Physiological response of Bajra-Napier Hybrids and Tri-Specific Hybrid to salinity stressPhysiological response of Bajra-Napier Hybrids and Tri-Specific Hybrid to salinity stress

Physiological responses of 3 Bajra-Napier (Cenchrus spp., syn. Pennisetum spp.) hybrid varieties, viz. BNH-3, BNH-6, BNH-10, and 1 ttri-specific hybrid (TSH) were tested under different gradients of soil salinity, i.e. Control, 4, 6 and 8 dS/m electric conductivity (EC), in a pot trial. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. Shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root:shoot ratio and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were reduced with increasing salinity level as compared with Control. However, the concentration of Na+ in leaves increased and K+ concentration decreased with increasing salinity level. Physiological parameters, i.e. relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), chlorophyll stability index, carotenoid stability index and K+: Na+ ratio, in leaves tended to be higher in the BNH-3 variety than in other varieties. Shoot dry weight showed highly positive significant correlation with RWC, MSI, K+ concentration and K+:Na+ ratio, while it was negatively correlated with Na+ concentration (P<0.01) All BN hybrid varieties and the tri-specific hybrid studied were susceptible to salinity stress, showing marked reductions in growth as the level of salinity increased above 4 dS/m. However, even at salinity levels producing EC of 8 dS/m these varieties still produced 25‒44% DM yields. There are prospects for improving forage yields from saline soils by planting these hybrids but further breeding studies are warranted to identify germplasm with greater tolerance of saline conditions if these soils are to be utilized effectively to contribute more to supplying forage to support the world’s ruminant population.

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Effect of Salinity Levels (NaCl) on Yield, Yield Components and Quality Content of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Cultivars

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ◽

10.5296/emsd.v5i2.9852 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Helale Bahrami ◽

Amir Ostadi Jafari ◽

Jamshid Razmjoo

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Tap Water ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Salinity Levels

Seeds of ten sesame cultivars (Karaj, Darab, Safiabad, Jiroft, Borazjan, Yellow-white, Felestin, Ultan, Isfahan and Abpakhsh) were sown into soil filled pots in 2008 and 2009. Pots were watered with six levels of salts (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m-1 NaCl) until full maturity. Plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of cultivars were measured. Increasing salinity caused significant reduction in plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of all cultivars. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level. Based on seed oil yield data, Safiabad and Kraj at 0.0038ds.m-1, Safiabad and Ultan at 4.89ds.m-1, Ultan, Safiabad and Darab at 8.61 salinity levels were the superior cultivars. High variability in tolerance to salinity among the tested sesame cultivars suggests that selection of more salt tolerant cultivars for planting or breeding purposes is possible.HighlightsEffects of contrasting salinity levels (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m-1NaCl) on sesame cultivars were tested. Salinity reduced plant growth and yield and seed oil and protein contents. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level.

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Integrated effects of bacteria and fungi biofertilizers on morphological traits, antioxidants indices, and polyphenol compounds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under salinity condition

10.21203/rs.3.rs-123080/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giti Karimi ◽

Latifeh Pourakbar ◽

Sina Siavash Moghaddam ◽

Jelena Popović-Djordjević

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cinnamic Acids ◽

Polyphenol Compounds ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract It is imperative to assess the potential of halophyte plant species, such as quinoa, in resisting high salinity levels in arid and semi-arid regions where the productivity of crops is dramatically affected. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted to explore the effect of integrated biofertilizer, on morphological traits, antioxidants, and polyphenol compounds of quinoa under salinity stress. The studied factors included NaCl salinity stress at three levels of 0, 150, and 300 mM (S0, S150, and S300, respectively), Trichoderma (T) fungus at two levels (its use and non-use), and biofertilizer at three levels (control, nitrogen (FN), and phosphorus (FP). The means of the studied traits showed that the highest shoot length and dry weight was related to S0T0FN, the highest root length to S150TFN, the highest root dry weight to S0T0FN, and the highest phenol and flavonoid contents to S300TFP and S0TFN treatments. Among polyphenols, the highest caffeic acid, rutin, coumaric acid, and quercetin were observed in S0TFP, and the highest levels of chlorogenic, rosmarinic, cinnamic acids, and apigenin (mg/kg) were observed in S0TFN. To sum up, Bacteria and fungi biofertilizers were effective on the studied traits at the three salinity levels.

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PRODUCTION COMPONENTS OF Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) IRRIGATED WITH BRACKISH WATER UNDER DIFFERENT LEACHING FRACTIONS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n422rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 966-975

Author(s):

JOSÉ FRANCISCO DE CARVALHO ◽

ÊNIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA E SILVA ◽

GERÔNIMO FERREIRA DA SILVA ◽

MÁRIO MONTEIRO ROLIM ◽

ELVIRA MARIA REGIS PEDROSA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Plant Root ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Leaching ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Salinity Levels

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the production components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) subjected to irrigation with brackish water and different leaching fractions. The experiment was conducted in a lysimeter system of the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife campus. The treatments, consisting of two water salinity levels (ECw) (1.2 and 3.3 dS m-1) and five leaching fractions (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%), were evaluated using a completely randomized design in a 2x5 factorial arrangement with four replications. The variables evaluated were: number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, number of grains per pod, grain and shoot dry weight, grain yield and harvest index. The soil salinity increased with increasing salinity of the water used for irrigation, and reduced with increasing leaching fraction. The salinity of the water used for irrigation influenced only the variables number of pods per plant and grain yield. The estimated leaching fractions of 9.1% and 9.6% inhibited the damage caused by salinity on the number of pods per plant and grain yield, respectively. Therefore, the production of V. unguiculata irrigated with brackish water, leaching salts from the plant root environment, is possible under the conditions evaluated.

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Mitigation of salt stress in strawberry by foliar K, Ca and Mg nutrient supply

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/383-pse ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 213-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

E. Yildirim ◽

H. Karlidag ◽

M. Turan

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Plant Root ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Supply ◽

Stress Treatment ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Foliar Nutrient ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content

Plant root and shoot dry weight, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and chlorophyll content were reduced by 30%, 21%, 15%, 34%, respectively, at 40mM NaCl as compared to non-salt stress conditions. However, membrane permeability (MP) of plant increased (85.0%) with increasing salinity. Foliar nutrient application (FNA) alleviated deleterious effects of salinity stress on growth and this effect was statistically significant. The highest alleviation effect of FNA at 40mM salinity stress was observed in the case of 10mM foliar KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 application, resulting in increase in plant root dry weight (50%), shoot dry weight (50%), LRWC (8.2%) and MP decrease (27.4%) at 40mM NaCl. Phosphorus, Fe and Zn contents in shoots and roots of plants also increased with FNA treatments, but they were still much lower than those of non-salt stress treatment. Sulphur, P, Fe and Zn contents of shoots reached similar values as in non-salt stress treatment when KNO3 was applied, whereas Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents of roots reached the values of non-salt stress treatment when Ca(NO3)2 was applied.

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Effect of Salinity Stress on Different Root and Shoot Traits of Selected Tomato Cultivars

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/ajarr/2020/v8i130188 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md. Omar Kayess ◽

Md. Lutfar Rahman ◽

Kawsar Ahmed ◽

Md. Riad Khan ◽

Md. Sahadat Hossan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salinity Treatment ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Tomato Genotypes

An in-vitro test was conducted at the laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh to screen out the tomato genotypes were screened for salt tolerance during germination. The test was conducted in the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) utilizing three replications. Ten tomato genotypes specifically BARI Tomato-2, BARI Tomato-3, BARI Tomato-5, BARI Tomato-11, BARI Tomato-14, BARI Tomato-16, Mintoo, Unnoyon, Mintoo Super and Sawsan were germinated on sand bed watered with five levels of salinity treatment i.e. 0, 4,8,12 and 16 dSm-1. The test was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The days to 50% germination was maximum in Unnoyon genotype in all the treatments [1]. BARI Tomato-3 showed the minimum value in most of the cases. Root and shoot parameters like root length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, ratio on root and shoot fresh weight, ratio on root and shoot dry weight were the highest in BARI Tomato-2, Mintoo and Unnoyon, in contrast, the lowest performance of these traits were revealed in BARI Tomato-16 and BARI Tomato-3 at higher salinity treatment (12 and 16 dSm-1) than other genotypes in most of the cases. The overall results of the experiment exhibited BARI Tomato-2, Mintoo and Unnoyon found to be the more tolerant genotypes at higher salinity stress in respect of days to 50% germination and root and shoot characters than other genotypes.

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Short Communication: The tolerance level of local sorghum genotypes from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts, Indonesia to saline soil

Tropical Drylands ◽

10.13057/tropdrylands/t020101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

YOKE. I. BENGGU ◽

ELIAS ST. O. NGURU

Keyword(s):

Saline Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Chemistry Laboratory ◽

Tolerance Level ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sorghum Variety ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Weight Analysis ◽

Sorghum Genotypes

Benggu YI, Nguru ESO. 2018. The tolerance level of local sorghum genotypes from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts, Indonesia to saline soil. Trop Drylands 2: 1-4. A study aimed to determine the level of tolerance of local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts to saline soil had been conducted in the experimental field and soil chemistry laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Nusa Cendana, from June to October 2016. The study was designed in a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design with 15 treatments and three replications. The first factor was the variety of sorghum, consisting of three levels: local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua, local sorghum from Belu, Numbu variety. The second factor was the salinity levels of Vertisol, composed of five levels, i.e., 0, 6, 8, 10 and 12 mmos.cm-1. Variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, flowering date, and seed dry weight. Analysis of variance was conducted followed by Tukey test (5%). The result showed that there was an interaction effect between sorghum variety and salinity level of soil on all variables observed. In general, all varieties of sorghum grew normally with soil salinity level ranged from 0 to 8 mmos.cm-1. At salinity level of 8 to 12 mmos.cm-1, seedlings grew for a few weeks then gradually wilted and died. Local sorghum from Belu and Numbu variety were semi or moderate tolerant to salinity while local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua was sensitive.

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Assessment of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Responses of Tomato Landraces to Salinity Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 696

Author(s):

Reem H. Alzahib ◽

Hussein M. Migdadi ◽

Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi ◽

Mona S. Alwahibi ◽

Abdullah A. Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Proline Content ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Carotene Content ◽

Antioxidants Activity ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Salinity Levels

Understanding salt tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces will facilitate their use in genetic improvement. The study assessed the morpho-physiological variability of Hail tomato landraces in response to different salinity levels at seedling stages and recommended a tomato salt-tolerant landrace for future breeding programs. Three tomato landraces, Hail 548, Hail 747, and Hail 1072 were tested under three salinity levels: 75, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Salinity stress reduced shoots’ fresh and dry weight by 71% and 72%, and roots were 86.5% and 78.6%, respectively. There was 22% reduced chlorophyll content, carotene content by 18.6%, and anthocyanin by 41.1%. Proline content increased for stressed treatments. The 300 mM NaCl treatment recorded the most proline content increases (67.37 mg/g fresh weight), with a percent increase in proline reaching 61.67% in Hail 747. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased by 65% in Hail 548, while it relatively increased in Hail 747 and Hail 1072 treated with 300 mM NaCl. Catalase (CAT) activity was enhanced by salt stress in Hail 548 and recorded 7.6%, increasing at 75 and 5.1% at 300 mM NaCl. It revealed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) at the 300 mM NaCl concentration in both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 landraces. Increasing salt concentrations showed a reduction in transpiration rate of 70.55%, 7.13% in stomatal conductance, and 72.34% in photosynthetic rate. K+/Na+ ratios decreased from 56% for 75 mM NaCl to 85% for 300 mM NaCl treatments in all genotypes. The response to salt stress in landraces involved some modifications in morphology, physiology, and metabolism. The landrace Hail 548 may have better protection against salt stress and observed protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing enzymatic “antioxidants” activity under salt stress.

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Amelioration of salinity stress on transplant Aman rice through green manure and gypsum

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v17i1.23670 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

MZ Siam ◽

SS Hossain ◽

AK Hassan ◽

MA Kader

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Green Manure ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Stress Effect ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Ameliorative Effect ◽

Salinity Levels

An experiment was conducted at the net house of Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to December 2012to investigate the ameliorative effect of green manure and gypsum application on the yield of transplant Aman rice variety BRRI dhan40 under various levels salinity stress. Sodium chloride induced salinity was imposed at tillering stage of plant development. The levels of salinity were 0, 25 and 50 mM NaCl. Green manure @ 0, 5 and 10 t ha gypsum @ 0 and 1 g kg-1 and 1 soil were applied to ameliorate the salinity stress effect. 1 g kg-1 soil were applied to ameliorate the salinity stress effect. Results revealed that the different levels of salinity had significant adverse effect on plant height, number of tillers hill-1, number of effective tillers hill-1, number of ineffective tillers hill-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index (HI). All the plants were affected badly when they were exposed to salinity level of 50 mM NaCl. Application of green manure and gypsum helped them ameiorate salinity either individually or in combination at all salinity levels. Grain yield reduction at 50 mM salinity level was 38.64% compared to control which was minimized to 19.04% by the application of green manure @ 10 t ha-1. Grain yield reduction was also minimized from 37.08% to 27% at the same level of salinity by the application of gypsum@ 1 g kg-1soil. Similar amelioration effect was also observed in case of straw yield. The amelioration was improved further when both green manure and gypsum were applied. Without any salinity stress grain yield was 4.49 t ha-1, which was reduced to 2.61 t ha-1 (41.87% reduction) when the crop was stressed with 50 mM salinity. Application of green manure @ 10 t ha-1 and gypsum @ 1 g kg-1 soil improved grain yield to 4.00 t ha-1, where yield reduction was just 10.91%. Similar improvement was also found in straw yield. The results of the study conclude that salinity stress in transplant Aman rice var. BRRI dhan40 could successfully be ameliorated through application of green manure@ 10 t ha-1 and gypsum@ 1 g kg-1 soil.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 1-10

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Efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Indigenous Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Pucuk Gosale (Syzygium Malaccense (L.) Merr & L.M Perry)

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.9.3.211-216 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

Steffani Silferansti Tak ◽

Irdika Mansur ◽

Prijanto Pamungkas

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Quality ◽

New Production ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Local Plant ◽

Height Increase ◽

Inoculation Treatment ◽

Amf Inoculation

Gosale (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry) that belongs to the Myrtaceae family is one of the leading local plant species grown in Halmahera, North Maluku. Some problems in gosale breeding such as limited seed availability, low seed production due to seasonal fruiting and the nature of seeds that can not be stored for a long period (recalcitrant), suggest an alternative new production technique through a vegetative propagation (shoot cutting). Moreover, Improved seedling quality can be attempted by AMF inoculation, in which AMF at shoot cuttings play a role in initiating the formation of adventive roots. This study was conducted for 9 months using completely randomized design (CRD) with indigenous AMF inoculation treatment. The results showed that gosale cuttings that planted with indigenous AMF inoculation were effective at all observed variables. Inoculum AMF inoculated without the addition of host plant Pueria javanica at gosale shoot cuttings suggested the best treatment. The treatment of inoculum AMF from Kusumadehe (M1) obtained the best result in the variable of plant height increase, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root, root shoot ratio), and seedling quality index. While the treatment of Inoculum AMF from Soakonora revealed the highest result in the variable of plant diameter increase and AMF colonization.Keywords: gosale, shoot cuttings, AMF, Pueraria javanica, West Halmahera

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Impact of Exogenous Applications of Salicylic Acid on the Tolerance to Drought Stress in Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Plants

10.21203/rs.3.rs-116192/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

zahra khazaei ◽

Asghar Estaji

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water

Abstract Background: Drought is also one of the most widespread abiotic stresses that adversely effects the growth and development of plants. To investigate the effect of salicylic acid and drought stress on several physiological and chemical reactions in sweet pepper plants, the experiment was achieved as a factorial based on a completely randomized design in greenhouse. Drought stress levels were non-stress conditions (irrigation with field capacity), moderate stress (30% field capacity irrigation) and intense water stress (60% field capacity irrigation) and three concentrations of salicylic acid included 0 (as control), 0.5 and 1 mM were sprayed on the plant in three to four leaf stages. Results: The results showed that drought decreased fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf relative water content (RWC), fruit diameter and length, the index including chlorophyll and leaf area and increased electrical conductivity (EC), antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, ascorbate, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. After application of foliar salicylic acid, all of the above parameters, except the electrical conductivity content, increased. Conclusions: From the results of this experiment it is concluded that salicylic acid provides a better tolerance for drought stress in pepper plant through its influence on vegetative, biochemical and physiological characteristics.

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