Prevalence of malocclusions and dysfunctional oral habits in preschool children of municipal establishments in Viña del Mar.

Introduction: Malocclusions are a public health problem at national and global level, being third in the ranking of the most prevalent oral pathologies.Its origin is multifactorial, with dysfunctional oral habits being a risk factor. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusions and dysfunctional oral habits in students aged between 4 and 6 years in state-run public schools in Viña del Mar, Chile. Material and methods: A prevalence study was carried out in 184 students selected by random cluster sampling. Malocclusions were assessed by clinical examination, while dysfunctional oral habits were assessed by questionnaires and clinical examination. The data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square test and the PHI correlation coefficient. Results: The prevalence of malocclusions was 54.35% (95% CI [47.04% - 61.47%]), with dental crowding being the most frequent, while prevalence of dysfunctional oral habits was 95.11% (95% CI [90.82% - 97.45%]), led by lingual interposition. In none of the cases statistically significant differences of age, gender or class were noticed. The evidence provided by this study indicates that the presence of malocclusions is independent of the presence of dysfunctional oral habits, except between open bite and interposition of objects, whose magnitude of dependence was minor (0.2). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of malocclusions and dysfunctional oral habits in preschool children, with dental crowding and lingual interposition being the most frequent, respectively. The presence of malocclusions is independent of the presence of dysfunctional oral habits.

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Relationship Between Hand-washing Habit and Toilet Use with Diarrhea Incidence in Children Under Five Years

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v5i12017.95-106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Nikmatur Rohmah ◽

Fariani Syahrul

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Before And After

Diarrhea is still a public health problem in the world and the mostly occur in children under five years. At the moment the number of diarrhea-caused mortality was 3.8 per 1000 per year by 3.2 episodes per year in children under five years. This research aims to analyze the association between hand-washing habits and toilet use with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years. This is an observational analytic with cross sectional study. Population of the research was a children's mother took her children to the public health center of Sekardangan Sidoarjo Subdistrict. The number of samples taken as many as 58 mother of children under five years. Data collection was done with interviews to parents of children and the observations of the toilets. Technique of data analysis using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. On the results of the research there is a significant association the habit of hand washing (p = 0.006) and toilet use(p = 0.014) with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Conclusions of the research is the habit of hand washing and toilet use had a significant association with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Advice that can be given to the mother of a children under five years is to wash the hands before and after defecating and before preparing food for children. Keywords: diarrhea, hand washing, toilet use, observational, children under five years

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The view of parents and teachers about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in a group of preschool children

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-0216/201921214418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Denise Maria Zaratini Fernandes ◽

Maria Cecília Marconi Pinheiro Lima

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Sample ◽

Oral Habits ◽

Stomatognathic System ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the parents and teachers views about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in preschool children. Methods: a cross - sectional study with a quantitative analysis. Parents and teachers answered a self-administered questionnaire regarding the deleterious habits of preschool children and signed the Informed Consent Term. At the end, 221questionaries were included. The data were submitted to Chi-square test, Fisher exact and McNemar tests. Results: according to the parents, the most frequent habit was the bottle with 52.04%, followed by the pacifier with 24.09%. According to the teachers, the pacifier was the most frequent one, accounting for 20.36% of cases, followed by the use of bottle (7.69%). In the present sample, 90.95% of the children were breastfed. When related to oral habits, it was observed that the longer the breastfeeding time, the lower the use of pacifiers and bottles. By comparing the questionnaires, it was verified that the parents noticed, more frequently, the oral habits than did the teachers. Conclusion: in the group studied, the parents reported more the presence of deleterious oral habits than did the teachers. It is important that parents, and especially teachers, have information about the harm caused by the prolonged presence of such habits, so that they can encourage their interruption, thus, avoiding possible damages to the stomatognathic system and the performance of orofacial functions.

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Malocclusion: Social, Functional and Emotional Influence on Children

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.37.1.y75430328427210j ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 103-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

PA Martins-Júnior ◽

LS Marques ◽

ML Ramos-Jorge ML

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Open Bite ◽

Anterior Open Bite ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Impact

Objectives: To determine the association between types of malocclusion and quality of life in children between 8-10 years of age and establish correlations between the severity of the malocclusion and particular bio-psychosocial variables. Study design: The sample was made up of 102 schoolchildren aged 8-10 years. Clinical exams were performed using the criteria of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) to determine the presence and severity of malocclusions. The impact on quality of life was assessed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10). Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: Malocclusions affected 61% of the children examined. There was a positive correlation between total CPQ8-10 and DAI scores (P = 0.034). The following types of malocclusion had a significant effect on the quality of life of the children: upper anterior irregularity ≥ 2 mm, anterior open bite ≥ 2mm and diastema ≥ 2mm. Children with malocclusion experienced a greater negative impact on quality of life in comparison to those without malocclusion. Conclusions: Malocclusions had a negative influence over the quality of life of children between 8-10 years of age. More severe malocclusions had a greater impact with regard to social, emotional and functional aspects.

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Relationship between malocclusion and deleterious oral habits in preschool children in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0803154c ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 154-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leite Cavalcanti ◽

Medeiros Bezerra ◽

Cristiano Moura ◽

Medeiros Bezerra ◽

Flávia Granville-Gracia

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Positive Association ◽

Open Bite ◽

Anterior Open Bite ◽

Significance Level ◽

Oral Habits ◽

Posterior Crossbite ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusions in preschool children in the city of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, and verify the existence of associations between malocclusions and deleterious oral habits, gender and age. Methods: 342 children (3-5-year-old; 196 boys and 146 girls) with complete primary dentition and no previous orthodontic treatment were randomly selected from children regularly attending municipal day care centers. The occurrence of the following malocclusions was evaluated: accentuated overjet and overbite, anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. A calibrated experienced examiner (Kappa = 0.86) performed all clinical examinations under natural lightening after drying the teeth and soft tissue with gauze. Yates' chi-square and Fisher's exact tests verified the association between the variables and odds ratio. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: Malocclusions and deleterious oral habits were observed in 74% and 73.4% of the children, respectively. The prevalence of malocclusion was 68.9% in boys and 80.9% in girls. Accentuated overjet (45%) and anterior open bite (42.4%) were the most prevalent malocclusions. There was statistically significant difference (P = .008) between genders. However, no statistically significant differences (P = .47) were found among the age groups. Accentuated overjet, anterior open bite and posterior crossbite showed a positive association with the presence of deleterious oral habits. Conclusions: The high prevalence of malocclusions and deleterious oral habits observed in this pediatric population is supportive to the fact that oral health professionals that treat patients in these age groups should be aware of the importance of an early and accurate diagnosis in order to avoid the aggravation of occlusal alterations in the future.

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Pemberian ASI eksklusif tidak berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak usia 6–23 bulan di Indonesia

Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) ◽

10.21927/ijnd.2015.3(3).162-174 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 162

Author(s):

Bunga Astria Paramashanti ◽

Hamam Hadi ◽

I Made Alit Gunawan

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

Survey Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Design Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multistage Cluster Sampling

ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting in children is one of public health problem in Indonesia. Stunting is a serious problem because it is linked with the quality of human capital in future. Objectives: To determine the association between exclusive breastfeeding practice and stunting in young children 6 – 23 months in Indonesia.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data was obtained from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013. Riskesdas 2013 used multistage cluster sampling. Subject in this study was 6.956 young children 6 – 23 months in Indonesia which was selected purposively. Data was analyzed by using descriptive analysis, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression by adjusting the sampling weight for survey analysis.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was protective against stunting, but the result was not significant both for exclusive breastfeeding >6 months (OR=0,99, 95% CI: 0,63–1,59) and exclusive breastfeeding 4-<6 bulan (OR=0,93, 95% CI: 0,63–1,39). Young children with low birth weight history had higher risk to become stunting (OR=1,77, 95% CI: 1,33–2,37). Household economic status which were very poor (OR=1,96, CI: 1,53–2,52), poor (OR=1,62, 95% CI:1,30–2,03) and middle (OR=1,32, 95% CI: 1,06–1,64) were also associated with the risk of stunting.Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding is not the only factor contributing to stunting in children. Optimal complementary feeding practice should also be the focus of intervention. Improvement in nutritional status since the preconception and during the pregnancy, and household economy status may reduce stunting problem in children.KEYWORDS: stunting, exclusive breastfeeding, feeding practice, growth ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Stunting pada anak-anak merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di Indonesia. Stunting menjadi masalah yang serius karena dikaitkan dengan kualitas sumber daya manusia di kemudian hari.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif dan stunting pada anak usia 6 – 23 bulan di Indonesia.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Data didapatkan dari hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) 2013. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada Riskesdas 2013 adalah multistage cluster sampling. Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah 6.956 anak usia 6 – 23 bulan di Indonesia yang dipilih secara purposive. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda dengan mempertimbangkan sampling weight untuk analisis survei.Hasil: ASI eksklusif bersifat protektif terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak, namun hasilnya tidak signifikan, baik untuk ASI eksklusif >6 bulan (OR=0,99, 95% CI 0,63–1,59) maupun ASI eksklusif 4-<6 bulan OR=0,93, 95% CI: 0,63–1,39). Anak yang lahir dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk menjadi anak yang stunting (OR=1,77, 95% CI: 1,33–2,37). Status ekonomi rumah tangga sangat miskin (OR=1,96, 95% CI: 1,53–2,52), miskin (OR=1,62, 95% CI: 1,30–2,03) dan menengah (OR=1,32, 95% CI: 1,06–1,64) masing-masing berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko stunting pada anak.Kesimpulan: ASI eksklusif bukanlah satu-satunya faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak. Pemberian MPASI yang optimal juga harus diperhatikan. Perbaikan status gizi sejak masa prekonsepsi dan selama kehamilan, serta status ekonomi rumah tangga diharapkan mampu menurunkan kejadian stunting pada anak.KATA KUNCI: stunting, ASI eksklusif, praktik makan, pertumbuhan

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Factors Associated with Utilization of Primary Preventive Services of Tamang Serbisyo para sa Kalusugan ng Pamilya (TSeKaP) among PhilHealth Indigent Members in Manila

Acta Medica Philippina ◽

10.47895/amp.v52i3.400 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Allan John R. Barcena ◽

Carl Robert A. Casimiro ◽

Gil Dominic R. Catalan ◽

Camille A. Pestano ◽

Fenny Mariechit Q. Quinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Implementation Strategies ◽

Preventive Services ◽

P Value ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Address System

Background. The primary preventive services of TSeKaP promote disease prevention among marginalized groups. The threat of non-utilization, however, undermines the effective implementation of the program. To fill in the knowledge gap regarding utilization of primary preventive services, rate of utilization and factors associated with utilization of primary preventive services must be determined. Objective. To determine the rate of utilization and the association of selected factors with utilization of primary preventive services of TSeKaP among PhilHealth Indigent Member of Manila. Methods. Using a two-stage cluster sampling, 145 PhilHealth Indigent Members were randomly selected and interviewed. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to determine associations. FGDs were also conducted to gather reasons related to utilization. Results and Conclusion. Among those surveyed, 68.28% were found to have utilized at least one primary preventive service. Age (p-value=0.021), knowledge (p-value=0.015), familiarity (p-value=0.029), and accessibility (p-value=0.013) were found to be associated with utilization. Utilization generally increases as age group increases. Those with satisfactory knowledge on TSeKaP, those familiar with their health center, and those who report that their health center is accessible were 1.45 times, 2.12 times and 2.83 times more likely to utilize than their counterpart, respectively. Results showing a significant proportion of non-utilization emphasize the need to improve implementation strategies by improving not only the knowledge of respondents’ on TSeKaP but also their familiarity with their health centers. The use of various communication channels, such as barangay bulletin, public address system, radio or television, may aid the dissemination of pertinent information regarding the program as perceived by the respondents.

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Prevalence and associations of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, northern Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.14562/v6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽

Ayele Mamo Abebe ◽

Kirubel Dagnaw Tegegne ◽

Mikiyas Amare Getu ◽

Woldemichael Tadesse Bihonegn

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Economic Status ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Active Trachoma ◽

Care Workers ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract Background: Trachoma is a neglected eye disease and an important cause of preventable corneal blindness. In endemic areas, initial infection can occur in early childhood and following recurrent episodes, it progresses to scarring and visual impairment. Trachoma disappeared from developed countries through enhancements of hygiene and sanitation but the disease is still a challenge in developing countries. In Ethiopia, data indicate that Amhara is the region with the highest prevalence of active trachoma. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associations of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, Amhara region, Ethiopia.Methods: In this study, 596 children were screened for signs of active trachoma by using cluster-sampling technique. Following pre-testing of the survey instrument in a different district, questions about socio-demographic status were delivered for heads of households. Integrated eye care workers, previously trained to undertake trachoma screening for one month, performed eye examination. The logistic regression model was used to look for associations of active trachoma.Results: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district was 22%. Low economic status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.8 (95% CI 1.3–11.4), being 37– 48 months old (4.2; 1.5–12.0), living in a house with thatched roof (4.4;1.4–13.6), presence of flies in a home (4.6;2.1–9.9), once-weekly face-washing frequency (8.6;2.5–29.3), having a face that had not been washed for longer than a week (10.6;2.9–37.7), and not using soap (4.5;1.8–11.3) had association to active trachomaConclusion: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural pre-school children in Wadla district was high. This indicates that Trachoma is still a public health problem in the district. This high prevalence calls for further interventions to prevent future trachomatis blindness.

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Prevalence and associations of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, northern Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.14562/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽

Ayele Mamo Abebe ◽

Kirubel Dagnaw Tegegne ◽

Mikiyas Amare Getu ◽

Woldemichael Tadesse Bihonegn

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Health Informatics ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Developed Countries ◽

School Age Children ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Active Trachoma

Abstract Background፡Trachoma is a neglected eye problem and an important cause of preventable corneal blindness. In endemic areas, initial infection can occur in early childhood, and following recurrent episodes of infection, it progresses to scarring and blindness. In past decades, trachoma disappeared from developed countries through enhancements of hygiene and sanitation but the disease is still a problem in developing countries. In Ethiopia, data indicate that Amhara is the region with the highest prevalence of active trachome. The aim of this study was to asse{Birlie, 2016 #48}ss prevalence and association of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, north Wollo zone, Amhara. Methods: A total of 596 children aged 1–5 years living in 30 of Wadla’s 150 rural villages were screened for signs of active trachoma using a cluster sampling technique. Following pre-testing of the survey instrument in a different district, questions about socio-demographic status were asked of heads of households by health informatics professionals. Integrated eye care workers, previously trained to undertake trachoma screening over one month, performed eye examination. Logistic regression was used to look for associations of active trachoma.Results: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural pre-school age children in Wadla district was 22%. Low economic status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.8 (95% CI 1.3–11.4), being 37– 48 months old (4.2;1.5–12.0), living in a house with thatched roof (4.4;1.4–13.6), presence of flies in the home (4.6;2.1–9.9), once-weekly face-washing frequency (8.6;2.5–29.3), having a face that had not been washed for longer than a week (10.6;2.9–37.7), and not using soap when washing hands (4.5;1.8–11.3) were associated with active trachomaConclusion: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural pre-school children was high and it is still a major public health problem in Wadla. Thus, the woreda health office should create awareness for Wadla woreda communities.

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Comparative Study of the Teachers Views about Selecting Appropriate Content for Social Studies Textbook of Primary School Third Grade, Iran

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0302.147 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Hosein Saket

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Social Studies ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Primary School ◽

Third Grade ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Chi Square ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Teachers ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Textbook, which is one of the most important sources of the students learning in the educational systems also play an important role in the educational system of Iran. Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the views of male and female teachers and authors in the selection of appropriate content for Social Studies textbook of the primary school third grade. Method: the present study was conducted in the form of causal-comparative study using a questionnaire and the analysis of its items. Two groups of 107 male and female teachers teaching in public schools, private and Shahid schools of Tehran were selected using cluster sampling. Further, 6 authors of Social Studies book working in the Research and Educational Planning Organization of the Ministry of Education were selected based on their experience using targeted sampling method. Considering the nature of the questionnaire, 32 items developed by the researchers were completed by the research participants. The collected data were analyzed using nonparametric chi-square and Yates’ correction for continuity tests in the software SPSS 19. Results: results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between the opinions of female and male teachers and authors. Findings: findings of the study showed that there was no significant gap in both scientific and ideological terms among the textbooks authors and teachers. Further, the sex of the teachers could not have any effect the difference in attitude toward the content of the books and this endorses the integrity of the education system.

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Prevalence and associations of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, northern Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.14562/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽

Ayele Mamo Abebe ◽

Kirubel Dagnaw Tegegne ◽

Mikiyas Amare Getu ◽

Woldemichael Tadesse Bihonegn

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Health Informatics ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Developed Countries ◽

School Age Children ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Active Trachoma

Abstract Background ፡ Trachoma is a neglected eye problem and an important cause of preventable corneal blindness. In endemic areas, initial infection can occur in early childhood, and following recurrent episodes of infection, it progresses to scarring and blindness. In past decades, trachoma disappeared from developed countries through enhancements of hygiene and sanitation but the disease is still a problem in developing countries. In Ethiopia, data indicate that Amhara is the region with the highest prevalence of active trachome. The aim of this study was to asse{Birlie, 2016 #48}ss prevalence and association of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, north Wollo zone, Amhara. Methods: A total of 596 children aged 1–5 years living in 30 of Wadla’s 150 rural villages were screened for signs of active trachoma using a cluster sampling technique. Following pre-testing of the survey instrument in a different district, questions about socio-demographic status were asked of heads of households by health informatics professionals. Integrated eye care workers, previously trained to undertake trachoma screening over one month, performed eye examination. Logistic regression was used to look for associations of active trachoma. Results: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural pre-school age children in Wadla district was 22%. Low economic status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.8 (95% CI 1.3–11.4), being 37– 48 months old (4.2;1.5–12.0), living in a house with thatched roof (4.4;1.4–13.6), presence of flies in the home (4.6;2.1–9.9), once-weekly face-washing frequency (8.6;2.5–29.3), having a face that had not been washed for longer than a week (10.6;2.9–37.7), and not using soap when washing hands (4.5;1.8–11.3) were associated with active trachoma Conclusion: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural pre-school children was high and it is still a major public health problem in Wadla. Thus, the woreda health office should create awareness for Wadla woreda communities. Keywords : Active Trachoma, Associations, Water, Sanitation, Hygiene

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