scholarly journals The Methods of Digital Forecasting of Inmate Misconduct in Penal Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-756
Author(s):  
Marina Kaluzhina ◽  
Tamara Makarenko ◽  
Marina Spasennikova ◽  
Tatyana Vedernikova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Inmate Misconduct ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Penal Institutions ◽  
Illegal Activities

The authors use the analysis of existing research ideas regarding the structure and content of the criminological prediction methodology to examine modern approaches to predicting illegal activities in penitentiary institutions. They analyze and classify the objects of prevention — those inmates in places of confinement who need to be controlled while serving their sentence because they have a range of unlawful behavior. In the diagnostic sub-task the object is viewed as a source of information whose attributes and features are studied as they manifest its essence and condition. The authors present a large-scale review of Russian and foreign publications to research the evolution of scientific ideas regarding the contents of the hypothesis as a basis of criminological prediction. While recognizing the value of theoretical criminological achievements, the authors set the goal of analyzing the possible ways of integrating criminology and operative search activities for the identification of pre-criminal behavior in places of confinement. Using the theory of criminological prediction and empirical materials, the authors analyze the possibilities of designing a multi-factor prediction model for individual unlawful behavior by transforming this model into a system of corresponding indicators and risk factors of pre-criminal behavior. They conduct a systemic analysis of the contents of socio-demographic, penitentiary, psychological variables, as well as variables connected with the criminal past as an aggregate of risk factors of pre-criminal behavior. They also describe the essence of digital prediction methods - predictive analytics, analytical intelligence, initiative analytics, - which are used to build a system of indicators for studying and assessing the behavior of certain categories of inmates. The authors show the necessity of using digital analytical methods of making managerial decisions regarding the preventive measures of rapid response in cases of the destructive behavior of inmates. Using the regularities that form the basis of criminological prediction, the authors state that it is necessary to develop the methods of digital prediction and to adapt key features of the digital environment and newest information and telecommunication technologies to solving the tasks of preventing offences among inmates.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATION AND PREDICTION OF INDIVIDUAL RISK TO HEALTH UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO A COMPLEX OF DIFFERENT FACTORS FOR TASKS OF PERSONALIZED PROPHYLAXIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Marina A. Zemlyanova ◽  
N. V. Zaytseva ◽  
D. A. Kiryanov ◽  
O. Yu. Ustinova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Model Library ◽  
Genetic Status ◽  
Somatic Status ◽  
The Individual

Methodical approaches to the assessment and prediction of the individual risk for the development of diseases associated with the effect of a complex of heterogeneous factors, taking into account the features of the genetic and somatic status of the individual for the tasks of personalized prevention, are suggested. The conceptual basis of the methodology is the presentation of the individual risk for diseases as a quantity that varies with time depending on the level and duration of the exposure of the acting factors (evolution), with respect to the contribution of natural causes. There is presented a model describing the evolution of individual risk, which takes into account a complex system of dependencies of the indices of the body’s somatic state and genetic status on the variable exposure of factors. To assess the value of the individual risk, there are proposed a scale and a system of criteria for the assessment of the likelihood of the development of the disease with taking account of its severity. The established value of the individual risk in relation to a specific disease determines the list, scope and sequence of measures for the personalized prevention, and is also a measure of their effectiveness. A large-scale epidemiological study of the population (about 10 thousand people) from 12 regions of the Russian Federation was executed. There was obtained a system of dependencies which reflects the cause-effect relationships between indices characterizing the factors of habitat and lifestyle, the body’s somatic and genetic status (more than 500 indices), the probability of diseases associated with risk factors (about 20 nosological forms). There was created a special replenished information resource «Model Library» has been created, including parameters of more than 4 thousand adequate and reliable dependencies of cause-effect relationships, revealed by relying upon the results of own epidemiological studies and analysis of domestic and foreign scientific publications. An algorithm for the estimation and prediction the individual risk has been developed for the formation of personalized prevention programs aimed at its reducing. The algorithm is implemented in the form of an information and analytical system that can be used as a tool for making managerial decisions in the field of personalized prevention of diseases associated with risk factors at the group and population levels.

scholarly journals Main Trends in the Development of Criminological Theory and Crime Prevention Practice in the Context of the Digitalization of Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-691
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Osipenko ◽  
Vladislav Solovev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Hidden Regularities

The digitalization of society, associated with a large-scale introduction of digital technologies in all socially relevant spheres, not only brough about positive changes, but also had a powerful effect on the transformation of crime and criminogenic factors. This has created an urgent need for understanding the prospects of criminological science in the new conditions, for strengthening its role in ensuring national security, for improving its methodology in new ways. The authors define key criminal threats to the security of the digital space: a rapid increase of its criminalization due to the features attractive for criminals (trans-national character of cyberspace, widespread anonymization and encryption, digital means of committing crimes and concealing their traces, etc.); the emergence and widening of criminogenic zones of cyberspace, with DarkNet holding a special place; the use of «digital» methods of resisting law enforcement, including cryptocurrencies and artificial intelligence. It is concluded that the abovementioned circumstances make it necessary to change the methodology of criminological research and the practice of law enforcement. The collection and generalization of information from publicly available digital sources, its analysis with the use of big data acquire a special research potential connected with the possibility of finding hidden regularities and obtaining criminological knowledge that cannot be found elsewhere. The digitalization of society creates conditions for the introduction of a preventive model of law enforcement based on predictive analysis methods. It becomes possible to quickly detect signs of criminal activity that require both a specific reaction of law enforcement and systemic managerial decisions. It also opens broad prospects for predicting individual criminal behavior by analyzing the Internet activity of specific individuals. The authors then highlight the most relevant directions for the development of criminological theory and the practice of crime prevention in the conditions of the digitalization of society.

2258-PUB: Impact of Cardiovascular (CV) Risk Factors during the Initial 6 Months of the First Large-Scale Longitudinal Nationwide Study on Management and Real-World Outcomes of Diabetes in India (LANDMARC)

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2258-PUB
Author(s):  
ROMIK GHOSH ◽  
ASHOK K. DAS ◽  
SHASHANK JOSHI ◽  
AMBRISH MITHAL ◽  
K.M. PRASANNA KUMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nationwide Study

SOVIET SCIENTIFIC PERSONAL REPRESSIVE STATE APPARATUS AS AN OBJECT OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE OF SCIENCE STUDIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Alexander Allakhverdyan
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Soviet Science ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Dramatic Practice ◽  
Main Components

Numerous studies by Russian scientists and historians of science are devoted to the state science policy in the USSR and its well-known achievements, but not enough attention is paid to the negative, socially repressed aspects of the Soviet science policy. Repressions became one of the main components of the state's scientific and personnel policy in the Stalinist era. The systemic analysis of the development of Soviet science declared in the scientific literature, limited only by its indisputably outstanding achievements, without under-standing the origins, causes and mechanisms of the repressed state apparatus that operated in the same period, sharply reduces the overall picture of the reliability of the study of Soviet science. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the diverse and dramatic practice of state repression in the system of Soviet science, because in the world history of science no other developed country has experienced such large-scale and tragic events in the functioning of the scientific society.

Large Scale predictive analytics for real-time energy management

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Balac ◽  
Tamara Sipes ◽  
Nicole Wolter ◽  
Kenneth Nunes ◽  
Bob Sinkovits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Predictive Analytics

scholarly journals Mental health and caregiving experiences of family carers supporting people with psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sin ◽  
J. Elkes ◽  
R. Batchelor ◽  
C. Henderson ◽  
S. Gillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Negative Experience

Abstract Aims Family carers supporting an individual with psychosis often experience poorer mental health, however, little is known about specific risk factors among these carers. We investigated the associations between demographic, caregiving characteristics and mental health outcomes in family carers supporting an individual with psychosis and compared carers' outcomes with general population norms. Methods We analysed baseline data from the COPe-support randomised controlled trial of online psychoeducation and peer support for adult carers supporting an individual with psychosis between 2018 and 2020. We collected carers' demographic and health outcome data, including wellbeing using Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS as primary outcome), quality of life using EQ-5D-5L and caregiving experience assessed with Experience of Caregiving Inventory. We tested associations between carers' demographic and caregiving characteristics for each outcome in turn and meta-analysed carers' WEMWBS and EQ-5D-5L with Health Survey England (HSE) general population data from 2016 and 2017, respectively. Results The 407 carers of people with psychosis had a mean WEMWBS score of 42.2 (s.d. 9.21) and their overall weighted pooled WEMWBS score was 7.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) −8.6 to −6.0, p < 0.01) lower than the HSE general population sample, indicating carers have poorer mental wellbeing by more than double the minimum clinically important difference of 3 points on WEMWBS. Among all caring relationships, partners had poorer wellbeing compared to parents with lower WEMWBS score (−6.8, −16.9 to 3.3, p = 0.03). Single carers had significantly poorer wellbeing (−3.6, −5.6 to −1.5, p < 0.01) and a more negative caregiving experience than those who were cohabiting. Spending more than 35 h per week caregiving increased carers' negative experience significantly (p = 0.01). Conclusion Carers of people with psychosis have poorer mental health than non-carers. Partners, lone carers and those spending more than 35 h per week on caring were found to be most at risk of poor mental health. Based on the results, we advocate that the details of carers for individuals with psychosis should be added to the existing carers or severe mental illness registers at all general practitioner surgeries and for their wellbeing screened routinely. Future large-scale prospective studies are needed to develop a predictive model to determine risk factors, hence to aid early identification of carers' support needs. Such understandings are also useful to inform tailored intervention development.

Directions of Economic and Ecological Transformation of Enterprises of the Defence-industrial Complex of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Oleksii Hutsaliuk ◽  
◽  
Tatiana Obniavko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Cumulative Deterioration ◽  
High Level

Since the beginning of the third millennium, ecological safety has become of paramount importance for Ukraine. The cumulative deterioration of the environment, fixed by the annual official reports on the ecological situation in the country, is fraught with irreparable consequences not only for the present generations, but also for descendants. The authors propose to consider the enterprises of the defence-industrial complex (DIC) of Ukraine as those that make a significant contribution to the development of the economy of the country, while not only not destroying the environment, but also contributing to sustainable development. The defence-industrial complex of Ukraine is the basis of the high-tech sector of the Ukrainian economy, which determines its key importance for the functioning and development of the entire national economy, in the current period of change of technological modes, as the enterprises of the Ukrainian defence-industrial complex have a high level of innovation. One of the key features of the domestic defence-industrial complex is that it has the potential to concentrate various types of resources to achieve breakthrough results not only in addressing the issues of creating the latest weapons and military equipment, but also for implementing large-scale projects of national economic importance. This potential for breakthrough development currently remains underutilized, requiring adjustments not only in industrial, but also in state economic policy as a whole. The current state of development of defence industry enterprises is characterized by insufficient economic and environmental sustainability and requires modernization based on global experience in the greening of the military-defence sphere and NATO environmental standards, which will have environmental and economic effects. The obstacles of economic and ecological transformation of enterprises of the defence-industrial complex of Ukraine were identified and a number of managerial decisions that can become drivers to accelerate the economic and ecological transformation of the defence-industrial complex of Ukraine were proposed.

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