scholarly journals Almacenamiento energético frente al inminente paradigma renovable: el rol de las baterías ion-litio y las perspectivas sudamericanas/Energy storage towards the imminent renewable paradigm: the role of ion-lithium batteries and South American perspectives

2018 ◽  
pp. 108-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ariel Kazimierski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy System ◽  
South American ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Energy ◽  
A Current

El actual sistema energético mundial se caracteriza por una alta dependencia de los combustibles fósiles, un paradigma que empieza a encontrar dificultades en tanto se agotan las reservas existentes y aumentan los costos ecológicos. Así, la incorporación de energías renovables, su generación en forma distribuida y el crecimiento del parque automotor eléctrico, se presentan como la triada más prometedora en la conformación de un nuevo paradigma más eficiente y sustentable. Este artículo se centra en la importancia que adquieren los acumuladores energéticos ante este panorama, principalmente por su rol en la estabilización de las redes y posibilitar el autoconsumo y la propulsión eléctrica. Identifica en las baterías de ion-litio un abanico de posibilidades para Sudamérica, que posee las reservas más importantes de litio en el mundo, incorporando la idea del desarrollo dentro del nuevo patrón energético y en un mercado actual y potencial de grandes dimensiones. Abstract The current global energy system is characterized by a high dependence on fossil fuels, a paradigm that begins to encounter difficulties as existing reserves are depleted and ecological costs increase. Thus, the incorporation of renewable energies, their generation in a distributed form and the growth of the electric motor park, are presented as the most promising triad in the conformation of a new, more efficient and sustainable paradigm. This article focuses on the importance that energy accumulators acquire in this scenario, mainly due to their role in stabilizing networks and enabling self-consumption and electric propulsion. It identifies lithium-ion batteries with a wide range of possibilities for South America, which has the most important reserves of lithium in the world, incorporating the idea of ​​development within the new energy pattern and in a current and potential market of large dimensions.

The role of fossil fuels in a sustainable energy system

UN Chronicle ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Foster ◽  
David Elzinga
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

scholarly journals Enhanced oil recovery with carbon dioxide geosequestration: first steps at Pre-salt in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1429-1441
Author(s):  
José Maria Alves Godoi ◽  
Patrícia Helena Lara dos Santos Matai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The World

AbstractThis paper revisits the intense using of energy in the world and the role of the fossil fuels with predominance of the oil in the global primary energy supply and their effects to climate change. It also presents a new reading on the thermodynamic conditions and characteristics of CO2 and CO2-EOR together with oil industry advancement in the world and Brazil. The interface with chemical EOR processes involving nanoparticles (NPs), their application inside the reservoirs for EOR and understanding of fines migration reducing, among other physical phenomena is also studied. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a worldwide strategy for mitigating climate change. CO2 geosequestration is also analyzed on the leakage of CO2 and brine from aquifers and their implication to the security of the storage and environment. Recent studies show that, globally, CO2-EOR can extract up to 375 billion of additional oil barrels and geological storage up to 360 Gt of CO2 in the next 50 years. Pre-salt is a complex of microbial carbonate reservoirs with stromatolite framework in ultra-deep waters (1500–3000) m depth, underneath by thick salt layer (2000–2500) m. Its reservoirs are in the depth up to (5500–6500) m TVDSS and approximately (200–300) km offshore. It presents light oils and high (GOR) ranging (200–400) Sm3/Sm3 and huge CO2 contamination (8–15)%. Due to the large CO2 content of oil, this work investigated CO2-EOR and CO2 geosequestration within the reservoirs. Pilot test demonstrated that miscible CO2-EOR with WAG is feasible and beneficial to this hydrocarbon Province. This study also calculated and validated the potential of CO2-EOR to the CCS. It concludes that Pre-salt can contribute to recovery factor (RF) increasing about 5.7 billion of additional oil barrels, and to CCS with about 266 Mt CO2 to be geological stored, for the next 20 years. In this context, this work also analyses the recent changes on the Brazilian oil and gas regulation to encourage new international Companies to enter in Brazil and Pre-salt for petroleum exploring. In Pre-salt, CO2-EOR also connects the petroleum energy system to CCS, transforming the oil reservoir in a carbon sink. These results represent a substantial role of Pre-salt to the energy efficiency of energy resources recovering from the biosphere and a high contribution to the climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Improvement of lithium-ion rechargeable battery (LIRB) for Electric Ships

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (4) ◽  
pp. 042100
Author(s):  
V Romanovsky ◽  
B Nikiforov ◽  
A Avramenko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Rechargeable Battery ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Power Semiconductor ◽  
Power Semiconductor Devices ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The rapid improvement of lithium-ion rechargeable battery (LIRB) has given a powerful impetus to the development of environmentally friendly, powerful and universal for use on ships and underwater vehicles. The practice of building electric ships for many years has confirmed the effectiveness of electric propulsion for many types of vessels. Organically, electric propulsion fits into icebreakers and those vessels whose operation is associated with increased maneuvering modes and variable loads on propellers. LIRB has been actively used on ferries operating in a wide range of outdoor temperatures. On diesel-electric submarines (DES), the use of rechargeable batteries is traditional and is the main source of electricity. The subsequent development of new sources of electricity, the improvement of power semiconductor devices and microelectronics has led to the successful implementation of ideas for the construction of fully electric offshore facilities.

scholarly journals Extension of Common Information Model of Load Storage in Regional Energy System Based on IEC61970

2022 ◽  
Vol 2160 (1) ◽  
pp. 012043
Author(s):  
Lin Cong ◽  
Xichao Zhou ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Haifeng Zhu ◽  
Ying Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Common Information ◽  
Information Interaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Common Information Model

Abstract The need to reform the energy system is urgent. Choose new energy to supplement traditional energy according to local conditions, to build a comprehensive energy system will become more and more emerging development areas of the rigid demand. However, in the practical application of RIES, due to its high complexity and wide range of involvement, there are information islands between various equipment and systems, which cannot support its high efficiency and timeliness. Therefore, The common information model (CIM) modeling method can break the information interaction barriers between RIES.Taking a new area as an example, the CIM model expansion of photovoltaic generating electricity system, wind power system, EV charging equipment, substation class, thermoelectric conversion equipment and user load is established. The classes and class attributes required for the information interaction of RIES control center in the new area were designed, which laid the foundation for the interaction between different energy systems and the load and storage of the source network.

scholarly journals Remote River Energy System: An open source low maintenance turbine design for remote areas

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Ian Masters ◽  
Joshua Bird ◽  
Benjamin Birch ◽  
Maximilian Reader ◽  
William Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Flowing Fluid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Turbine

Axial flow hydro-kinetic turbines convert the kinetic energy of a flowing fluid into electrical energy, and can be designed for deployment in a wide range of locations. As relatively recent technology, these designs are often high in cost, complex, and require specialist maintenance and materials. This is not viable for many communities in developing countries, which may subsequently remain reliant on fossil fuels. A remote river energy system has been designed to be built and maintained using minimal equipment, with components that can be readily obtained. A formal design process has been used with design review and feedback stages; design tools included Simulink modelling, FEA, CFD, nodal analysis and flume testing. Only a handful of components such as the turbine blades require specialist machining and maintenance. The results demonstrate how an effective water turbine with a 3kW output can be theoretically produced and maintained without an over-reliance on specialised components and tools, thereby producing a more economically viable water turbine for use in developing countries. Open source distribution of the design drawings will facilitate application of the design and improvements by other stakeholders. The design study presented here is a platform for prototype technology trials to further develop the concept.

OTEC System Concepts

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Avery ◽  
Chih Wu
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The People ◽  
New Energy

Systems engineering is a top-down approach to program management and systems procurement. It optimizes the development process by ensuring that the operational, technical, and cost goals (and limitations) of a total proposed system are understood before development begins. The requirements for the “forest” are determined before the features of the “trees” are specified. It makes a basic assumption that a team endeavor under single-system management will be established with authority to define development goals and assign subsystem programs and funding. It recognizes that each system requires a unique management structure that is based on the qualifications of the people and organizations available for the total endeavor. Systems engineering begins with an authoritative request or requirement for a system that would provide new capabilities or would reduce existing problems in a significant technical activity. After personnel and level of effort for a preliminary assessment of the need are identified, the initial effort then involves these steps: 1. A precise definition is prepared of the specific operational need for which the proposed system must provide a solution. For example, this book addresses the present national need for a new energy system that can provide a practical, timely, cost-effective, and nonpolluting alternative to petroleum-based fuels for transportation. The need arises from three factors: a. The perception that an alternative to dependence on petroleum fuels for transportation must be developed to avoid severe disruption of world economies in the early years of the twenty-first century; b. Evidence that combustion of fossil fuels is causing a significant increase in the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere (if not reduced, this could eventually produce a “greenhouse effect,” leading to large-scale changes in climate and an increase in sea level, with severe economic consequences); and c. The belief that solar energy can be used via OTEC to supply nonpolluting fuel in sufficient quantity, at low enough cost, and in time to become a practical alternative to dwindling or unavailable petroleum supplies. Failure to define the system need with sufficient clarity is a root cause of most system development difficulties.

scholarly journals Our energy future starts from actual energy limits

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 00003
Author(s):  
Gianluca Alimonti
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
New Energy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polluting Emissions

Since the discovery of fire, the history of human evolution reflects the history of mankind’s ability to control and transform energy. Steam engine gave rise to the industrial revolution and fossil fuels entered and shaped our development: diffused and cheap energy allowed to replace human labor, and activities, impossible until that time, became common. Nowadays more than 80% of the global primary energy consumption comes from fossil fuels, but this energy system has limitations: green house gases and polluting emissions are generated by the fossil fuels combustion. Moreover fossil fuels are limited energy resources and sooner or later they will run out. It is thus important to start shaping and building a new energy system and this is what this school is about.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF BATTERIES IN NEAR-FUTURE ENERGETICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavko Mentus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Oil Crisis

Since the first oil crisis in early 70-ties, the electrochemists strive to develop a chemical power source able to replace the liquid fossil fuels in traffic. Noticeable success was achieved in the decade 1980-1990. Thanks to a new class of materials – intercalate compounds, a new battery called lithium-ion battery was commercialized, having much higher energy density than its predecessors. In this work the origin of its high energy density is explained. The emergence of new battery supported effectively the expansion of use and the development of portable electronics - mobile phones, lap-top calculators tablets etc. Since 2010, connected to the global intentions to prevent climate changes, the batteries received the role of the energy sources of electric cars. Recently, connected to the rising use of renewable energy sources known to suffer of changeable intensity, batteries take also the role of grid energy storage, having the function to smooth the disturbances in grid voltage. All this caused huge rise in batteries usage, and poses the question about the availability of global resources of lithium, cobalt and nickel needed for battery production. The recent forecast is that these resources will be exhausted very soon in the decade 2030-2040. Thus, there is a strong need to search for new battery types, to maintain, at least partly, available lithium resources for more demanding applications. As a part of solutions having real perspective, the development of sodium-ion battery is currently in progress. In that sense, some perspective anode and cathode materials were considered.

Leading countries in computer science: A bibliometric overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Gustavo Zurita ◽  
José M. Merigó ◽  
Valeria Lobos-Ossandón ◽  
Carles Mulet-Forteza
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
South American ◽  
Science Field ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Computer Science Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
A Current

This paper presents a current overview of the main productive and influential countries around the world in the computer science field. Research in the computer science field has experienced significant growth in recent years. This study develops a bibliometric overview of all journals that have been indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database over the past 25 years (1995–2019), according to several bibliometric indicators in the seven categories of computer science research. The study shows that United States is the leading country in the computer science field. Other countries, such as the United Kingdom, China, Canada and Germany, also obtain high positions in the ranking. The average country that performs research in computer science is European, has English-speaking researchers, is highly developed and has a high income. However, there is a wide range of countries that perform research in computer science, including South American and Arabic countries, meaning that computer science traverses many countries and cultures.

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