scholarly journals Comparison of refined and non-refined wastewater effect on wheat seed germination and growth under drought

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4 October) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Heidari ◽  
Saman Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Germination And Growth

Wastewater has attracted special attention as a possible source of irrigation. The present study aimed to compare the effect of refined and non-refined wastewater on wheat seed germination and growth under induced drought conditions in laboratory and pot experiments. The laboratory experiment included the iso-osmotic potentials of −0.275, −0.4, and −0.47 MPa of polyethylene glycol (PEG, as a drought factor) and wastewater. In addition, the pot experiment included a wastewater factor (i.e., tap water, 100% refined wastewater, 50% refined wastewater + 50% non-refined wastewater, and 100% non-refined wastewater) and a drought factor (i.e., an irrigation interval of two and three days as normal and drought conditions, respectively). The results demonstrated that the drought related to PEG did not reduce seed germination while wastewater decreased seed germination. Further, an osmotic potential of −0.47 MPa resulted in the highest and lowest radicle length in both wastewater and PEG, respectively. The results also revealed that caulicle length and seed vigour were decreased by PEG as the osmotic potential increased while no significant difference was observed between wastewater treatments and distilled water (control). Based on the results, an irrigation interval of 3 days with 100% non-refined wastewater produced the highest chlorophyll content and 100% refined and 100% non-refined wastewater produced a larger leaf area compared to the control. Furthermore, drought with wastewater application increased specific leaf weight whereas it reduced the total biomass compared to control (i.e., tap water with an irrigation interval of 2 days), except for 100% non-refined wastewater. Therefore, wastewater application compensates for the adverse effect of drought due to nutrient addition.

Effects of drought stress simulated by peg on seed germination of two ecotypes of ceratoides arborescens

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Ge-le ◽  
N Togtokhbayar ◽  
Wang Yu-Zhi ◽  
Sun Jie ◽  
V Enkhchimeg
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Arid Desert

Ceratoides arborescens is widely distributed in arid area of Inner Mongolia. They are fine sand binding plants, and the main feed of livestock in arid desert area in the dry season. Under drought stress, seed germination and seedling root growth is very important to the survival and development of plant seedlings. Therefore our main objective of this study was to determine the effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of two ecotypes, Wu and Kerqin, of Ceratoides arborescens. The effects of drought stress on seed germination under PEG treatment and germination recovery under optimal conditions after presoaking with PEG solution were studied in a series of laboratory tests. The germination and radical growth of the two ecotype Wu and Kerqin of Ceratoides arborescens were studied to different degrees of inhibition with reduced osmotic potential of a series of PEG solutions. However, slight drought stress promoted the seed germination of the two ecotype Wu and Kerqin of Ceratoides arborescens and improved the germination index of the two ecotypes, simulating the radical growth. The lowest osmotic potential for germination was -2.1MPa for Kerqin and -1.8MPa for Wu. The result shows that the drought resistance of seed germination of Kerqin was stronger than that of Wu.Under optimal conditions, the seeds presoaked with PEG solution recovered their germination after drought stress was relived. The seeds presoaked longer, suffered greater from drought stress and germination was suppressed completely. The radical length of the primary root of the two species had no significant difference between the CK after presoaking with PEG solution in 3d，and then decreased significantly with the increase of days of presoaking.

Effect of aqueous leachates from polyvinyl chloride on seed germination and growth of various crop species

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1072-1075
Author(s):  
M. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Severe Growth

Aqueous leachates obtained from soaking 0.5-cm2 pieces of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets in water for 1, 4, or 24 weeks and applied to various crops in sand culture exhibited no effect on seed germination but severely inhibited the growth, measured as fresh and dry weights of foliage, of all the crop species tested. In general, growth inhibition of various crops by PVC leachates of 4- and 24-week duration was significantly greater than that caused by the leachates of 1-week duration. There was, however, no significant difference in growth inhibition by PVC leachates of 4- and 24-week duration. Growth of broadleaved species, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), was inhibited more than in the monocot species, com (Zea mays L.). Residues from PVC leachates persisted in sand and caused severe growth inhibition of all crop species tested for two subsequent plantings.

scholarly journals Impact of Various Sources of Seed Priming on Growth, Yield and Quality of Spinach Local (Spinacia oleracea) in-vitro and in-vivo Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bela Joshi ◽  
P. K. Rai ◽  
Vandana Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference

Seed germination, following seedling growth are basic but crucial steps in a plant life cycle which includes proper seed germination which is a basic pre-requisite for a better crop growth and yield. The experiment was conducted in Vegetable Science Department under the Defence Institute of Bio-Energy and Research (DIBER), (DRDO), Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand in the year 2020-2021 to standardize the best treatment of seed priming specific to Spinach (Spinacia oleracea). An investigation was conducted both in a laboratory and on the field with the same treatment that was: (T1) Distilled water, (T2) 1%NaCl, (T3) 1%H2O2, (T4) 1%Na2CO3, (T5) Tap water, (T6) 1%DAP, (T7) Control. Seeds were soaked for 16 hrs and then dried to original moisture content for 2 days. It was found that all the priming treatments showed a significant difference with the control and the highest germination %(lab) with 71% was observed in seeds treated with DAP (T6) and the highest crop yield (field) were observed for 1% Na2CO3. Na2CO3 showed the best result in the field as well as in lab conditions based on different quality parameters followed by DAP. This study showed that seed priming treatments help in the enhancement of seed quality parameters, proved cost-effective and the most economical method. The experiment helps to improve the seed quality using different priming treatments which are cost-effective, economic, environment friendly and one of the quickest methods used for seed enhancement.

The effect of salinity and temperature on seed germination and growth of Hordeum jubatum

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1357-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin A. Ungar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Germination Stage

Studies on the germination of Hordeum jubatum seeds indicate that they were highly tolerant of salinities up to 1.0%, with little reduction in germination. Each increase in salt concentration did, however, delay the time of germination. Seedling growth proved to be more sensitive than germination to salinity stress, with newly germinated plants showing a decrease in size with each salinity increment. Results of growth studies were similar to those in germination tests; plants decreased in size with decreased osmotic potential of the salt solution. The germination stage and later periods of active growth were nearly equal in their ability to withstand salinity stress.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic impact of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on Macrotyloma uniflorum a pulse crop in a dry tropical environment, Bihar, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1148
Author(s):  
Raj Shikha ◽  
A K Jha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Post Hoc

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of leaf, stem and root of Parthenium hysterophorus on the rate of seed germination (%) and seedling growth (cm) in Macrotyloma uniflorum. The different concentrations of root, stem and leaf extract used in the experiment were 15, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The rate of seed germination, length of root and shoot and Seed Vigour Index (SVI) values were recorded. Data collected were analysed for Pearsons Correlation Coefficient, Tukey HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) and Post HOC Tests. It was recorded that SVI value decreased in different concentrations of leaf, stem and root from 23.53 to 100%, 3.33 to 26.21% and 32.44 to 100%, respectively. This indicated that leaf and root extracts were more phytotoxic to M.uniflorum than the stem extract of P.hysterophorus. The rate of seed germination and length of shoot differed significantly in different concentrations than the length of root, as indicated by Post HOC Test. The effect of plant parts i.e. root, stem and leaf; treatments i.e. different concentrations and interaction of plant parts and treatments were significantly differed at p < 0.000. Generally the impacts of different parts were also significantly different at p < 0.000. Thus, this study indicated that the leaf and root extracts are more toxic to M. uniflorum than the stem extract; and the rate of seed germination and shoot length were more affected than the root length. The seed germination and shoot growth in M. uniflorum are affected by leaf and root extracts of Parthenium. 

Dormancy-breaking Studies on Echinacea angustifolia

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 456f-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali O. Sari ◽  
Mario R. Morales ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Echinacea Angustifolia ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Dry Heating

Echinacea is a medicinal plant native to North America. It was used extensively by native Americans in the treatment of their ailments. It is presently one of the most popular medicinal plants in the United States. Its popularity has created a large market demand for the roots and foliage of the plant. The gathering of echinacea from the wild is leading to the reduction of native populations and the destruction of its genetic diversity. Cultivation of medicinal echinaceas is hindered by a low seed germination. Dormancy breaking studies were done on freshly harvested seeds of Echinacea angustifolia. Seed lots were placed under light at a constant temperature of 25 °C and at alternate temperatures of 25/15 °C for 14/10 h, respectively. Germination was more rapid and uniform and percent germination higher at 25 °C than at 25/15 °C. Seed tap-water soaking, dry heating, and sharp heating alteration did not increase germination. The application of 1.0 mM ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphoric acid) increased seed germination to 94% at 25 °C and 86% at 25/15 °C. Untreated seeds gave 65% germination at 25 °C and 11% at 25/15 °C. The application of 2500 mg·L–1 and 3500 mg·L–1 of GA to dry seeds and 2500 mg·L–1 to seeds that have been soaked under tap water and then dried increased germination to 82%, 83%, and 83% at 25 °C and 64%, 78%, and 64% at 25/15 °C, respectively.

scholarly journals Determination of essential and non-essential element contents of drinking water and baby water for infant’s nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Funda Demir ◽  
Meral Yildirim Ozen ◽  
Emek Moroydor Derun
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Element Contents

Abstract In this study, essential (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn), and non-essential (Al, Ni, Pb) element contents of the drinking and baby water samples which are sold in the local market and tap water samples in Istanbul were examined. It was determined that elements of Cr, Cu, Fe, P, Zn, Al, and Ni were below detection limits in all water samples. Among the non-essential elements analyzed in water samples, Pb was the only detected element. At the same time, the percentages that meet the daily element requirements of infants were also calculated. As a result of the evaluations made, there is no significant difference in infant nutrition between baby waters and other drinking waters in terms of the element content.

scholarly journals Raw and Fermented Alfalfa Brown Juice Induces Changes in the Germination and Development of French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.) Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Döme Barna ◽  
Szilvia Kisvarga ◽  
Szilvia Kovács ◽  
Gábor Csatári ◽  
Ibolya O. Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Horticultural Practice ◽  
Brown Juice

Organic and ecological farming programs require new and efficient biostimulants with beneficial properties for the sustainable and safe production of seedlings and ornamental plants. We examined the effect of non-fermented and lacto-fermented alfalfa brown juice (BJ) on seed germination and the vegetative, physiological, and anatomical properties of French marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Csemő’) plants which were treated with 0.5–10% fermented and non-fermented BJ, with tap water applied as a control. Applying 0.5% fermented BJ significantly improved seed germination compared with non-fermented BJ, resulting in an increase of 9.6, 11.2, 10.9, and 41.7% in the final germination percent, germination rate index, germination index, and vigor index, respectively. In addition, it increased the root and shoot length by 7.9 and 16.1%, respectively, root and shoot dry mass by 20 and 47.6%, respectively, and the number of leaves by 28.8% compared to the control. Furthermore, an increase in contents of water-soluble phenol, chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid was reported upon the application of 0.5% fermented BJ, while peroxidase activity decreased. Our results prove that alfalfa BJ can be enrolled as a biostimulant as part of the circular farming approach which supports the sustainable horticultural practice.

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