Dormancy-breaking Studies on Echinacea angustifolia

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 456f-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali O. Sari ◽  
Mario R. Morales ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Echinacea Angustifolia ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Dry Heating

Echinacea is a medicinal plant native to North America. It was used extensively by native Americans in the treatment of their ailments. It is presently one of the most popular medicinal plants in the United States. Its popularity has created a large market demand for the roots and foliage of the plant. The gathering of echinacea from the wild is leading to the reduction of native populations and the destruction of its genetic diversity. Cultivation of medicinal echinaceas is hindered by a low seed germination. Dormancy breaking studies were done on freshly harvested seeds of Echinacea angustifolia. Seed lots were placed under light at a constant temperature of 25 °C and at alternate temperatures of 25/15 °C for 14/10 h, respectively. Germination was more rapid and uniform and percent germination higher at 25 °C than at 25/15 °C. Seed tap-water soaking, dry heating, and sharp heating alteration did not increase germination. The application of 1.0 mM ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphoric acid) increased seed germination to 94% at 25 °C and 86% at 25/15 °C. Untreated seeds gave 65% germination at 25 °C and 11% at 25/15 °C. The application of 2500 mg·L–1 and 3500 mg·L–1 of GA to dry seeds and 2500 mg·L–1 to seeds that have been soaked under tap water and then dried increased germination to 82%, 83%, and 83% at 25 °C and 64%, 78%, and 64% at 25/15 °C, respectively.

scholarly journals 301 Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Light Affect Germination of Echinacea angustifolia Seeds

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 443D-443
Author(s):  
Keun Ho Cho ◽  
Chiwon W. Lee ◽  
Kyu-Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Echinacea Angustifolia ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Related Compounds

The narrow-leaved purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia) produces echinacin and related compounds in the root, which are known to have immune and curative properties against viral, fungal, and bacterial infections. In recent years, cultivation of this species has increased in response to growing market demand for natural medicinal remedies. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of gibberellic acid and light on the germination of E. angustifolia seeds. Seeds soaked for 24 h in 0, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/L GA3 solution were germinated on Whatman #1 filter paper inside petri dishes at 22 °C with or without light (80 μmol·m-2·s-1) for 21 days. The seeds germinated poorly in dark with the final percent germination range from 10% (GA3 1000 mg/L) to 36% (GA3 250 mg/L). Under light, seed germination showed a quadratic response (r = 0.84) to GA3 concentration. Percent germination exceeded 90% at 10, 50, and 100 mg/L GA3 with the mean time (T50) to germinate varying at 10.5, 11.7, and 13.3 days, respectively, under light. Seed germination under light was <10% when treated with 500 and 1000 mg/L GA3. In general, seed germination was best when treated with 10 or 50 mg/L GA3 under light. Results of this research may well be used in enhancing seed germination during field establishment of E. angustifolia.

scholarly journals SEED GERMINATION OF GUNDELIA TOURNEFORTII L. UNDER DIFFERENT DORMANCY BREAKING TREATMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vian Dler Ali ◽  
Farhad Hassan Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Value ◽  
Peak Value

Gundelia tournefortii L. is adapted to mountains area climate, and the germination of this plant is not easily. This research conducted to study the effect of different seed treatments in various treatment durations in two experiments in petri dish in the laboratory and in seedling tray in the lath house to breaking seed dormancy and germination stimulus. Results indicated that there is significant enhancement of germination by all treatments and the maximum germination percentage was obtained by seed freezing 99.17% in the laboratory and 93.33% in the lath house for all treatment durations 12, 14, 48 and 72 hours. The other parameters of seed germination like germination speed, peak value, mean daily germination, mean germination time, germination value, radicle length, radicle elongation velocity, plumule length, plumule elongation velocity, seedling fresh and dry weight escalated by seed freezing and seed soaking in tap water at all soaking durations 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Gundelia tournefortii L. germinated seed was an anatomically examined by paraffin method and calculated diploid number of chromosomes 2n=2x=18 by aceto-carmine squash methods

scholarly journals Challenges of Establishing Native versus Exotic Status of Herbarium Specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-553
Author(s):  
Andrzej K. Noyszewski ◽  
Neil O. Anderson ◽  
Alan G. Smith ◽  
Andrzej Kilian ◽  
Diana Dalbotten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Canary Grass

In cases where invasive species are presumed to be strictly exotic, the discovery that the species is also native can be disconcerting for researchers and land managers responsible for eradicating an exotic invasive. Such is the case with reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), for which decades of misinformation led to the call for nationwide control of this species in the United States. However, native populations were first reported by LaVoie and then later confirmed by Casler with molecular analyses. This, coupled with the discovery by Anderson that this species has been used in weavings by Native Americans for centuries, also made the native forms of interest for protection. Identifying the native status of historic, herbarium specimens via molecular analyses is of great interest to determine localities of native populations for confirmation with extant specimens. Genetic-based methods describing DNA polymorphism of reed canary grass are not well developed. The goal of the presented research is to assess the utility of genomic DNA obtained from historic (herbaria) and extant (fresh) tissue of reed canarygrass and the application of using Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing low density for genetic population studies.

scholarly journals 620 Enhancing Germination of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia) Using Stratification, Salt Priming, and Biostimulants

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 504B-504
Author(s):  
Gladis M. Zinati ◽  
Herbert H. Bryan ◽  
Yuncong Li
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Echinacea Angustifolia ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Early Germination ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Salt Priming

Using herbs for medicinal purposes, ornamentals, and landscape plantings has increased significantly. Propagating from seeds is considered the most-efficient method of producing medicinal plants for commercial production. Among the herb seeds the purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia) was found difficult to germinate. Laboratory studies were conducted to: 1) determine optimum temperature from a temperature range 15 to 30 °C for seed germination; 2) determine effects of 5 10, 20, and 30 days of stratification at 5 and 10 °C in darkness on germination; and 3) determine effects of priming in the dark for 1, 3, 6, and 9 days with 0.1 M KNO3 and biostimulants at optimum temperature to enhance early emergence and final germination. Germination was enhanced from 45% in untreated seeds to 81% in seeds treated with either 50 ppm GA4/7 or 100 ppm ethephon at 24 °C. Final germination was 81% under daylight conditions when seeds were stratified in dark at 10 °C for 30 days over nonstratified seeds (13%). Priming seeds in 0.1 M KNO3 for 3 days significantly enhanced early germination to 70% with 100 and 150 ppm ethephon and final percent germination of 88% with either 100 ppm ethephon or 150 ppm GA4/7, while untreated control seeds resulted in 31% for same period of priming.

scholarly journals Effects of Salinity, Temperature, and pH on Germination of Echinacea angustifolia Seeds

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 869F-869
Author(s):  
Kyu-Min Lee ◽  
Qudsia Hussaini ◽  
Shanqiang Ke ◽  
Chiwon W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Echinacea Angustifolia ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Ph Range

The influences of NaCl concentration, incubation temperature, and pH on the germination of Echinacea angustifolia seeds were investigated. Dehulled, surface-disinfected seeds were germinated in petri dishes containing 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, or 4.0 g–liter–1 NaCl at 12, 17, 22, or 27C for 10 days. Percent seed germination was the highest at 0 ppm NaCl and was progressively reduced as NaCI concentrations increased to 4 g–liter–1 at all temperatures. The NaCI suppression of germination was most severe when seeds were incubated at 27C. No germination occurred at 12C. When seeds were germinated over a pH range from 4 to 11, the highest percent germination occurred at pHs between 6 and 8 at 25C.

Clyde Warrior, 1939–1968

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Hale
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Older Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Poor People's Campaign ◽  
Organizational Leader ◽  
Martin Luther King ◽  
Older Men And Women

To identify Clyde Warrior as an intellectual subverts prevailing notions of intellectualism. We often think of intellectuals as older men and women whose major contributions are revealed late in life, once the passions of youth have been tempered by experience. Warrior was not this. People frequently imagine intellectuals as existing in isolation, insulated from the demands of regular folk. Warrior was not this either. He was a Ponca, born on the reservation and raised with the influence of his grandparents and community. He was also a renowned singer and powwow fancy dancer, as well as a college student, an organizational leader, a husband, and father of two daughters. Warrior’s political consciousness grew out of the deep connections he maintained to his rural Ponca roots, but he took care to educate himself about the problems affecting Native Americans across the United States as well as colonized peoples globally. As an Oklahoman, he was attuned to race relations in the South and empathized with the struggles of Africans and African Americans. His approach to indigenous political struggles was shaped and informed, for example, by his early and active participation with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Martin Luther King Jr.’s Poor People’s Campaign.

scholarly journals Physical, Optical, and Visual Performance of Coated Cross-Laminated Timber during Natural and Artificial Weathering

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Gabrielly dos Santos Bobadilha ◽  
C. Elizabeth Stokes ◽  
Katie M. Ohno ◽  
Grant Kirker ◽  
Dercilio Junior Verly Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Artificial Weathering ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Wood Coatings ◽  
Coating Type ◽  
Exterior Wood

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) market demand is on the rise in the United States. Adequate protective measures have not been extensively studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the weathering performance of exterior wood coatings. We evaluated coated CLT sample surfaces based on visual appearance, color change (CIE*L*a*b), gloss changes, and water intrusion. From the five exterior wood coatings evaluated, only two showed adequate performance after twelve months field exposure. Based on visual ratings following the ASTM procedures, coating failure occurs more quickly in Mississippi than in Wisconsin, due to its greater decay zone. Both location and coating type impacted the aging of the samples. Artificial weathering results were consistent with natural weathering indicating the two adequate coatings were the most resistant to failure, color, and gloss change. For future studies, new coatings designed for the protection of end-grain in CLT panels should be a target of research and development.

“I Hope to Hell Nothing Goes Back to The Way It Was Before”: COVID-19, Marginalization, and Native Nations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Raymond Foxworth ◽  
Laura E. Evans ◽  
Gabriel R. Sanchez ◽  
Cheryl Ellenwood ◽  
Carmela M. Roybal
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Original Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Tribal Health ◽  
Tribal Lands ◽  
Health Regulations

We draw on new and original data to examine both partisan and systemic inequities that have fueled the spread of COVID-19 in Native America. We show how continued political marginalization of Native Americans has compounded longstanding inequalities and endangered the lives of Native peoples. Native nations have experienced disproportionate effects from prior health epidemics and pandemics, and in 2020, Native communities have seen greater rates of infection, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. We find that Native nations have more COVID-19 cases if they are located in states with a higher ratio of Trump supporters and reside in states with Republican governors. Where there is longstanding marginalization, measured by lack of clean water on tribal lands and health information in Native languages, we find more COVID-19 cases. Federal law enables non-members to flout tribal health regulations while on tribal lands, and correspondingly, we find that COVID-19 cases rise when non-members travel onto tribal lands. Our findings engage the literatures on Native American politics, health policy within U.S. federalism, and structural health inequalities, and should be of interest to both scholars and practitioners interested in understanding COVID-19 outcomes across Tribes in the United States.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealing the potential mechanism of seed germination in Polygonatum cyrtonema

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Liu ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Jiayi Xing ◽  
Mei Du ◽  
Mingxiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Flavonoid Synthesis ◽  
Germinated Seeds

AbstractPolygonatum cyrtonema Hua (Huangjing, HJ) has medicinal and edible value in China. However, the seeds of this plant are naturally difficult to germinate. Therefore, to elucidate the mechanism underlying the germination of this plant in order to meet the market demand, the metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed in this study. We observed that plant hormones and α-amylase activity were differentially regulated when comparing germinated and un-germinated seeds. In addition, the metabolites related to phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly up-accumulated in germinated seeds. Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and organic acids were observed to be significantly decreased during germination. The results of this study suggested that compared to un-germinated seeds, germinated seeds promote flavonoid synthesis and inhibit lignin synthesis which could be beneficial to the germination of HJ seeds. Furthermore, these results suggested that starch if hydrolyzed into glucose, which could provide the necessary energy for germination. Our results may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating the regulatory networks of seed germination and may facilitate the propagation of HJ seeds.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Morphotypes of Aquatic Plants Display Improved Seed Germination to Deal with Dry or Low-Rainfall Periods

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Rocío Fernández-Zamudio ◽  
Pablo García-Murillo ◽  
Carmen Díaz-Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Population Persistence ◽  
Temporary Ponds ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Plant Assemblages ◽  
Viable Seeds

In temporary ponds, seed germination largely determines how well aquatic plant assemblages recover after dry periods. Some aquatic plants have terrestrial morphotypes that can produce seeds even in dry years. Here, we performed an experiment to compare germination patterns for seeds produced by aquatic and terrestrial morphotypes of Ranunculus peltatus subsp. saniculifolius over the course of five inundation events. During the first inundation event, percent germination was higher for terrestrial morphotype seeds (36.1%) than for aquatic morphotype seeds (6.1%). Seed germination peaked for both groups during the second inundation event (terrestrial morphotype: 47%; aquatic morphotype: 34%). Even after all five events, some viable seeds had not yet germinated (terrestrial morphotype: 0.6%; aquatic morphotype: 5%). We also compared germination patterns for the two morphotypes in Callitriche brutia: the percent germination was higher for terrestrial morphotype seeds (79.5%) than for aquatic morphotype seeds (41.9%). Both aquatic plant species use two complementary strategies to ensure population persistence despite the unpredictable conditions of temporary ponds. First, plants can produce seeds with different dormancy periods that germinate during different inundation periods. Second, plants can produce terrestrial morphotypes, which generate more seeds during dry periods, allowing for re-establishment when conditions are once again favorable.

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