals Development Factors of Region’s Foreign Economic Activity in the Context of Global Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-712
Author(s):  
Yuliya G. Lavrikova ◽  
Elena L. Andreeva ◽  
Artem V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Country Factors ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Organisational Factors

New global challenges such as COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening of protectionism, production technologies development, digitalisation and energy transition, require reinterpretation of regions’ foreign economic activity (FEA). In this context, the research aims to identify and classify development factors of such activity in regions described in the international scientific literature. We analysed works obtained from international (Scopus and Web of Science) and Russian (Elibrary.ru, journal websites) databases using the search terms “regional foreign economic activity”, “regional export”, “global challenges”, “export support”, “foreign investments”, etc. 143 Russian- and English-language articles and books published in the period 1980–2021 were chosen. Selected works, focused on Russian federal districts and regions, as well as advanced and emerging countries, describe various approaches to examining the specificity and development patterns of world regions. Based on the data, we performed structural analysis of foreign economic activity factors using the method of multi-parameter classification. The revealed factors were compared and divided into homogeneous groups with multilevel structures (macro-groups — groups — subgroups — individual factors). After analysing the variety of approaches, we identified five macro-groups of factors: 1) global challenges and partner country factors; 2) resource, industrial, transport and infrastructure potential; 3) organisational factors (finances, specialists’ skills, business community); 4) investment, innovation and image potential; 5) state support of foreign economic activity. The proposed classification considers the development of global, national, regional entities, as well as FEA participants and individuals, taking into account both direct and indirect factors. The research findings can be used for developing short-, medium- and long-term approaches, models and forecasts of regions’ foreign economic activity.

scholarly journals Lexical and semantic errors in the English language teaching in homogenious groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
G. Akhmetova ◽  
◽  
A. Bizhkenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Efl Teacher ◽  
Semantic Errors ◽  
Lexical Competence ◽  
Incorrect Usage

The present research paper discusses the issues of identifying common lexical and semantic mistakes in Kazakh pre-intermediate EFL learners studying in homogeneous groups at university. Words are viewed as powerful tools and when used correctly, words may evoke different feelings and emotions and cause various actions. It’s important to learn how to spot difficult words, correct them timely, and master lexical competence teaching to use the words correctly. The data of the study were collected by learner’s EFL teacher from their final essays. Thirty-one essays were used as the instrument of the study to obtain real language from the participants. The authors of the study hope that the results of the conducted research would contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon of lexical and semantic errors in English language teaching which will help teachers to elaborate the differentiated tasks and ways of explaining new vocabulary preventing students’ misunderstanding. Furthermore, the results of the presented research can serve as guidance and be used in compiling EFL textbooks for Kazakhstani students. As a result, researchers managed to classify lexical and semantic errors in English language teaching, identified frequent errors, and described their causes. The findings of the research illustrate that the participants of the study make errors of word choice and incorrect collocations the most. Moreover, incorrect usage of the preposition and literal translation from L1 are included in the frequent mistakes

scholarly journals A regional dimension of the Russian export: Assessment of spatial and sectoral differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Elena Andreeva ◽  
Dmitriy Karkh ◽  
Artem Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Federal State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Federal Districts

The problem of export diversification remains pressing for Russia, which needs to increase the share of the non-resources exports, and in particular, the share of higher valueadded products. The paper aims to examine the spatial differentiation of the Russian exports by various entities (federal districts, regions, top exporting companies), including in the sectoral context, and for the latter considers the most important machines and equipment sector. The methodological basis of the research rests on regional and spatial economics and theories of foreign economic activity. The paper applies economic-statistical methods, including the corre lation analysis. The authors examine Russia and its regions’ exports for 2013–2018 based on the data of Russia’s Federal State Statistic Service and Federal Customs Service and reveal “consist ency” between production and export of mechanical engineering products in the four groups of regions. The analysis demonstrates high importance of the resources export for the national economy and high spatial differentiation of exports, including of the non-resources ones. Dur ing 2013–2018, the mechanical engineering production and export grew in 27 regions, how ever, on average, high-tech production is more focused on the domestic market. The analysis confirms the significance of export as a channel of production preservation and can serve as a contribution to justify the necessity to develop the new industrial export specialisation. The results of the research can be of use to the institutions of economic development (government authorities) to outline the perspectives of the regional development of export.

NATO's Global Challenges and Russia's Cyberspatialities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Tamar Kupreishvili
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Global Challenges

Information became more important than material or energy resources in the XXI century. Resources are generally defined as community-owned economic potential elements that can achieve specific goals in economic activity. For modern society, material, financial, labor, natural resources became commonplace. Estonia was the first state in Europe to carry out a massive cyber-attack in April and May 2007. That was why the states decided to get the first convention to defend their cyberspace as they defended their land, air, and sea spaces. In the XXI century in cyberspace, there are some main actors: The United States of America, Russia, Iran, China, North Korea, Israel. Russia is one of the most vital states in cybersecurity, which is constantly developing its abilities. The country has constant interests and goals for which he actively uses information space parallel with political and military opportunities.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEACTIVATION OF THE RUSSIAN SHADOW ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Olga M. Lizina ◽  
◽  
Dinara A. Bistyakina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Specific Factors

The shadow economy has become one of the main threats to the national security of many states. Its negative impact on economic, political, social and cultural processes requires the development of an effective mechanism for deactivating shadow economic relations. In this regard, it is very important to take into account the peculiarities and specifics of the manifestation of the shadow economy, the causes and con-sequences of its functioning. To identify the factors contributing to the growth of shadow economic activity and its consequences in the national economy, a sociological study was conducted. To compare the results of the study of the influence of factors on the level of the shadow economy, economic modeling was also carried out using the method of typological regression, implying the construction of multiple regression models in homogeneous groups iden-tified by multidimensional classification based on cluster or discriminant analysis. Based on the results of the study, general and specific factors contributing to the growth of shadow economic activity were identified. They are significant when choosing a strategy and forming a system of measures aimed at deactivating the shadow economy. Summarizing the data obtained in the course of the study on the factors, causes and consequences of the shadow economy in Russia, a number of recommendations are formulated aimed at countering shadow economic activity in two directions: tougher penalties and the actual legalization of certain forms of shadow economic activity.

Exnovation as a Necessary Factor in Successful Energy Transitions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin David
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Transitions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

This chapter strives toward a conceptual understanding of exnovation processes for energy transitions. Exnovation, the opposite of innovation, describes a process of divestment from fossil-fuel energy technologies and production structures. As an exemplifying case study, it discusses the exnovation of specific, unsustainable electricity production technologies in the face of the German energy transition. By looking at the interplay of politics, scientific modeling, and public involvement, it shows that exnovation is a necessary means for energy transitions but is hard to achieve. The chapter finds that more attention should be given to groups that bring exnovation to the energy transition agenda.

scholarly journals On the Socio-Cultural Determinants of Polish Entrepreneurs’ Attitudes towards the Development of Renewable Energy: Business, Climate Skepticism Ideology and Climate Change

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3418
Author(s):  
Piotr Żuk ◽  
Paweł Żuk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Climate Skepticism ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
Fertile Ground

This article analyses the business community in Poland and their views on climate change and the objectives of the European Green Deal (EGD). The authors focus on the analysis of the attitude of entrepreneurs towards the cultural and ideological stereotypes promoted by climate denialists. This article shows that the ideological factor may play a certain role in shaping the attitudes of entrepreneurs towards energy transition. The research was carried out on a sample of 400 entrepreneurs. The research results indicate that the ideological factor is of particular importance among entrepreneurs who are concerned about the costs of energy transition and the expenditure related to the implementation of the EGD for economic reasons. According to the authors, the stereotypes promoted by climate sceptics may find fertile ground, particularly when accompanied by fears of additional financial costs. Attitudes towards the goals of energy transition among entrepreneurs usually differ depending on the size of the company: representatives of smaller companies, who have greater concerns about their economic position, are more likely to present the views of climate sceptics. Acceptance for the theory of climate sceptics may also be influenced by the industry sector: those who may lose out on energy transition, such as representatives of the mining industry, may share the myths of climate denialists.

scholarly journals Hate Speech as a Manipulative Means of Forming the Inimical Image of Russia in British and American Mass-Media (viewed from the Aspect of the English Language Taught to Russian Students)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
T. P. Karpukhina
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
English Language ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
War Rhetoric ◽  
American Media ◽  
Efl Students

The research features manipulative technologies aimed at forming the inimical image of Russia in British and American mass-media. The inimical conception, when intentionally built, is predetermined by the already existing stereotype of an enemy, whose most evident and manifest features are singled out and enclosed into the image thus constructed. The stereotype, in its turn, can be traced back to the most ancient archetype of a hostile member of a different tribe, perilous to the group he intends to destroy. The image of Russia created by the British and American mass-media is overloaded with negative connotations as contrasted with a highly positive self-image of the British and Americans. Russia is presented as an aggressor that interferes with other countries’ affairs, while its opponents, as they claim, fight against terrorism and meet other global challenges. Nothing is farther from the truth but the manipulative technologies  employed help to drive this idea into the readers’ heads. The British and American media-language turns to “hate speech” whenever they refer to Russia. Most effective, though over-exploited, is its constant repetition. All this serves as a substitute for actual facts, logic, and arguments. The question arises: what should EFL students do with the language material that often misinforms or insults their country? The answer is obvious: never degrade yourself by attacking or insulting the opponents. They might be entrapped in the war rhetoric or the stereotypes and be truly convinced of the Russians’ hostility. Consider the facts, but not emotions, and manipulation will miss you or your friendly attitude to Englishmen and Americans as a target.

scholarly journals Trends of Main Indicators of Business Demography

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
V. L. Somov ◽  
M. N. Tolmachev
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Business Survey Data ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Business Survey ◽  
Specific Management

The article reveals some aspects of one of the latest trends in increasing the analytical capabilities of modern socio-economic statistics - the formation of business demography. The relevance of substantiating the statistical and methodological base for studying the processes of creation, stability and liquidation of economic entities is obvious due to the fact that such demographic characteristics of the life cycle of enterprises are increasingly becoming markers of the quality of the country’s economic development as a whole. The authors consider the main provisions of the methodology for the formation of business demography indicators in accordance with the Eurostat and OECD recommendations. Based on official Rosstat data, the dynamics of the rates of creation (birth rates) and liquidation (death rates) of organizations both in Russia as a whole and in federal districts and types of economic activity has been analyzed. Statistical analysis of business survey data indicates the inconsistency and variability of the business climate, the differentiation between regions and sectors of the economy in terms of business demography, as well as the manifestation of negative trends that have developed, according to the authors, in Russian entrepreneurship in recent three to four years. Thus, following substantive logic of the author’s conclusions: economic and statistical analysis based on a minimum set of indicators, including using methods of comparative interregional analysis, is very useful for making specific management decisions and choosing the priority of their implementation (depending on the characteristics of individual regions and the nature of the activities of economic entities), allowing to overcome a certain stagnation in the private enterprise sector.

MODELS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION ESTATES IN THE LATE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Ruslan Magometovich ZHITIN
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
New Production ◽  
City Life ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Economic Modernization

We examine the peculiarities of the economic activity of landlords in the late 19th and early 20th century. The origins of conservative approaches to the development of private estates are analyzed, the reasons that led some nobles to proceed to successful management are revealed. The urgency of work is determined by the importance of studying the most optimal forms of socio-economic modernization of the post-reform agricultural sector. An analysis of the published sources shows that the majority of owners turned to traditional methods of economic activity. A promising area was the transfer of land in rent. Evaluating the advantages of city life, they completely broke ties with rural life and moved to the cities. Only a small, economically active stratum of landowners, under new conditions, could create self-sufficient capitalist farms. They modernized the estates that belonged to them, introduced into the practice of administration progressive management methods, rationally using available economic resources. Analyzing the sources of rationalization of exemplary estates, we turned to the memoirs of A.A. Fet, A.N. Engelhardt, S.F. Sharapov. The success of modernization of estates, in their opinion, was associated with attention to specific aspects of the farms economy, the introduction of new production technologies, administrative activities rationalization.

The role of institutional conditions and economic activity of the population in the socio-economic dynamics of the federal districts

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2297-2318
Author(s):  
D.V. Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the economic efficiency and well-being of the population. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the impact of the economic activity of people in the existing institutional environment on the socio-economic development of megaregions. Methods. The article uses indices that determine the public business activity and the effectiveness of the State's economic policy. Results. The article presents an original methodology for assessing the socio-economic dynamics of federal districts between 2004 and 2018. The article points out the decline in business activity of the population and the increasing dependence of welfare on social assistance by the State. Conclusions. The article concludes that it is necessary to adjust the public policy to encourage the business activity of people.

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