Comparisons of Medical Student Knowledge Regarding Life-Threatening CT Images Before and After Clinical Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Barbara Nguyen ◽  
Brady Werth ◽  
Nicholas Brewer ◽  
Jeanette G. Ward ◽  
R. Joseph Nold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Rotations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Survey Results

Introduction. Currently, no national standard exists for educatingmedical students regarding radiography or formal research indicatingthe level of improvement regarding computed tomography(CT) interpretation of medical students during clinical rotations. Methods. Students were evaluated based on their response totwenty-two open-ended questions regarding diagnosis and treatmentof eleven de-identified CT images of life-threatening injuries.The number of incorrect answers was compared withcorrect or partially correct answers between students startingthird-year clinical rotations and those starting their fourth year. Results. Survey results were collected from 65 of 65 (100%) beginningthird-year students and 9 of 60 (15%) beginning fourthyearstudents. Students in their fourth-year had less incorrectanswers compared to third-year students, with five questionsreflecting a statistically significant reduction in incorrect responses.The image with the least incorrect for both groups wasepidural hemorrhage, 33.9% and 18.5% incorrect for third-yearstudents for diagnosis and treatment, respectively, and 11.1%and 0% incorrect for fourth-year students. Outside of this image,the range of incorrect answers for third-year students was75.4% to 100% and 44.4% to 100% for fourth-year students. Conclusion. Baseline CT knowledge of medical students,regardless of clinical experience, indicated a strong deficit,as more students were incorrect than correct for themajority of CT images. KS J Med 2017;10(3):55-58.

scholarly journals Tocilizumab in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: real-world data from a case series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Cui ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Yulan Wang ◽  
Xiao-Hua Chen ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Life Threatening

Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a life-threatening disease and how to improve survival of the patients is of great importance. Objective: To determine whether tocilizumab (TCZ) shows favorable results in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Materials & methods: A retrospective study of four patients who received TCZ was conducted from 19 February to 31 March 2020 at Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China. Clinical data of patients were compared before and after the administration of the agent. Results: There was not much difference in the clinical feature improvements and computed tomography images after TCZ administration in two mild patients. The other two severe patients died of disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively. Conclusion: Administration of TCZ was not shown a favorable outcome in this preliminary uncontrolled case series.

scholarly journals Medical Students’ Stress Levels and Sense of Well Being after Six Weeks of Yoga and Meditation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lona Prasad ◽  
Aneesha Varrey ◽  
Giovanni Sisti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Personal Wellbeing ◽  
Reducing Stress

Objective. To determine the effect of six weeks of yoga and meditation on medical students’ levels of perceived stress and sense of wellbeing prior to taking their exams. Methods. We conducted a prospective case-control study of first-through-third-year medical students at our academic institution, measuring levels of perceived stress and sense of wellbeing before and after a six-week yoga and meditation intervention. Questionnaires used for evaluation included the perceived stress scale (PSS) and self-assessment surveys (SAS). The postintervention surveys were completed on the day of the students’ written exams. Results. A total of thirteen women and fourteen men participated. Median age was 28 (24 yrs–32 yrs). 48.1% were Caucasian, 7.4% Black, 11.1% Hispanic, 11.1% Asian, and 22.2% other. Paired t-tests showed a statistically significant reduction in perceived stress (18.44 versus 14.52; p=0.004) after the six-week yoga and meditation program. After the yoga intervention, self-assessment survey results showed a significant improvement in feelings of peace, focus, and endurance. Improvements in happiness, positivity, personal satisfaction, and self-confidence were also seen. An improvement in unsubstantiated parameters such as patience and fatigue was observed. Conclusion. Yoga and meditation may be effective in reducing stress levels and improving aspects of personal wellbeing in medical students.

Quantitative Analysis of the Transcondylar Approach to the Foramen Magnum

Neurosurgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Wanebo ◽  
Michael R. Chicoine
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Suboccipital Craniotomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Skull Measurements ◽  
C 50

Abstract OBJECTIVE Condylar resection with suboccipital craniotomy increases foramen magnum exposure, but guidelines for when this is necessary are not defined. Cadaveric and computed tomography evaluations were completed to guide decision-making regarding the use and extent of condylar resection. METHODS Quantitative analysis of foramen magnum surgical exposures was performed on 32 skulls (64 sides) and 6 cadaveric dissections (12 sides). Computed tomographic (CT) scans were performed on cadaveric heads before and after condylar resections. Digitized images of dry skulls and CT images of cadaver heads were quantitatively analyzed. Predissection CT measurements of cadaveric heads guided extent of condylar resections, and resection accuracy was assessed with postdissection CT scans. RESULTS Skull measurements (means in parentheses) included the foramen magnum area (7.8 cm2), length (3.6 cm), width (3.1 cm), anteroposterior condylar length (2.3 cm), and axial condylar length (2.5 cm). Mean widths of potential surgical exposures for skulls were obtained for A) suboccipital craniotomy (2.3 cm), B) with 25% (2.6 cm), and C) 50% condylar resection (3.0 cm). Mean angles of exposure were as follows: A, 38.4 degrees; B, 49.1 degrees; and C, 54.3 degrees. CT scans of cadaveric heads before and after dissections yielded measurements of exposure equivalent to measurements found on the dry skulls. CONCLUSION On average, lateral exposure increases by 3 mm (13%) and 7 mm (30%) for 25 and 50% condylar resection, respectively, compared with suboccipital craniotomy alone. Angles of exposure increase by 10.7 degrees (28%) and 15.9 degrees (41%). Measurements of CT images can be used preoperatively to help analyze the need for condylar resection and intraoperatively to guide the extent of condylar resection.

scholarly journals X-Ray Flow Visualization of a Circular Hydraulic Jump

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan R. DiVall ◽  
Theodore J. Heindel
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Hydraulic Jump ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
3D Image ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
X Ray Computed

The circular hydraulic jump is a product of the impingement of a vertical, circular jet upon a smooth horizontal surface. Previous studies of this phenomenon have used methods such as electrical contact probes, photography, and lasers to measure various features. This study utilizes X-ray computed tomography (CT) to visualize the circular hydraulic jump; analysis is then completed on the reconstructed 3D image. Time-averaged data of the film thickness before and after the jump and the jump radius, as measured from the X-ray CT images, compare well with available literature. Potential imaging improvements with the current equipment have been identified, particularly with respect to measuring film thickness.

scholarly journals Teaching Radiology to Medical Students in Canada; a Virtual, Integrative, Clinical Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 084653712110435
Author(s):  
Serageldin Kamel ◽  
Jessica L. Dobson ◽  
Parth Patel ◽  
Aline D Khatchikian ◽  
Scott A Rohren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
Virtual Setting ◽  
Evaluation Survey

Purpose: To construct, apply, and evaluate a multidisciplinary approach in teaching radiology to Canadian medical students. Methods: A multidisciplinary team of radiology and other disciplines experts designed an online 5-session course that was delivered to medical students. The topics of each session were clinical cases involving different systems. The target audience was medical students of Canadian schools. Pretests and post-tests were administered before and after each session respectively. An evaluation survey was distributed at the end of the course to gauge students’ perceptions of this experience. Results: An average of 425 medical students attended the live sessions. For each session, 405 students completed both the pre-tests and post-tests. In general, students scored an average of 56% higher on the post-test than on the pre-test. The final course survey was completed by 469 students. The survey results show that more than 98% of students found the course to meet or exceed their expectations. Over 80% of students agreed that the course increased their interest in radiology and about 81% agree that the topics presented were excellent and clinically important. The ratings in the final survey results also indicate that students increased their confidence in basic radiology skills after completing the course. Conclusions: The implementation of an integrative clinical approach to teaching radiology in a virtual setting is achievable. It provides efficient use of educational resources while being accessible by a large number of students across different medical schools.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Pre-clinical Medical Students towards Psychiatric Patients Before and After an Early Clinical Experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e11-e15
Author(s):  
Abraham Rudnick
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Early Clinical Experience ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Students Attitudes

Background:  Stigma or negative discriminatory attitudes towards psychiatric patients are common in the general public. These attitudes are also demonstrated by medical practitioners and by medical students, which can lead to medical harm to psychiatric patients. This study aimed to improve attitudes of medical students towards psychiatric patients before their clinical rotations.Methods:  Second year preclinical medical students participated in a brief structured early clinical experience which involved introduction to a psychiatric patient in a hospital/clinic setting or in a community vocational setting. Students were randomized to either setting. Data were collected one week before, one week after, and 3 months after the early clinical experience by administering the Medical Condition Regard Scale.Results:  The students’ attitudes towards psychiatric patients improved, particularly at follow up. Only male student attitudes improved significantly.Conclusion:  Further study is required to understand and improve medical students’ attitudes towards psychiatric patients, perhaps particularly in relation to female students’ attitudes.

scholarly journals Early Clinical Experience: A Way for Preparing Students for Clinical Setting

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Ebrahimi ◽  
Javad Kojuri ◽  
Soheil Ashkani-Esfahani
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Basic Sciences ◽  
Clinical Exposure ◽  
Early Clinical Experience ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Early Clinical Exposure

Background: Various methods are used to improve the quality and usefulness of basic sciences taught to medical students before beginning of the clinical course and practice in higher grades. One method which is evaluated in the present study is early clinical experience. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive study, all medical freshmen were participated in a half day workshop for familiarity with hospital clinical environment. The attitude of the students towards early clinical exposure, profession, and medical education was investigated using a 30- item questionnaire before and after this workshop. Results: Totally, 207 students participated in the present study. Overall, scoring of the program was good to excellent on a five-point Likert scale (93.75%). Most students (89.6%, score =4.25) believed that the program’s content and management was appropriate for them. Conclusions: It was concluded that early clinical experience parallel with theoretical courses can provide a framework for the beneficial and successful integration of the teaching and learning of basic sciences for medical students.[GMJ. 2012;1(2):42-47]

scholarly journals Evaluating the efficacy of self-study videos for the surgery clerkship rotation: an innovative project in undergraduate surgical education

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. E428-E434
Author(s):  
Nikhile Mookerji ◽  
Julie El-Haddad ◽  
Thin Xuan Vo ◽  
Elysia Grose ◽  
Christine Seabrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Traditional Learning ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Surgical Residents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rotation Methods ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Clerkship Rotation

Background: Educational videos have become valuable resources and can address some of the pitfalls of traditional learning. To ensure clerkship students have adequate exposure to curriculum objectives, a series of objective-aligned self-directed learning video podcasts covering core surgical concepts were developed by medical students and surgical residents. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the video podcasts in the surgery clerkship rotation. Methods: Nineteen video podcasts were created, housed at www.surgicaleducationportal.com, and distributed to third-year medical students completing their surgical clerkship. A 10-question multiple-choice quiz was administered before and after students viewed each video, and they were also asked to complete a satisfaction survey. Results: A total of 302 paired pretests and posttests were completed. There was a mean increase of 2.7 points in posttest scores compared with pretest scores (p < 0.001). On a Likert scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being excellent, students rated the usefulness of the videos as 4.3, the quality of the content as 4.3 and the quality of the video as 4.2. Ninety-eight percent of students would recommend these videos to their classmates. Conclusion: Video podcasts are an effective modality for engaging medical students and may improve standardization of learning during their surgical clerkship.

scholarly journals Assessing Medical Student’s Ability to Interpret Traumatic Injuries on Computed Tomography Before and After the Third Year Clerkships

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Brady Werth ◽  
Barbara Nguyen ◽  
Jeanette Ward ◽  
Jared Reyes ◽  
Stephen D. Helmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Pelvic Injuries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Prospective Study Design

Introduction. Exposure to radiologic images during clinical rotationsmay improve students’ skill levels. This study aimed to quantifythe improvement in radiographic interpretation of life-threateningtraumatic injuries gained during third year clinical clerkships (MS-3). Methods. We used a paired-sample prospective study design tocompare students’ accuracy in reading computed tomography (CT)images at the beginning of their third year clerkships (Phase I) andagain after completion of all of their third year clerkships (Phase II).Students were shown life-threatening injuries that included head,chest, abdomen, and pelvic injuries. Overall scores for Phase II werecompared with Phase I, as well as sub-scores for each anatomicalregion: head, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Results. Only scores from students participating in both Phase Iand Phase II (N = 57) were used in the analysis. After completingtheir MS3 clerkship, students scored significantly better overall andin every anatomical region. Phase I and Phase II overall mean scoreswere 1.2 ± 1.1 vs. 4.6 ± 1.8 (p < 0.001). Students improved the mostwith respect to injuries of the head and chest and the area of leastimprovement was in interpreting CT scans of the abdomen. Althoughimprovements in reading radiographic images were noted after theclerkship year, students accurately diagnosed only 46% of life-threateningimages on CT scan in the trauma setting. Conclusions. These results indicated that enhanced education isneeded for medical students to interpret CT scans.Kans J Med 2018;11(4):91-94.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Image Characteristics before and after Interventional Treatment of Children’s Lymphangioma under Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chuangao Yin ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Deng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Interventional Therapy ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Intelligence Algorithm ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

The artificial intelligence algorithm was used to analyze the characteristics of computed tomography (CT) images before and after interventional treatment of children’s lymphangioma. Retrospective analysis was performed, and 30 children with lymphangioma from the hospital were recruited as the study subjects. The ultrasound-guided bleomycin interventional therapy was adopted and applied to CT scanning through convolutional neural network (CNN). The CT imaging-related indicators before and after interventional therapy were detected, and feature analysis was performed. In addition, the CNN algorithm was adopted to segment the image of the tumor was clearer and more accurate. At the same time, the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of the CNN algorithm was 0.9, which had a higher degree of agreement. In terms of clinical symptoms, the cured children’s lesions disappeared, the skin surface returned to normal color, and the treatment was smooth. In the two cases with effective treatment, the cystic mass at the lesion site was significantly smaller, and the nodules disappeared. CT images before interventional therapy showed that lymphangiomas in children were more common in the neck. The cystic masses at all lesion sites varied in diameter and size, and most of them were similar to round and irregular, with uniform density distribution. The boundary was clear, the cyst was solid, and there were different degrees of compression and spread to the surrounding structure. Most of them were polycystic, and a few of them were single cystic. After interventional treatment, CT images showed that 27 cases of cured children’s lymphangioma completely disappeared. Lymphangioma was significantly reduced in two children with effective treatment. Edema around the tumor also decreased significantly. Patients who did not respond to the treatment received interventional treatment again, and the tumors disappeared completely on CT imaging. No recurrence or new occurrence was found in three-month follow-up. The total effective rate of interventional therapy for lymphangioma in children was 96.67%. The CNN algorithm can effectively compare the CT image features before and after interventional treatment for children’s lymphangioma. It was suggested that the artificial intelligence algorithm-aided CT imaging examination was helpful to guide physicians in the accurate treatment of children’s lymphangioma.

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