Variedades locales y criterios de selección de especies domesticadas del género Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) en los Andes Centrales del Perú: Tomayquichua, Huánuco

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Josué Barrera-Redondo ◽  
Helena S. Hernández-Rosales ◽  
Delicia Verónica Cañedo-Torres ◽  
Katia Aréstegui Alegria ◽  
Juan Torres-Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Cucurbita Ficifolia

Antecedentes: Es importante entender las prácticas agrícolas y los criterios de selección que moldean la diversidad de variedades locales en plantas domesticadas. La región andina comparte con la región mesoamericana y Norteamérica los centros de origen de las cinco especies domesticadas de Cucurbita. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre diversidad biológica de estas especies son escasos en Perú en comparación con México. Preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las variedades locales de Cucurbita que reconocen, promueven y conservan los agricultores en el Distrito de Tomayquichua? ¿Qué mecanismos promueven la diversidad de estas variedades? Especies estudiadas: Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché, Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne. Sitio y año de estudio: Tomayquichua, Huánuco, Perú (junio de 2018 y 2019). Métodos: Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 29 familias de agricultores y comerciantes para evaluar la diversidad de variedades locales y las prácticas de manejo de las especies del género Cucurbita. Resultados: C. ficifolia es la cucurbitácea más diversa en Tomayquichua (13 variedades) seguido de C. moschata (10 variedades), las cuales se siembran en chacras y traspatios. Se reportan siete variedades de C. maxima, con el uso predominante de una variedad comercial en cultivos intensivos. Conclusión: Las prácticas agrícolas tradicionales parecen mantener la diversidad local de C. ficifolia y C. moschata. Las variedades locales de C. maxima en Tomayquichua parecen ser desplazadas progresivamente por una variedad mejorada destinada a aumentar la producción mediante prácticas agrícolas intensivas. La alta diversidad biológica de C. ficifolia en Perú sugiere un origen andino, pero se requieren estudios genéticos adicionales para aclararlo.

scholarly journals Chaves analíticas para determinação de cultivares de aboboreiras, morangueiras e mogangueiras

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 757-761
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Rochelle
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima

De sete cultivares de aboboreiras rasteiras, pertencentes à espécie Cucurbita moschata Duch., duas morangueiras e duas mogangueiras, da espécie Cucurbita maxima Duch., uma aboboreira nao rasteira e uma morangueira pertencente a Cucurbita pepo L., elaborou-se chaves analíticas para determina-los, fundamentando-se nos caracteres morfológicos do caule e das folhas.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCKS ON Fusarium WILT, NEMATODE INFESTATION, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY IN WATERMELON PRODUCTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Álvarez-Hernández ◽  
Javier Zaragoza Castellanos-Ramos ◽  
César Leobardo Aguirre-Mancilla ◽  
María Victoria Huitrón-Ramírez ◽  
Francisco Camacho-Ferre
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Lower Plant

Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata rootstock are used to prevent infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon production; however, this rootstock is not effective against nematode attack. Because of their vigor, the grafted plants can be planted at lower plant densities than the non-grafted plants. The tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita was assessed in watermelon plants grafted onto a hybrid of Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta or the Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata cv Super Shintoza rootstocks. The densities of plants were 2083 and 4166 plants ha-1. Non-grafted watermelons were the controls. The Crunchy Red and Sangría watermelon cultivars were used as the scions, it the latter as a pollinator. The experiments were performed for two production cycles in soils infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita. The incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was significantly greater in the non-grafted than in the grafted plants. The grafted plants presented similar resistance to Fusarium regardless of the rootstock. The root-knot galling index for Meloidogyne incognita was significantly lower in plants grafted onto Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta than onto the other rootstock. The yields of plants grafted onto Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta grown at both plant densities were significantly higher than in the other treatments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in Pumpkin Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2092098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Khalid Abbas ◽  
He-Xun Huang ◽  
Wen-Jie Huang ◽  
Shu-Dan Xue ◽  
Shi-Juan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Cucurbita species ( Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita maxima) are rich sources of nutrients, especially carotenoids and carbohydrates. Metabolites in pulps of C. moschata and C. maxima lines were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Our results revealed that glucose and sucrose were the dominant sugars in C. maxima and C. moschata, respectively. A correlation was found between Brix percentage and sucrose levels as compared with glucose and fructose. A greater amount of myo-inositol had accumulated in C. moschata lines compared with C. maxima. Conversely, total carotenoids and antioxidant activity were found to be higher in C. maxima lines than in C. moschata. A strong correlation of glucose, fructose, and sucrose with β-carotene and violaxanthin revealed that it will be difficult to develop pumpkin cultivars with both high inositol and carotenoid levels. In conclusion, the composition of carbohydrates and carotenoids was more diverse in C. moschata lines than in C. maxima lines. Our results will contribute to a better understanding of metabolite changes in the fruits of these as well as other pumpkin species.

scholarly journals Reação de genótipos de abóbora e morangas a Phytophthora capsici

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo B Pereira ◽  
Frederick M Aguiar ◽  
Tiago B Torres ◽  
Geovani Bernardo Amaro ◽  
Gilvaine C Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima

RESUMO Phytophthora capsici causa prejuízos significativos em cultivos de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata) e morangas (Cucurbita maxima), incluindo a podridão de raízes e coroa, o crestamento foliar e a podridão de frutos, o que pode resultar em até 100% de perdas na produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a reação de genótipos de abóboras e morangas a P. capsici. Inicialmente um experimento foi realizado para avaliar a agressividade de isolados de P. capsici de diferentes regiões. Posteriormente, dois experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação com 16 genótipos de C. moschata e sete de C. maxima em anos distintos, utilizando os isolados PCA 40 e PCA 43, identificados como os mais agressivos em teste preliminar. Como testemunhas foram utilizadas a cultivar híbrida Jabras e a cultivar de pimentão Cascadura Ikeda (padrões de suscetibilidade ao patógeno). Os genótipos foram semeados em vasos contendo solo autoclavado. Quatorze dias após, as plantas foram inoculadas mediante a deposição de 3,0 mL de suspensão a 2,0x104 zoósporos/mL no solo, próximo ao coleto das plantas. A incidência da doença foi avaliada 8 dias após a inoculação. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e parcelas de quatro plantas. Os genótipos apresentaram diferentes níveis de resistência à doença, TX 10350, PHYT-043, CNPH-3001-1 e MAM-2523-1 se destacaram por apresentarem maior resistência à doença em ambos os experimentos. Contudo, nenhum dos genótipos apresentou resistência completa. Os resultados indicam o uso promissor destes genótipos para a obtenção de linhagens resistentes, visando a obtenção de cultivares híbridas resistentes à podridão de fitóftora.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Winter Squash and Pumpkin Cultivars for Age-related Resistance to Phytophthora capsici Fruit Rot

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1251-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Krasnow ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Winter Squash

Phytophthora capsici annually threatens production of cucurbit and solanaceous crops. Long-lived oospores produced by the pathogen incite primary infection of susceptible plants when conditions are wet. Limiting the rot of winter squash and pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) fruits is difficult due to the long maturation period when fruits are often in direct contact with infested soil. Genetic resistance to fruit rot is not widely available within Cucurbita sp.; however, age-related resistance (ARR) to P. capsici fruit rot develops in specific cultivars during maturation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fruits of 12 cultivars of Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita moschata, and Cucurbita maxima for ARR to P. capsici using a mycelial-plug inoculation method. All Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita moschata cultivars displayed ARR; 7 days postpollination (dpp) fruits were susceptible, limited lesion development occurred on fruits 22 dpp, and lesions did not develop at 56 dpp. Disease developed on both Cucurbita maxima cultivars tested at 7, 14, 22, and 56 dpp. Firmness of fruit exocarps was measured with a manual penetrometer. Exocarp firmness of all cultivars increased during maturation; however, there was no correlation between firmness and disease incidence among cultivars at 22 dpp (R2 = −0.01, P = 0.85). When fruits of cultivars expressing ARR at 22 dpp were wounded before inoculation, fruit rot developed.

scholarly journals Διαμόρφωση της συνεκτικότητας σάρκας στο καρπούζι και οι παράγοντες που την επηρεάζουν

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Γεώργιος Σωτηρίου
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima

Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη της διαμόρφωσης της συνεκτικότητας της σάρκας των καρπών καρπουζιού καθώς και η διερεύνηση της επίδρασης σε αυτήν προ- και μετα-συλλεκτικών παραγόντων. Ειδικότερα, διερευνήθηκε η επίδραση των κυριότερων διειδικών υβριδικών υποκειμένων Cucurbita maxima×Cucurbita moschata (ΤΖ148, Bombo και Ν-101), των κυριότερων εμπορικών διπλοειδών μεγαλόκαρπων ποικιλιών (Celebration, Gallery, Pegasus και Torpilla) και της τριπλοειδούς μικρόκαρπης ποικιλίας Extazy, της πρακτικής του εμβολιασμού (εμβολιασμός ή μη στα υβριδικά υποκείμενα και αυτό-εμβολιασμός), του σταδίου ωρίμανσης του καρπού (30-50 ημέρες από την καρπόδεση, MMA) και της μετασυλλεκτικής διατήρησης για 7 ή 14 ημέρες στους 25 °C. Τέλος, μελετήθηκαν οι δομικές ιδιότητες του πρωτογενούς κυτταρικού τοιχώματος καθώς και η λειτουργικότητα των μεμβρανών των κυττάρων της σάρκας του καρπού. Παράλληλα, επιδιώχθηκε η ανάπτυξη μεθοδολογίας και πρωτοκόλλου προσδιορισμού της συνεκτικότητας με χρήση μηχανικού αναλυτή υφής, για ενδελεχή μελέτη των παραγόντων αυτών. Η συνεκτικότητα της σάρκας αποτελεί ένα από τα σημαντικότερα οργανοληπτικά χαρακτηριστικά του καρπουζιού και ορίζεται συμβατικά ως η αντίσταση της σάρκας στη διάτρηση. Δεδομένου όμως ότι η σάρκα του καρπουζιού χαρακτηρίζεται από περιορισμένη αντίσταση στη διάτρηση, η εφαρμοζόμενη μέθοδος πρέπει να είναι ευαίσθητη, ακριβής και επαναλήψιμη. Oι ηλεκτρονικοί αναλυτές υφής που καταγράφουν την ταχύτητα διάτρησης και το βάθος μετατόπισης αποτελούν κατάλληλη μέθοδο για αξιολόγησή της. Η περιοχή προσδιορισμού είναι ένας άλλος κρίσιμος παράγοντας. H αξιολόγηση της συνεκτικότητας περιμετρικά της καρδιάς σε διατομή του καρπού αποδίδει ακριβείς μετρήσεις καθώς η συνεκτικότητα στην περιοχή αυτή είναι σχετικά ομοιόμορφη και αυξάνεται γραμμικά με το βάθος διάτρησης. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι συνεκτικότητα της σάρκας των καρπών καρπουζιού επηρεάστηκε από την ποικιλία, το στάδιο ωρίμανσης του καρπού, το υποκείμενο εμβολιασμού και τη μετασυλλεκτική διατήρηση, όχι όμως από την πρακτική του εμβολιασμού. Ωστόσο, από τους παράγοντες αυτούς την καθοριστικότερη επίδραση άσκησε το υποκείμενο. Στο στάδιο της συλλεκτικής ωριμότητας (40 ΜΜΑ), ανεξάρτητα από το υποκείμενο εμβολιοασμού, οι καρποί της τριπλοειδούς ποικιλίας Extazy είχαν κατά πολύ υψηλότερη συνεκτικότητα σάρκας από τους καρπούς των διπλοειδών ποικιλιών, που δε διέφεραν μεταξύ τους. Στη διπλοειδή ποικιλία Pegasus, η συνεκτικότητα της σάρκας μειώθηκε με την εξέλιξη της ωρίμανσης των καρπών κατά την περίοδο 30-40 ΜΜΑ, ανεξάρτητα από τον εμβολιασμό. Ανεξάρτητα από την ποικιλία, η συνεκτικότητα της σάρκας των καρπών από φυτά εμβολιασμένα σε όλα τα υποκείμενα ήταν αυξημένη σε όλη τη διάρκεια της ωρίμανσης και υποβαθμίσθηκε μετασυλλεκτικά. Ωστόσο, σε όλη τη διάρκεια της διατήρησης, οι καρποί από εμβολιασμένα φυτά διατήρησαν υψηλότερη συνεκτικότητα σάρκας. Η συνεκτικότητα διαμορφώθηκε τόσο από τον αριθμό όσο και από το μέγεθος των παρεγχυματικών κυττάρων της σάρκας του καρπού. Μάλιστα, ο σχηματισμός μεγαλύτερου αριθμού αλλά μικρότερου μεγέθους παρεγχυματικών κυττάρων αποτελεί σημαντικό παράγοντα για την αυξημένη συνεκτικότητα της σάρκας των καρπών από εμβολιασμένα φυτά. Η υπόθεση αυτή ενισχύεται επίσης από την υψηλότερη περιεκτικότητα στο υλικό κυτταρικού τοιχώματος που απομονώνεται από τη σάρκα των καρπών αυτών. Η συνεκτικότητα της σάρκας των καρπών διαμορφώνεται επίσης από τα κλάσματα των μη-διαλυτών στο νερό πηκτινών αλλά όχι από τα κλάσματα των ουδέτερων σακχάρων. Η κιτρουλλίνη συσχετίσθηκε σημαντικά με τη συνεκτικότητα της σάρκας για αυτό και η πιθανότητα εμπλοκής της στην οσμωρύθμιση των κυττάρων χρήζει περαιτέρω διερεύνησης.

scholarly journals Sensory, chemical and morphological characterization of Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata genotypes from different geographical origins

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Pevicharova ◽  
Nikolay Velkov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Geographical Regions

Cucurbita spp. is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. They are characterized by great polymorphism according plants and fruits traits. The fruits are consumed in different ways as boiled, baked, dried or processed in puree and juice. The aim of the study was to assess variation of fruit sensory, chemical and morphological characteristics of Cucurbita genotypes in order to find appropriate parental components for the future high quality breeding programme. During 2-year period nine winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) and three pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) genotypes originating from different geographical regions were tested on their morphological characters, basic chemical components and sensory profile. Cluster analysis and Principle component analysis were applied in order to identify similarities of different genotypes. According to the fruit characteristics and plant habitus significant differences were recorded. Considerable variation in the content of dry matter, ascorbic acid, total sugars, total pigments, beta-carotene and sensory assessment of the boiled fruits was established. Accession Moskatna carotina had the best flavour and chemical composition. The studied Cucurbita genotypes are a good basis for performing a breeding program to improve the sensory quality of fruits and increase basic chemical components especially those with antioxidant effect.

scholarly journals Comparative In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity and Terpenoid Profiling of Pumpkin Fruit Pulps from a Serbian Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata Breeding Collection

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1580
Author(s):  
Milorad Miljić ◽  
Gabriele Rocchetti ◽  
Sanja Krstić ◽  
Aleksandra Mišan ◽  
Milka Brdar-Jokanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Marker Compounds

Pumpkin is considered a healthy and functional food. The consumption of pumpkins and pumpkin-based foods has been shown to confer several beneficial effects on human health due to their antioxidant capacity and terpenoid content. Consequently, this study aimed to characterize the in vitro antioxidant capacity (using FRAP and ABTS assays), terpenoid profile (using an untargeted lipidomics approach via high-resolution UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry), and carotenoid content (by HPLC-DAD) in pumpkin fruit pulp from accessions differing for species (11 Cucurbita maxima and 9 Cucurbita moschata), cultivar, and origin, belonging to a Serbian breeding collection. These accessions are candidates for inclusion within programs intended to improve pumpkin fruit quality. The results obtained in this work allowed us to highlight the best marker compounds, discriminating both the region of accession collection or breeding (“origin”) and the plant species. Furthermore, our findings have helped to identify the most suitable antioxidant-rich varieties to select for national breeding programs for improving human health. These findings provide valuable information to the overall current understanding of the potential health benefits of pumpkins and the discriminant triterpenoids underlying the C. maxima and C. moschata accessions investigated here, which include those of Serbian and non-Serbian origin.

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