Potencial social y ambiental de la industria eólica para una transición energética en América Latina

Brasil, México y Uruguay han adoptado la energía eólica como estrategia para combatir el cambio climático. Sin embargo, sus experiencias son distintas y se encuentran poco documentadas. Este artículo analiza las ventajas y desventajas de la industria eólica con miras a su futura expansión en América Latina. La metodología consiste en sistematizar y analizar la bibliografía existente en castellano, portugués e inglés. Se identificaron cuatro ventajas de la energía eólica (baja huella de carbono, reducidos costos de producción, creación de empleos e ingresos por renta de tierras) y cinco desventajas (pérdida de cobertura forestal, impacto en aves y fuentes de agua, contaminación por derrames de aceite y desechos y afectaciones a la salud). Los desafíos de política pública para la región son: fomentar la investigación sobre los daños socioambientales de la energía eólica y diseñar herramientas para mitigarlos; desarrollar la cadena completa de suministros de manufactura e insumos mediante la innovación tecnológica; repartir equitativamente los beneficios de la industria eólica entre la población local y priorizar la necesidad pública de electricidad, por encima de intereses privados. Mientras estos desafíos no sean asumidos plenamente, los proyectos eólicos seguirán formando parte de una estructura hegemónica que se autoproclama como la solución al cambio climático, pero que sigue manteniendo una lógica extractivista que no beneficia a la población. Abstract Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay have adopted wind energy as a means to fight climate change. However, their experiences are different and insufficiently documented. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the wind industry in light of its future expansion in Latin America. The methodology consists of the systematization and analysis of literature written in Spanish, Portuguese and English. Four advantages and five disadvantages were identified. The advantages are wind energy’s reduced carbon footprint, low production costs, the potential for job creation and income from land rentals, while the disadvantages are possible vegetation loss, impact on birds and water sources, oil and waste contamination and health damage. The challenges for public policy are: supporting research on the socioenvironmental impacts of the wind industry and designing tools for their mitigation; developing a full supply chain of materials through technological innovation; distributing the benefits of wind energy equally among the local population, and prioritizing public needs of electricity above the interest of the private sector. If these challenges are not fully met, wind energy projects will be part of a hegemonic structure that claims to solve the problems created by climate change, while in fact continuing to use an extractivist logic, incapable of benefitting people.

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IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR JOINT IMPLEMENTATION AND THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM

Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management ◽

10.1142/s1464333201000571 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

pp. 1-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

KATHERINE BEGG ◽

GARY HAQ ◽

MICHAEL CHADWICK ◽

TIIT KALLASTE

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Clean Development Mechanism ◽

Local Population ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Joint Implementation ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Host Countries ◽

Marginal Costs ◽

Energy Projects ◽

Development Mechanism

The 1992 Climate Change Convention aims to stabilise greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are instruments which allow countries with high marginal costs of abatement to participate in emission reduction projects in countries with lower marginal abatement costs with the incentive of gaining carbon credits for the reduction of GHGs. The environmental benefits sought by the Convention relate mainly to he mitigation of climate change. However, consideration should also be given to other potential environmental, economic and social effects of JI/CDM projects on the local population and host country. This paper discusses the need for integrating environmental and social considerations into the JI/CDM process. It undertakes a preliminary retrospective environmental assessment of AIJ energy projects in the Czech Republic and Estonia. It also proposes support for capacity building and data collection systems in host countries, application of a simple participative scoping exercise for all projects followed by further work as necessary, upgrading of the Uniform Reporting Format for projects, and incorporation into project approval criteria.

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Graubündens Wald im Fokus | Focus on the Grisons forest

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2009.0195 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 160 (7) ◽

pp. 195-200

Author(s):

Reto Hefti

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Natural Hazards ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Production Costs ◽

Raw Material ◽

Intensive Use ◽

Form Part ◽

New Challenges ◽

The Government

In the mountainous canton Grisons, much visited by tourists, the forest has always had an important role to play. New challenges are now presenting themselves. The article goes more closely into two themes on the Grisons forestry agenda dominating in the next few years: the increased use of timber and climate change. With the increased demand for logs and the new sawmill in Domat/Ems new opportunities are offered to the canton for more intensive use of the raw material, wood. This depends on a reduction in production costs and a positive attitude of the population towards the greater use of wood. A series of measures from the Grisons Forestry Department should be of help here. The risk of damage to infrastructure is particularly high in a mountainous canton. The cantonal government of the Grisons has commissioned the Forestry Department to define the situation concerning the possible consequences of global warming on natural hazards and to propose measures which may be taken. The setting up of extensive measurement and information systems, the elaboration of intervention maps, the estimation of the danger potential in exposed areas outside the building zone and the maintenance of existing protective constructions through the creation of a protective constructions register, all form part of the government programme for 2009 to 2012. In the Grisons, forest owners and visitors will have to become accustomed to the fact that their forests must again produce more wood and that, on account of global warming, protective forests will become even more important than they already are today.

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Climate change impacts on the future offshore wind energy resource in China

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

X. Costoya ◽

M. deCastro ◽

D. Carvalho ◽

Z. Feng ◽

M. Gómez-Gesteira

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Wind Energy ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Offshore Wind Energy ◽

The Future

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Potential Impact of the Current and Future Climate on the Yield, Quality, and Climate Suitability for Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]: A Systematic Review

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 619

Author(s):

Sadeeka Layomi Jayasinghe ◽

Lalit Kumar

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Future Climate ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Tea Quality ◽

Climate Suitability ◽

Yield Quality ◽

The Impact

Even though climate change is having an increasing impact on tea plants, systematic reviews on the impact of climate change on the tea system are scarce. This review was undertaken to assess and synthesize the knowledge around the impacts of current and future climate on yield, quality, and climate suitability for tea; the historical roots and the most influential papers on the aforementioned topics; and the key adaptation and mitigation strategies that are practiced in tea fields. Our findings show that a large number of studies have focused on the impact of climate change on tea quality, followed by tea yield, while a smaller number of studies have concentrated on climate suitability. Three pronounced reference peaks found in Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RYPS) represent the most significant papers associated with the yield, quality, and climate suitability for tea. Tea yield increases with elevated CO2 levels, but this increment could be substantially affected by an increasing temperature. Other climatic factors are uneven rainfall, extreme weather events, and climate-driven abiotic stressors. An altered climate presents both advantages and disadvantages for tea quality due to the uncertainty of the concentrations of biochemicals in tea leaves. Climate change creates losses, gains, and shifts of climate suitability for tea habitats. Further studies are required in order to fill the knowledge gaps identified through the present review, such as an investigation of the interaction between the tea plant and multiple environmental factors that mimic real-world conditions and then studies on its impact on the tea system, as well as the design of ensemble modeling approaches to predict climate suitability for tea. Finally, we outline multifaceted and evidence-based adaptive and mitigation strategies that can be implemented in tea fields to alleviate the undesirable impacts of climate change.

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Evaluation of offshore wind power in the China sea

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/0144598721992268 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014459872199226

Author(s):

Yu-chi Tian ◽

Lei kou ◽

Yun-dong Han ◽

Xiaodong Yang ◽

Ting-ting Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Wind Power ◽

Energy Development ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Human Beings ◽

Offshore Wind Power ◽

Business Operation ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Wind Energy Development ◽

The Impact

With resource crisis and environmental crisis increasingly grim, many countries turn the focus to pollution-free and renewable wind energy resources, which are mainly used for offshore wind power generation, seawater desalination and heating, etc., on the premise that the characteristics of resources are fully grasped. In this study, the evaluation of offshore wind energy in offshore waters in China, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of existing studies were overviewed from four aspects: the spatial-temporal characteristics of wind energy, wind energy classification, the short-term forecast of wind energy and the long-term projection of wind energy, according to the research content and the future considerations about wind energy evaluation (evaluation of wind energy on islands and reefs, the impact of wind energy development on human health) were envisaged, in the hope of providing a scientific basis for the site selection and business operation ‘or military applications’ here (after business operation), etc. of wind energy development, ‘aritime navigation against environmental construction,’ here and also contributing to the sustainable development and health of human beings.

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Optimal valuation of wind energy projects co-located with battery storage

Applied Energy ◽

10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116247 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 116247

Author(s):

Angeliki Loukatou ◽

Paul Johnson ◽

Sydney Howell ◽

Peter Duck

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Battery Storage ◽

Energy Projects

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Wind Energy Projection for the Philippines based on Climate Change Modeling

Energy Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.051 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 26-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Angeli Silang ◽

Sherdon Niño Uy ◽

Julie Mae Dado ◽

Faye Abigail Cruz ◽

Gemma Narisma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Wind Energy ◽

The Philippines

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Qualified, absolute, idealistic, impatient: dimensions of host community responses to wind energy projects

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1177/0308518x15595887 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 1540-1557 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Stewart Fast

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Host Community ◽

Community Responses ◽

Energy Projects

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Impact of climate change on water availability in Tropical Andean catchments: a case study in the Vilcanota catchment, Peru

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10292 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Selina Meier ◽

Randy Munoz ◽

Christian Huggel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Management ◽

Water Demand ◽

Climate Models ◽

Local Population ◽

Time Step ◽

Glacier Surface ◽

Hydrological Simulation ◽

Sustainable Water Management ◽

Monthly Runoff

Water scarcity is increasingly becoming a problem in many regions of the world. On the one hand, this can be attributed to changes in precipitation conditions due to climate change. On the other hand, this is also due to population growth and changes in consumer behaviour. In this study, an analysis is carried out for the highly glaciated Vilcanota River catchment (9808 km2 &#8211; 1.2% glacier area) in the Cusco region (Peru). Possible climatic and socioeconomic scenarios up to 2050 were developed including the interests from different water sectors, i.e. agriculture, domestic and energy.The analysis consists of the hydrological simulation at a monthly time step from September 2043 to August 2050 using a simple glacio-hydrological model. For historic conditions (1990 to 2006) a combination of gridded data (PISCO precipitation) and weather stations was used. Future scenario simulations were based on three different climate models for both RCP 2.6 and 8.5. Different glacier outlines were used to simulate changes in glacier surface through the time for both historic (from satellite data) and future (from existing literature) scenarios. Furthermore, future water demand simulations were based on the SSP1 and SSP3 scenarios.Results from all scenarios suggest an average monthly runoff of about 130 m3/s for the Vilcanota catchment between 2043 and 2050. This represents a change of about +5% compared to the historical monthly runoff of about 123 m3/s. The reason for the increase in runoff is related to the precipitation data from the selected climate models. However, an average monthly deficit of up to 50 m3/s was estimated between April and November with a peak in September. The seasonal deficit is related to the seasonal change in precipitation, while the water demand seems to have a less important influence.Due to the great uncertainty of the modelling and changes in the socioeconomic situation, the data should be continuously updated. In order to construct a locally sustainable water management system, the modelling needs to be further downscaled to the different subcatchments in the Vilcanota catchment. To address the projected water deficit, a new dam could partially compensate for the decreasing storage capacity of the melting glaciers. However, the construction of the dam could meet resistance from the local population if they cannot be promised and communicated multiple uses of the new dam. Sustainable water management requires the cooperation of all stakeholders and all stakeholders should be able to benefit from it so that they will support future projects.

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