Short Communication: The tolerance level of local sorghum genotypes from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts, Indonesia to saline soil

Benggu YI, Nguru ESO. 2018. The tolerance level of local sorghum genotypes from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts, Indonesia to saline soil. Trop Drylands 2: 1-4. A study aimed to determine the level of tolerance of local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts to saline soil had been conducted in the experimental field and soil chemistry laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Nusa Cendana, from June to October 2016. The study was designed in a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design with 15 treatments and three replications. The first factor was the variety of sorghum, consisting of three levels: local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua, local sorghum from Belu, Numbu variety. The second factor was the salinity levels of Vertisol, composed of five levels, i.e., 0, 6, 8, 10 and 12 mmos.cm-1. Variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, flowering date, and seed dry weight. Analysis of variance was conducted followed by Tukey test (5%). The result showed that there was an interaction effect between sorghum variety and salinity level of soil on all variables observed. In general, all varieties of sorghum grew normally with soil salinity level ranged from 0 to 8 mmos.cm-1. At salinity level of 8 to 12 mmos.cm-1, seedlings grew for a few weeks then gradually wilted and died. Local sorghum from Belu and Numbu variety were semi or moderate tolerant to salinity while local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua was sensitive.

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Physiological response of Bajra-Napier Hybrids and Tri-Specific Hybrid to salinity stressPhysiological response of Bajra-Napier Hybrids and Tri-Specific Hybrid to salinity stress

Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales ◽

10.17138/tgft(9)337-347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 337-347

Author(s):

Seva Nayak Dheeravathu ◽

Kajal Singh ◽

Pramod W. Ramteke ◽

Reetu - ◽

Nilamani Dikshit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Stability Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

K Concentration ◽

Specific Hybrid

Physiological responses of 3 Bajra-Napier (Cenchrus spp., syn. Pennisetum spp.) hybrid varieties, viz. BNH-3, BNH-6, BNH-10, and 1 ttri-specific hybrid (TSH) were tested under different gradients of soil salinity, i.e. Control, 4, 6 and 8 dS/m electric conductivity (EC), in a pot trial. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. Shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root:shoot ratio and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were reduced with increasing salinity level as compared with Control. However, the concentration of Na+ in leaves increased and K+ concentration decreased with increasing salinity level. Physiological parameters, i.e. relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), chlorophyll stability index, carotenoid stability index and K+: Na+ ratio, in leaves tended to be higher in the BNH-3 variety than in other varieties. Shoot dry weight showed highly positive significant correlation with RWC, MSI, K+ concentration and K+:Na+ ratio, while it was negatively correlated with Na+ concentration (P<0.01) All BN hybrid varieties and the tri-specific hybrid studied were susceptible to salinity stress, showing marked reductions in growth as the level of salinity increased above 4 dS/m. However, even at salinity levels producing EC of 8 dS/m these varieties still produced 25‒44% DM yields. There are prospects for improving forage yields from saline soils by planting these hybrids but further breeding studies are warranted to identify germplasm with greater tolerance of saline conditions if these soils are to be utilized effectively to contribute more to supplying forage to support the world’s ruminant population.

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Effect of Salinity Levels (NaCl) on Yield, Yield Components and Quality Content of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Cultivars

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ◽

10.5296/emsd.v5i2.9852 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Helale Bahrami ◽

Amir Ostadi Jafari ◽

Jamshid Razmjoo

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Tap Water ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Salinity Levels

Seeds of ten sesame cultivars (Karaj, Darab, Safiabad, Jiroft, Borazjan, Yellow-white, Felestin, Ultan, Isfahan and Abpakhsh) were sown into soil filled pots in 2008 and 2009. Pots were watered with six levels of salts (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m-1 NaCl) until full maturity. Plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of cultivars were measured. Increasing salinity caused significant reduction in plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of all cultivars. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level. Based on seed oil yield data, Safiabad and Kraj at 0.0038ds.m-1, Safiabad and Ultan at 4.89ds.m-1, Ultan, Safiabad and Darab at 8.61 salinity levels were the superior cultivars. High variability in tolerance to salinity among the tested sesame cultivars suggests that selection of more salt tolerant cultivars for planting or breeding purposes is possible.HighlightsEffects of contrasting salinity levels (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m-1NaCl) on sesame cultivars were tested. Salinity reduced plant growth and yield and seed oil and protein contents. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level.

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Closing Yield Gaps through Soil Improvement for Maize Production in Coastal Saline Soil

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9100573 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 573 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jishi Zhang ◽

Xilong Jiang ◽

Yanfang Xue ◽

Zongxin Li ◽

Botao Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

High Salinity ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Improvement ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Coastal Saline Soil ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Yield Gaps

As efforts to close crop production yield gaps increase, the need has emerged to identify cost-effective strategies to reduce yield losses through soil improvement. Maize (Zea mays L.) production in coastal saline soil is limited by high salinity and high pH, and a limited number of soil amendment options are available. We performed a field experiment in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the ability of combined flue gas desulfurization gypsum and furfural residue application (CA) to reduce the maize yield gap and improve soil properties. We carried out the same amendment treatments (CA and no amendment as a control) under moderate (electrical conductivity (EC1:1) ≈ 4 dS m−1) and high (EC1:1 ≈ 6 dS m−1) salinity levels. Averaged over all salinity levels and years, maize yields increased from 32.6% of yield potential in the control to 44.2% with the CA treatments. Post-harvest CA treatment increased the calcium (Ca2+) and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents while decreasing the sodium (Na+) content and pH in the upper soil layer. Corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium accumulations in maize were significantly increased, and Na accumulation was decreased in the CA group compared with the control. The economic return associated with CA treatment increased by 215 $ ha−1 at the high salinity level compared with the control, but decreased at the moderate salinity level because of the minor increase in yield. The results of this study provide insight into the reduction of yield gaps by addressing soil constraints.

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Salt tolerance evaluation and relative comparison in cuttings of different omegranate cultivar

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/158/2009-pse ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 176-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A.R. Okhovatian-Ardakani ◽

M. Mehrabanian ◽

F. Dehghani ◽

A. Akbarzadeh

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Water Drainage ◽

Two Factors ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

A pot experiment was conducted during a two-year period in order to evaluate and compare the salinity tolerance of 10 Iranian commercial cultivars of pomegranate. Pots were arranged in a split plot design with two factors included water salinity as main plot in 3 levels of 4, 7 and 10 dS/m and 10 pomegranate cultivars as sub-plot and 3 replications. The properties concerned during the experiment were vegetative growth, percentage of alive cuttings after 2 month and the necrosis and chlorosis of leaves. In the end of the experiment the vegetative yield and root dry weight were also measured. In addition, irrigation water, drainage water, soil in plots, root, stem and leaves were analyzed for elements such as Na+ and Cl–. The obtained results indicated that the best vegetative growth conditions were related to Voshike -e- Saravan and Tab -o- Larz cultivars at 4 and 7 dS/m salinity levels, respectively. Moreover, the most significant percentage of alive cuttings was related to Voshike -e- Saravan cultivar at each of the three studied salinity levels. Similarly, this cultivar had the minimum values of leaves necrosis and chlorosis at all three levels of salinity. Furthermore, the highest level of fresh yield was related to Zagh cultivar at 4 dS/m salinity level. The highest values of total Na+ and Cl– were observed in shoots and leaves of Zagh and Voshike -e- Saravan cultivars at 10 dS/m salinity level as well. In general, Voshike -e- Saravan is the most salinity-resistant cultivar among 10 studied cultivars. Besides, Malas -e- yazdi and Tab -o- larz can be planted as salinity resistant cultivars in the second hand. Other cultivar cuttings were not resistant in salinity and finally died (even after the second year) and three cultivars of Gabri, Malas -e- Esfahani and Khafri -e- Jahrom were the most sensitive cultivars with the lowest salinity resistance.

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Integrated effects of bacteria and fungi biofertilizers on morphological traits, antioxidants indices, and polyphenol compounds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under salinity condition

10.21203/rs.3.rs-123080/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giti Karimi ◽

Latifeh Pourakbar ◽

Sina Siavash Moghaddam ◽

Jelena Popović-Djordjević

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cinnamic Acids ◽

Polyphenol Compounds ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract It is imperative to assess the potential of halophyte plant species, such as quinoa, in resisting high salinity levels in arid and semi-arid regions where the productivity of crops is dramatically affected. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted to explore the effect of integrated biofertilizer, on morphological traits, antioxidants, and polyphenol compounds of quinoa under salinity stress. The studied factors included NaCl salinity stress at three levels of 0, 150, and 300 mM (S0, S150, and S300, respectively), Trichoderma (T) fungus at two levels (its use and non-use), and biofertilizer at three levels (control, nitrogen (FN), and phosphorus (FP). The means of the studied traits showed that the highest shoot length and dry weight was related to S0T0FN, the highest root length to S150TFN, the highest root dry weight to S0T0FN, and the highest phenol and flavonoid contents to S300TFP and S0TFN treatments. Among polyphenols, the highest caffeic acid, rutin, coumaric acid, and quercetin were observed in S0TFP, and the highest levels of chlorogenic, rosmarinic, cinnamic acids, and apigenin (mg/kg) were observed in S0TFN. To sum up, Bacteria and fungi biofertilizers were effective on the studied traits at the three salinity levels.

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Induksi mutasi kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) dengan sodium azida pada tanah salin

Journal of Agro Complex ◽

10.14710/joac.3.1.1-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Nurul Fajriyah ◽

Karno Karno ◽

Florentina Kusmiyati

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Sodium Azide ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Lethal Dosage ◽

Pod Number

ABSTRACT Mutation is one of plant breeding ways to expand genetic diversity. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the effect of sodium azide mutagen on soybean variety Dering 1 at saline and non-saline soil. The research was arranged in Factorial Design based on Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors. The first factor was doses of Sodium Azide consisted of 0 mM, 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM, dan 0.4 mM, 0.8 mM, 1.6 mM, 3.2 mM, 6.4 mM, 12.8 mM, and 25.6 mM. The second factor was salinity levels consisted of 0 dS/m, 2 dS/m and 5 dS/m. Parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, number of pods, weight of pod, number of seeds, and weight of seeds per plant on M1 generation. Result showed that lethal dosage (LD) 50 was obtained at 0,663 mM. Sodium azide mutagent caused diversity of plant height, number of leaves at saline and non-saline soil. There was 10 plants and 3 plants that was classified as tolerant and most tolerant at saline soil (2 dS/m) respectively. Keywords : soybean, sodium azide, saline soil ABSTRAK Mutasi adalah salah satu cara pemuliaan tanaman untuk memperluas kergaman genetik. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh mutagen sodium azida terhadap kedelai varietas Dering 1 pada tanah salin dan non-salin. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan di greenhouse adalah Percobaan Faktorial dengan dasar Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah dosis mutagen kimia Sodium Azide (SA) yang terdiri dari 11 taraf perlakuan yaitu 0 mM, 0,05 mM, 0,1 mM, 0,2 mM, dan 0,4 mM, 0,8 mM, 1,6 mM, 3,2 mM, 6,4 mM, 12,8 mM, 25,6 mM. Faktor kedua adalah tingkat salinitas yaitu 0 dS/m, 2 dS/m dan 5 dS/m. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah polong, berat polong, jumlah biji, dan berat biji per tanaman pada generasi M1. Hasil penlitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis letal median (LD50) diperoleh pada 0,663 mM. Mutagen sodium azida menyebabkan keragaman tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun pada tanah salin dan non-salin. Terdapat 10 tanaman dan 3 tanaman yang masing-masing tergolong tahan dan sangat tahan pada tanah salin (2 dS/m). Kata kunci : kedelai, sodium azida, tanah salin

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PRODUCTION COMPONENTS OF Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) IRRIGATED WITH BRACKISH WATER UNDER DIFFERENT LEACHING FRACTIONS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n422rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 966-975

Author(s):

JOSÉ FRANCISCO DE CARVALHO ◽

ÊNIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA E SILVA ◽

GERÔNIMO FERREIRA DA SILVA ◽

MÁRIO MONTEIRO ROLIM ◽

ELVIRA MARIA REGIS PEDROSA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Plant Root ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Leaching ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Salinity Levels

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the production components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) subjected to irrigation with brackish water and different leaching fractions. The experiment was conducted in a lysimeter system of the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife campus. The treatments, consisting of two water salinity levels (ECw) (1.2 and 3.3 dS m-1) and five leaching fractions (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%), were evaluated using a completely randomized design in a 2x5 factorial arrangement with four replications. The variables evaluated were: number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, number of grains per pod, grain and shoot dry weight, grain yield and harvest index. The soil salinity increased with increasing salinity of the water used for irrigation, and reduced with increasing leaching fraction. The salinity of the water used for irrigation influenced only the variables number of pods per plant and grain yield. The estimated leaching fractions of 9.1% and 9.6% inhibited the damage caused by salinity on the number of pods per plant and grain yield, respectively. Therefore, the production of V. unguiculata irrigated with brackish water, leaching salts from the plant root environment, is possible under the conditions evaluated.

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Effect of planting date and density on calendula and peppermint herbs

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v1i1.4241 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Rahim Mohammadian ◽

Behnam Tahmasebpour ◽

Peyvand Samimifar

Keyword(s):

Mutual Effect ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Planting Date ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Flower Number ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Total Maximum

A factorial experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of planting date and density on calendula herbs and peppermint. It had 3 replicates and was done in Khosroshahr research farm, Tabriz in 2006. Under studied factors were: 3 planting dates (10 May, 25 May and 10 June) in 4 densities (25, 35, 45, 55) of the plant in square meters. The results of variance a nalysis showed that there was 1% probability significant difference between the effects of planting date and bush density on the leave number, bush height and the bush dry weight. But the mutual effect of the plant date in mentioned traits density was insignificant. Regarding the traits mean comparison, the total maximum dry weight was about the 55 bush density in mm. Also, the bush high density in mm causes the bush growth and its mass reduction. When there is the density grain, the flower number will increase due to bush grain in surface unit. Overall, we can conclude that 10 June planting and 45 bush density in mm is the most suitable items and results in favored production with high essence for these crops.

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Respon Akar Bibit Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata) Di Pembibitan Pada Pemberian Dosis dan Interval Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa

Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.24903/ajip.v7i1.368 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Yetti Elidar

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Treatment Combination ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dose Study ◽

Palm Sugar ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Leaf Dry Weight

Research on the response of roots of palm sugar palm seeds (Arenga pinnata) in nurseries at doses and intervals of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer. Aims to determine the dosage, interval and combination of dosages and fertilization intervals with Nasa liquid organic fertilizer which can provide the best dry weight of the roots in the nursery. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3x3 factorial experiments and each treatment was repeated 8 (eight) times, consisting of: the first factor was the treatment of POC Nasa dose in a concentration of 3 cc POC Nasa per liter of water (D) consists of 3 levels, namely: d1 = 300 ml POC Nasa, d2 = 400 ml POC Nasa, d3 = 500 ml POC Nasa, while the second factor is the treatment of POC Nasa Interval (I) consisting of 3 levels, namely: i1 = 2 once a week, i2 = once every 3 weeks, i3 = once every 4 weeks. The results of the POC Nasa dose study had a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level are: d2 (400 ml of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer), the interval of liquid organic fertilizer Nasa has a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level is: i1 (once every 2 weeks). The treatment combination has no significant effect on all parameters.

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Assessment of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Responses of Tomato Landraces to Salinity Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 696

Author(s):

Reem H. Alzahib ◽

Hussein M. Migdadi ◽

Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi ◽

Mona S. Alwahibi ◽

Abdullah A. Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Proline Content ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Carotene Content ◽

Antioxidants Activity ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Salinity Levels

Understanding salt tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces will facilitate their use in genetic improvement. The study assessed the morpho-physiological variability of Hail tomato landraces in response to different salinity levels at seedling stages and recommended a tomato salt-tolerant landrace for future breeding programs. Three tomato landraces, Hail 548, Hail 747, and Hail 1072 were tested under three salinity levels: 75, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Salinity stress reduced shoots’ fresh and dry weight by 71% and 72%, and roots were 86.5% and 78.6%, respectively. There was 22% reduced chlorophyll content, carotene content by 18.6%, and anthocyanin by 41.1%. Proline content increased for stressed treatments. The 300 mM NaCl treatment recorded the most proline content increases (67.37 mg/g fresh weight), with a percent increase in proline reaching 61.67% in Hail 747. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased by 65% in Hail 548, while it relatively increased in Hail 747 and Hail 1072 treated with 300 mM NaCl. Catalase (CAT) activity was enhanced by salt stress in Hail 548 and recorded 7.6%, increasing at 75 and 5.1% at 300 mM NaCl. It revealed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) at the 300 mM NaCl concentration in both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 landraces. Increasing salt concentrations showed a reduction in transpiration rate of 70.55%, 7.13% in stomatal conductance, and 72.34% in photosynthetic rate. K+/Na+ ratios decreased from 56% for 75 mM NaCl to 85% for 300 mM NaCl treatments in all genotypes. The response to salt stress in landraces involved some modifications in morphology, physiology, and metabolism. The landrace Hail 548 may have better protection against salt stress and observed protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing enzymatic “antioxidants” activity under salt stress.

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