scholarly journals Growth and yield parameters of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) lines as affected by planting date and zinc application rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonkululeko Mfeka ◽  
Reckson A. Mulidzi ◽  
Francis B. Lewu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Zinc Application

Cowpea is one of the most important food legumes in most African countries. Cowpea is a valuable source of dietary protein for both humans and their livestock. There is limited information available on cowpea production and suitable agronomic practices, such as planting date, to best suit different environmental conditions in South Africa. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two locations on cowpea production and the effect of planting date as affected by zinc application rate. Field experiments were conducted at two locations (Bien Donne’ and Nietvoorbij) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, using two planting dates (2 October and 2 November), three cowpea lines (Veg1, M217 and Qukawa) and three zinc (Zn) fertiliser application levels (0 kg/ha, 15 kg/ha and 30 kg/ha) during the 2015 growing season. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with five replicates. The results showed that Veg1 and Qukawa lines performed significantly better in both vegetative and reproductive parameters when compared to M217 at both locations. Application of zinc fertiliser significantly (p greater than 0.05) affected seed iron content in Veg1 and M217 at Bien Donne’ and seed iron content in M217 and zinc content in Veg1 at Nietvoorbij. Significance: • Cowpea lines Veg1 and Qukawa were the best performing lines in all parameters measured, making these two lines suitable for dual purpose cultivation. • Planting cowpea in November, rather than October, increased the crop production efficiency. • Cowpea showed a better overall total yield in the sandy soil of Bien Donne’ than in the sandy loam clay soil of Nietvoorbij.

Rice Response to Clomazone as Influenced by Application Rate, Soil Type, and Planting Date

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. O'Barr ◽  
Garry N. McCauley ◽  
Rodney W. Bovey ◽  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
James M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

Clomazone is an effective herbicide widely used for PRE grass control in rice. However, use of clomazone on sandy textured soils of the western Texas rice belt can cause serious rice injury. Two field experiments at three locations were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to determine the optimum rate range that maximizes barnyardgrass and broadleaf signalgrass control and minimizes rice injury across a wide variety of soil textures and planting dates. At Beaumont (silty clay loam), Eagle Lake (fine sandy loam), and Ganado (fine sandy loam), TX, PRE application of 0.34 kg ai/ha clomazone applied to rice planted in March, April, or May optimized barnyardgrass and broadleaf signalgrass control and rice yield while minimizing rice injury. Data suggest that, although injury might occur, clomazone is safe to use in rice on sandy textured soils.

LAMB’S-QUARTERS INTERFERENCE WITH DIRECT SEEDED BROCCOLI

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRIS BITTERLICH ◽  
MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Cole Crop

Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 to study the effect of lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) interference on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis ’Emperor’) growth and yield. Broccoli growth was initially affected by weed interference at 28–36 d after seeding. Generally, the negative effect of weed interference on broccoli growth increased with increasing weed density and time after seeding. Interference by 15 lamb’s-quarters plants m−2 reduced the biomass of broccoli plants by 71–73% compared to the weed-free control at 57–58 d after seeding. Weed density-crop yield relationship curves showed that one lamb’s-quarters plant m−2 decreased total yield by 18–20% and marketable yield by 22–37%. Lamb’s-quarters reduced the total yield per plot by decreasing the average head weight of broccoli. The number of heads per plot was not affected. Weed interference also reduced the weight of heads classified as marketable (> 10 cm across). However, in 1987 more heads failed to reach a marketable size which resulted in a much smaller marketable yield than in 1988.Key words: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, broccoli, Chenopodium album L., weed density, weed interference, cole crop

scholarly journals Tillage Variables for Peanut Production

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Colvin ◽  
B. J. Brecke ◽  
E. B. Whitty
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Effects of minimum tillage (MT) production techniques on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root growth and yield were unknown. Field experiments were therefore conducted during 1984 near Williston and Marianna, FL and during 1985 near Williston and Jay, FL to evaluate effects of surface and subsurface tillage on peanut production. Soil types were a Zuber loamy sand (fine, mixed hyperthermic Ultic Hapludalf) at Williston, a Chipola sandy loam (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Hapludult) at Marianna, and a Red Bay sandy loam (fine, loamy, siliceous, thermic Rhodic Paleudult) at Jay. The Sunrunner peanut cultivar was planted using a modified twin 23 cm row spacing and seeded at a rate of 140 kg/ha. Eight tillage systems that included combinations of conventional tillage, strip-tillage, and no-tillage with and without subsoiling or subsurface slitting were evaluated. Peanuts germinated and grew well except in no-tillage plots that received no subsurface tillage. Without surface or subsurface tillage there was not sufficient soil disturbance to insure proper seed-soil contact or seed cover. Generally, plots that received some degree of conventional tillage yielded better than plots with no surface preparation (4090 vs. 3760 kg/ha avg.). Minimum tillage plots yielded numerically less than conventional plots but in only a few cases were significant differences in yield noted. At most locations, minimum tillage plots that received no subsurface tillage developed a “lazy root syndrome” in which the few roots produced were quite shallow and grew near the soil surface. These treatments yielded less (3680 vs. 4010 kg/ha avg.) than those with conventional seedbed preparation or the minimum tillage treatments receiving subsurface tillage. Root strength and penetration measurements roughly reflect the same trends as peanut yields. The slit-tillage system resulted in peanut yields equal to or better than those obtained with chisel point subsoiling. Slitter wear and breakage problems were encountered but overall, the subsurface slit system appears to be a functional alternative to chisel point subsoiling.

scholarly journals Black Polyethylene Mulch Doubled Yield of Fresh-market Field Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 787-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Abdul-Baki ◽  
C. Spence ◽  
R. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Field experiments were conducted to a) maximize total yield of fresh-market field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars using black polyethylene mulch (BPM), and b) increase fruit size and yield during the last 5 weeks of the production period by reducing the number of synthate sinks per plant through eliminating all flowers that appeared during this period. Unmulched treatments under trickle irrigation and multiple applications of soluble fertilizer yielded an average of 43 t·ha-1 for `Sunny' and `Pik-Rite' over the two planting dates. With BPM, total yield increased by 95% to 84 t·ha-1. Although total yield increases due to BPM over the control were highly significant in both cultivars and over the two planting dates, yield increases were higher for the early than for the optimum planting date. BPM also significantly increased early production of `Pik-Rite' but not `Sunny', and the increase in early production was more pronounced for the optimum than the early planting date. Sink reduction during the last 5 weeks of the growing season had no effect on yield or fruit weight during that period.

Evaluation of Cotton Responses to Fomesafen-Based Treatments Applied Preemergence

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Timothy Grey ◽  
William Vencill ◽  
James Freeman ◽  
Katilyn Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cotton Yield

AbstractFomesafen provides effective control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in cotton. However, cotton seedlings can be injured when fomesafen is applied PRE. Therefore, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted at Athens, GA, and at six locations in Alabama and Georgia in 2013 and 2016 to evaluate cotton growth and yield response to fomesafen applied PRE at 70, 140, 280, 560, 1,120, or 2,240 g ai ha−1, and in combination with pendimethalin, diuron, acetochlor, and fluridone at 1×label rates. Greenhouse bioassays indicated that fomesafen reduced cotton height and dry weight with increasing rate in Cecil sandy loam and Tifton loamy sand but not in Greenville sandy clay loam––possibly as a result of this soil’s higher organic matter (OM) and clay content. Fomesafen applied at 2,240 g ai ha−1 reduced cotton stand by as much as 83% compared to the nontreated check (NTC) at all field locations except Alabama’s Macon and Baldwin counties, and 1,120 g ai ha−1 reduced cotton stand only at Pulaski County, GA, by 52%. Cotton height was reduced by the two highest rates of fomesafen at all locations except Clarke County, GA, and Baldwin County, AL. Injury data indicated more visual injury followed increasing fomesafen rates, and high-rate treatments produced more injury in sandier soils. Cotton yield was unaffected by herbicide treatments at any location, except for the 1,120 g ai ha−1 rate at Pulaski County (49% yield loss compared to NTC), 2,240 g ai ha−1 at Pulaski County (72% yield loss), and Tift County (29% yield loss). These data indicated cotton yield should not be negatively affected by fomesafen applied PRE alone within label rates or in combination with pendimethalin, diuron, acetochlor, and fluridone at 1×label rates, although some visual injury, or stand or height reduction may occur early in the growing season.

The effect of application rate of chemical herbicides on weed control and yield in early potatoes

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Maurice Eddowes
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Annual Weeds

SummaryIn a series of field experiments from 1966 to 1969, on light sandy loam soils in the West Midlands, comparisons were made between two levels of application of herbicides based on urea, triazine and bipyridil compounds for weed control in early potatoes.Under conditions of adequate nutrient and water supply, the high application rate controlled about 94%, and the low application rate about 88% of the annual weeds. At equivalent application rates, urea compounds and herbicide mixtures containing ureas, gave superior weed control to triazine compounds and herbicide mixtures containing triazines, but the ureas were apparently more phytotoxic to the potatoes.In 1970, comparisons were made between three levels of application of ametryne and monolinuron, high, medium and low and an unsprayed control treatment.The highest yields of potatoes were associated with the low application rates of herbicides from 1966 to 1970.It was concluded that, on these light sandy loam soils, when irrigation is available, relatively low application rates of either monolinuron or ametryne, or mixtures of ureas or of triazines, or mixtures of bipyridils and ureas or triazines could give adequate control of annual weeds in early potatoes at low cost.

The effects of soil sodicity on emergence, growth, development and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Gutiérrez Boem ◽  
R. S. Lavado
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Soil Crusting ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Pod Number

SUMMARYThe effects of exchangeable sodium on emergence, growth, development and yield composition of oilseed rape were investigated at Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1992. A pot experiment was performed using five exchangeable sodium levels, expressed as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR: 12, 20, 27, 34 and 44). Soil with nine different exchangeable sodium contents (SAR from 0·5 to 50) and seven different particle size distributions (from sandy loam to clay) were used in a parallel trial to study the effect of soil crusting on oilseed rape emergence. Soil crusts were made using a rainfall simulator after seeds were sown. Both experiments showed that the direct effect of sodium on emergence occurred with SAR values higher than those which caused clay dispersion (SAR > 20). Oilseed rape seedlings could penetrate crusts having a resistance of < 230 kPa. At SAR values > 20, main stem growth and yield decreased significantly (P < 0·05). These reductions were counterbalanced by an increase in the number of secondary stems. At SAR levels > 34, stem number, grain number per pod on the main stem, as well as pod number on both main stem and secondary stems, were reduced, leading to a marked reduction in total yield. The most important agronomic effect of soil sodium on oilseed rape would be at emergence stage, due to soil crusting.

Residual effect of 2,4-D on the growth and yield of wheat and barley on alkaline clay soils in southern Queensland

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
JM Marley ◽  
GR Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Dimethyl Amine ◽  
Dry Soil

Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the residual phytotoxicity of 2,4-D to wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) on alkaline clay soils in southern Queensland during winter. Effects of soil moisture, 2,4-D formulation, application rate, crop species and cultivar were investigated. With the exception of a 4% reduction in wheat grain yield in 1 field trial (considered commercially acceptable), grain yields of wheat and barley were not affected when seed was sown within 2 h of field application of 2,4-D dimethylamine or ethyl ester at rates of application up to 1 kg/ha. No significant reduction in phytotoxicity (measured by shoot dry matter reduction of wheat) of 2,4-D dimethylamine occurred when exposed on dry soil for 4 weeks in pots, or of ethyl ester or dimethyl amine exposed for 16 days on dry soil in the field. In moist soil in pots, loss of phytotoxicity to wheat of 2,4-D dimethyl amine was complete within 4 weeks when the herbicide was applied at 2 kg/ha or 2 weeks when applied at 0.5 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar on Soil Properties, Soil Loss, and Cocoyam Yield on a Tropical Sandy Loam Alfisol

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna Olasekan Adekiya ◽  
Taiwo Michael Agbede ◽  
Adeniyi Olayanju ◽  
Wutem Sunny Ejue ◽  
Timothy A. Adekanye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soil Sustainability

Among agricultural soil amendment that can enhance crop productivity and soil sustainability is biochar. Hence, two-year field experiments were conducted on a sandy loam Alfisol at Owo, southwest Nigeria, to evaluate the effects of biochar produced from hardwood on soil physical and chemical characteristics, erosion potential, and cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) yield. The study was a 2 × 4 factorial experiment with two years (2017 and 2018) and four biochar levels (0 (control), 10, 20, and 30 t ha−1). The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that biochar application significantly in both years improved yield of cocoyam and soil physical (bulk density, porosity, moisture content, mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregates, dispersion ratio, and infiltration rate) and chemical (soil organic matter, pH, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and CEC) properties and erosion resistance. Soil characteristics and cocoyam yield improved with level of biochar from 0–30 t ha−1. When 2018 is compared with 2017 in term of soil loss, in the amended plots, 2018 reduced soil loss by 7.4, 20, and 73.5%, respectively, for 10, 20, and 30 t ha−1biochar, whereas there was an increase of 2.7% soil loss in the control plot in 2018 compared with 2017. Therefore, application rate of 30 t ha−1 biochar is considered as suitable for severely degraded soil because this application rate efficiently improves cocoyam yield and soil properties and reduces soil loss.

scholarly journals 454 Effect of Tuber Cutting and Planting Dates on Growth and Yield of Some Potato Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 472B-472
Author(s):  
M.M.A. Abdalla ◽  
A.M.A. Butt ◽  
A.M. El-Damarany ◽  
S.M.A. Mckhaiel
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Rate Of Emergence

This work was performed at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture Assiut Univ. during two fall seasons (1995–1996 and 1996–1997) to study the effect of planting date, cultivar, and seed cutting on the growth and yield of potato. A factorial experiment was designed. All data was subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicate that there is a significant effect for all the studied factors on the growth and yield of potato. The data also indicate that planting on 1 Oct. or 1 Nov. showed higher emergence percentage, total yield, final plant stand, rate of emergence, and height and number of stems. `Spunta' produced the highest stem length, fresh weight per plant, and total yield. Whole tubers gave higher stem length, plant fresh weight, tuber weight, and tuber number per hill.

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