scholarly journals On the Prospects of Using the Handwriting Analysis of a Structured Text in Law Enforcement Work

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-129
Author(s):  
Anton Shayevich ◽  
Svetlana Unzhakova ◽  
Igor Spiridonov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Handwritten Text ◽  
Experimental Use

The authors examine some problematic aspects of the practical application of the developed forensic methods and methodologies in law enforcement work. They discuss the possibilities of studying handwriting not only for identification, but also diagnostic purposes, for example, to determine the significance of information in certain parts of the handwritten text for the writer. In order to prove that such possibilities exist, the authors present a brief description and examples of the experimental use of the methodology that makes it possible to determine, relatively quickly, the attitude of the person to relevant circumstances and facts by analyzing experimental samples of handwriting obtained through copying, by hand, a specially prepared structured text.

Graphic line extraction as an important element of handwriting analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Goc ◽  
◽  
Krystyn Łuszczuk ◽  
Andrzej Łuszczuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Application ◽  
Text Line ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Line Extraction ◽  
Handwritten Text

The article presents the capabilities and operating procedures of a computer application EDYTOR, dedicated for easy separation of the handwritten text line from the background containing elements interfering with the examined object. The application, developed by a team of specialists from the Polish Forensic Association, is mainly used in handwriting analysis.

qualification of crimes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The textbook examines the theoretical aspects of the qualification of crimes, highlights the problems of practical application of the norms and institutions of criminal legislation. The paper analyzes the concepts and categories of criminal law, reveals the organizational and methodological aspects of the legal assessment of criminal encroachments. When preparing the manual, materials of judicial and investigative practice, guiding explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR, the Russian Federation were used. The manual is addressed to law enforcement officials, lawyers, investigators, law students and anyone interested in the qualification of crimes.

scholarly journals Practical Application of the Provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure Regarding the Measure of Preventive Arrest

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Nicolae Silviu Pana ◽  
Ana Maria Pana
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
Procedure Code

Preventive measures are coercive criminal law enforcement institutions, aimed at the deprivation or restriction of individual liberty, by which the suspect or defendant is prevented from undertaking certain activities that would adversely affect the conduct of the criminal proceedings or the achievement of its purpose. They have been instituted by the legislator for specific purposes, namely: to ensure the proper conduct of criminal proceedings, to prevent the abstraction of the suspect or defendant from trial and to prevent the commission of new offenses (art. 202 para. 1 of the Criminal Procedure Code). Preventive measures are not inherent in any ongoing criminal trial, but are exceptional measures (art. 9 para. 2 of the Criminal Procedure Code), and the court can decide to sease the measure or make use of the measure in the light of the specific circumstances of each case. Of the five preventive measures, three are deprivation of liberty - detention, house arrest and pre-trial detention, and two are non-custodial: judicial control and judicial control on bail. All these measures are only applicable to the natural person. Specific preventive measures may be taken against legal persons, but those are regulated by the provisions of art. 493 of the Criminal Procedure Code.

scholarly journals Identifying Cancer Characteristics Utilizing Handwriting Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
S. V. Kedar, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Handwritten Text ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Behavioural Risks

Handwriting is an action administered by the brain like each and every other action. This procedure is frequently insensible and is closely tied to instincts from brain. Any kind of sickness affects the kinetic movement and reflects in a person’s handwriting. To recognize the health and mental problems, it is important to focus on how the person writes instead of what person writes. This also makes the procedure of handwriting analysis is independent of at all languages. Person handwriting is scientific proof that whatsoever person writes subconsciously it affects in handwriting. The structures related to motion, time and pressure have been used for analysis of person health. Cancer is the second top cause of death globally, and is accountable for an estimated 9.8 million deaths in 2019. Universally, around 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer. On an approximation 72% of deaths due to cancer are in middle and low salaried countries. One third deaths from cancer are due to 5 foremost dietary and behavioural risks that are low fruit and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, high body mass index, tobacco use, and consumption of alcohol. Cancer can be cured if the person gets to know as soon as possible. So, substitute method to patterned whether the person is diagnosed from a cancer or not, can be done by handwriting sample. For this testing 100 various person sample are used for diverse handwriting data samples. To find a solution to this mounting problem we propose the method of cancer characteristics detection by utilizing handwritten text by machine learning, SVM. Various machine learning methods were used to find a model, which can discriminate statistically Cancer patients with approximately 90%accuracy. The classification we use to discriminate are SVM, Naïve Bayes algorithms.

The Commission’s Omission to Use Article 267 tfeu as a Tool to Enforce eu Environmental Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 255-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Political Body ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Enforcement Authority

The present contributions examines if and to what extent preliminary judgments by the Court of Justice were used as an enforcement tool and helped the full legal and practical application of eu environmental legislation. Looking at available data about the use of this procedure and at the enforcement practice of Member States and the eu commission it is concluded that neither the means of preliminary reference according to Article 267 nor the infringement procedure under Article 258 tfeu are systematically exploited for effective enforcement of eu environmental law. In particular, it becomes evident, that Commission does not assume its role as environmental law enforcement authority. It rather acts as an opportunist political body which sometimes takes into consideration the rule of law, but sometimes not.

scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF LEGAL SYSTEM’S DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: HUMAN RESOURCES’ UPGRADING

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (86) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Inna Andreyanova ◽  
Anna Rozhkova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Education Transformation

In the information and digital environment, the transformation of the legal system is becoming topical and is being updated, including state authorities of all levels as well as the regulatory legal system, regulation-making, law enforcement and judicial practice, the powers of officials and subjects of legal relations in order to comply with such principles as openness, accessibility, legality, public control. In this regard, the transformation will first of all affect the specialists in the field of jurisprudence, whose competencies are being formatted at the intersection of information, digital and legal areas in the creation process of the updated legal system base. In this context, scientific and educational institutions of the highest level are assigned to implement a strategic task to update the new professions in the field of law at institutional level. The aim of the research work is to identify some relevance aspects of law education transformation. The problem of research work is linked with contradictions at the job market due to the low demand for former professions as well as the depreciation of the educational system because of the lack of technology in the development of educational and other alternative forms of education on platforms and profile platforms. The novelty of the research work is expressed by the practical application of the institutional approach to the implementation of professional standards in qualifications’ updating through network collaborative educational and project programmes. The conclusions of the research work are expressed in the concept of professional standards’ implementation; development of network collaborative educational programmes; module and project training as the main tools for legal professions’ modification.

Graphology and Personality: An Empirical Study on Validity of Handwriting Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1255-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Dazzi ◽  
Luigi Pedrabissi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Handwritten Text

The aim of the present work was to examine validity of the graphological method to assess personality traits. The results of two studies are described. In Study 1, the Big Five Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 101 university students who provided a sample of a handwritten text. Two graphologists were asked to detect the same dimensions and facets measured by the Big Five Questionnaire using a 9-point scale. Correlations between the Big Five Questionnaire and graphological evaluations did not confirm the capability of handwriting analysis to measure Big Five personality traits. Also, interrater reliability was very low. Study 2 ( N = 102) was carried out using handwritten texts with autobiographical content for the graphological analysis. Two different graphologists and two laypersons were involved. No evidence was found to validate the graphological method as a measure of personality.

scholarly journals CERTAIN ISSUES ON INTERACTIONAND COORDINATION OF UKRAINIAN FORENSIC INSTITUTIONS WORK WITH OTHER ENTITIES WHILE IMPLEMENTING PREVENTIVEACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-217
Author(s):  
O. Snigerov ◽  
N. Filipenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
Common Goals

The article analyzes the conceptual principles, views and ideas on understanding the nature and forms of interaction of forensic institutions with law enforcement and judicial authorities in the implementation of preventive measures, considers its concept. The correlation between the concepts of «interaction» and «coordination» has been studied, because one of the main problems that cannot be avoided in the forensic study of the phenomenon of expert prevention is the ambiguity of both scientific understanding and elaboration and practical application of the conceptual and categorical apparatus. In our opinion, the interaction of forensic institutions of Ukraine with other entities in the implementation of preventive activities should be understood based on laws and regulations, coordinated preventive activities of independent bodies to combine opportunities, methods and tools they have, to conduct an effective set of organizational, managerial, technical, scientific and other prevention measures. Interaction is carried out in two forms: procedural and non-procedural (organizational). The procedural form of interaction includes: conducting an examination to establish the circumstances that contributed to the commission of the offense (conducting an examination on preventive issues); establishing circumstances that are important for the prevention of offenses on the own initiative of the expert (use of the expert’s right to initiative); participation of an expert in investigative actions as a specialist; participation in the review of the scene and the reproduction of the situation and circumstances of the event; Advice from a specialist on the cessation of crimes can sometimes be provided by a specialist in the process of conducting operational and investigative measures (for example, recommendations for photographing non-commodity documents operatively), etc. The next type of interaction and coordination of forensic institutions of Ukraine with other entities in the implementation of preventive activities are non-procedural (organizational) measures. In contrast to the procedural form of interaction, the emergence and development of organizational forms is not associated with the requirements of procedural law, but with the participants’ awareness of the need for cooperation based on mutual assistance and assistance to each other to more effectively achieve common goals. The implementation of joint, coordinated preventive activities involves several mutually agreed stages, namely: interaction at the preparatory (information-analytical), main and final stages. It should be emphasized that in the professional literature the number and nature of these stages may differ. 

scholarly journals PRINCIPLE OF JUSTIFICATION IN THE USAGE OF IONIZING RADIATION IN MEDICINE: INTERNATIONAL NORMATIVE PROBLEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Ilyin ◽  
A. A. Borodina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

INTRODUCTION. The article deals with one of the principles of the usage of ionizing radiation in medicine – the principle of justification. The authors study the content and the legal consolidation of the principle of justification in the Standards of the IAEA, Russia and the European Union law. The particular attention is paid to the practical application of the principle.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The subject matter for the study wеre the regulations and standards of the IAEA, legislation of Russia and the EU concerning the usage of ionizing radiation in medicine; proceedings materials of the International conference on radiation protection in medicine (2017); scientific publications of the researchers from Russia and the EU dealing with the standards of the IAEA. The methodology of the study is based on the general and specific methods of cognition.RESEARCH RESULTS. As a result of the conducted research the authors come to the conclusion about the need to add the current legislation concerning the principle of justification, and offer a list of specific recommendations in order to get the problem over.DISCUSSION ANDCONCLUSIONS. The authors come to the conclusion that there are some problems in the international and national law dealing with the principle of justification. In order to solve the problems and correct a legal deficiency the authors offer the specific measures including taking into account the meaning of law enforcement practice for the subjects of national law and order: medical workers and patients.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF MODERN JURISPRUDENCE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
R. S. Prytchenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Uniform Rule ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Methodological Approaches

This article identifies the main methods of jurisprudence research. Classical and new methodological approaches to understanding the essence and content of jurisprudence and defining existing forms of jurisprudence are analysed. The study of jurisprudence, taking into account classical and new methodological approaches, provides a more accurate understanding of jurisprudence; contributes to a more detailed analysis of the content of jurisprudence; allows for a more grounded identification of forms of jurisprudence. The evolutionary path of jurisprudence is directly linked at each stage to the state system, the economy, the legal culture and the legal consciousness in society. The regulation of social relations is achieved through customs, contracts, judicial precedents, and regulations. However, it is the responsibility of the courts to resolve conflict situations and, after consideration of the dispute, make a decision accordingly. Repeated application by the courts of the norms governing disputed social relations creates uniformity in the dispute resolution process and develops a uniform rule for the application of these norms in a certain disputed situation, i. e. creates jurisprudence. At present, only on the basis of dialectical materialism, using the principles of pluralism of opinion, comprehensiveness and complexity of knowledge, as well as the principles of determinism, correspondence and additionality, applying classical and modern methods of scientific inquiry, can one approach the study of judicial practice in an objective and harmonious way. This will allow to reveal general regularities in the emergence and development of judicial practice, to identify its content, forms, functions, interaction with other legal phenomena, to determine its influence on law-making and law-enforcement, to understand procedures of formation and process of practical application of its results, to develop a unified understanding of the nature of judicial practice.

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