Comparative analysis of analog parameters signal multi-pliers by differential transistor pairs

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Aleksander Ulyashin ◽  
◽  
Aleksander Velichko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Internal Noise ◽  
Main Task ◽  
External Interference ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Radio Equipment ◽  
Overload Capacity

This paper is devoted to the comparative analysis of modern integral variables. Today, a number of foreign companies, such as Texas Instruments and Analog Devices, produce analog signal multipliers (APS) in integrated design. Russian industry produces chips of the 525PS and 174HA series. Each manufacturer uses its own method of implementing the device. The main task of such devices is to calculate the current voltage, phase, exponential and transcendental functions. Wide applicability of APS in integrated design was found in devices for analog processing and conversion of signals of communication and radio equipment, in devices for automatic control of onboard and ground radio equipment. A very important characteristic of such equipment is the dynamic range. The dynamic range of the receiver is the range of input signal amplitudes that provide the required quality of reproduction of the received message. The lower limit of the dynamic range is determined by the level of internal noise or external interference in the device, and the upper limit is determined by the device's overload capacity. In this regard, manufacturers of multipliers are faced with the task of maximizing the voltage that can be applied to its inputs. The difficulty is that the upper limit of the dynamic range is set by non-linear distortions. The non-linearity of the multiplier is a component of the multiplication error and characterizes the limiting capabilities of the APS inputs. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the main types of integral multipliers offered on the market is carried out in order to identify the best construction method for achieving the value of the dynamic range of the multiplier in 90 dB with high multiplication accuracy, which will allow using such a multiplier in modern radio equipment.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of methods for constructing analog-to-digital converters

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Aleksander Ulyashin ◽  
◽  
Aleksander Velichko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Analog To Digital Converters ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Analog To Digital

This paper is devoted to the comparative analysis of modern integrated analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). At the moment, a number of foreign companies, such as Analog Devices, Texas Instruments and Microchip, produce ADCs in integrated design. Each manufacturer uses its own method of implementing the device. The main task of such devices is to convert voltage to binary code. ADCs are used wherever it is necessary to receive an analog signal and process it in digital form. Examples include applications such as communications and telecommunications, various radio systems, and measurement technology. Very important characteristics of such equipment are dynamic range, ease of implementation and speed. The means of analog-to-digital conversion are constantly being improved, which leads to an increase in the speed of the converters and the frequency band of the converted signals, an increase in the dynamic range, sensitivity and accuracy of the ADC. Significant interest in high-speed ADCs with a large dynamic range is explained by the fact that in the vast majority of telecommunications and radio engineering systems, direct signal conversion schemes without intermediate frequency conversion are increasingly used. Broadband applications have also been developed. The main requirement in these applications is the high sensitivity and wide dynamic range of the transducer for simultaneous detection of strong and weak signals. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the main types of analog-to-digital converters offered on the market is carried out in order to identify the most optimal construction method for using it in modern equipment.

Market Reforms in Russia: Can the Vicious Circle Be Teared Open?

2004 ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
V. Nimushin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Way

In the framework of broad philosophic and historical context the author conducts comparative analysis of the conditions for assimilating liberal values in leading countries of the modern world and in Russia. He defends the idea of inevitable forward movement of Russia on the way of rationalization and cultivation of all aspects of life, but, to his opinion, it will occur not so fast as the "first wave" reformers thought and in other ideological and sociocultural forms than in Europe and America. The author sees the main task of the reformist forces in Russia in consolidation of the society and inplementation of socially responsible economic policy.

scholarly journals Dynamic Range Analysis of the Phase Generated Carrier Demodulation Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Plotnikov ◽  
A. V. Kulikov ◽  
V. E. Strigalev ◽  
I. K. Meshkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Nonlinear Character ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Low Pass Filters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Phase Generated Carrier

The dependence of the dynamic range of the phase generated carrier (PGC) technique on low-pass filters passbands is investigated using a simulation model. A nonlinear character of this dependence, which could lead to dynamic range limitations or measurement uncertainty, is presented for the first time. A detailed theoretical analysis is provided to verify the simulation results and these results are consistent with performed calculations. The method for the calculation of low-pass filters passbands according to the required dynamic range upper limit is proposed.

The right of publicity in Chinese Law? A comment on the Michael Jeffrey Jordan case and comparative analysis with the US, UK, Germany, and the Asia Pacific

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-460
Author(s):  
Chenguo Zhang ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Right Of Publicity ◽  
Unfair Competition Law ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trademark Registration ◽  
The Right

In Michael Jeffery Jordan v Chinese Trademark Review and Adjudication Board, the Supreme People's Court (SPC) set a precedent for foreign companies and celebrities enforcing their rights of publicity against malicious trademark registration in China. This article introduces the legal grounds of the SPC's deliberations on Jordan's claims and responds to the critiques of most Chinese commentators in the field of civil law. Deeply influenced by German law, mainland China's legal system strictly distinguishes between personality rights and property rights. Comparative analysis with the US, Germany, Japan, and Hong Kong indicates that different legal civilizations have developed different approaches to position the right of publicity logically in their legal systems. The Jordan decision indicates that the ‘right of the name’ is a prior right provided in Article 32 of the Trademark Law of the PRC. This article contends that the ‘right of the name’ as provided in the Chinese Anti-Unfair Competition Law differs from the ‘right of the name’ articulated in Article 110 of the General Principles of Civil Law (2017). The former concerns the commercial interest and property aspects of a celebrity's name, which is fairly similar to the right of publicity, while the latter regards the personality right. The further development of the right of publicity protection relies in mainland China on a consistent judicial practice.

scholarly journals Main directions of the development of the risk management system in corporations

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 07012
Author(s):  
Natalia Rykhtikova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Management System ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
General System ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Risk Management System ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
High Level

Actuality and relevance of implementation of the risk management processes in the general system of management in organizations are justified in this article. Three major issues can be pointed out as referred to the implementation of the risk management system in modern organizations, such as 1) a high level of costs combined with relatively long payback period; 2) lack of the universal approach to the implementation of the risk management procedures; and 3) difficulties in identification of perspective directions of the systems under consideration. The basic directions of development of the risk management systems in the corporate structures are defined based on the results of comparative analysis of the experience of Russian and foreign companies. The activity in the field of risk management of such corporations as “Rusgidro”, “NMLK”, the Investment Company “RUSS-INVEST”, “Severstal”, “Gazpromneft”, “Metalloinvest”, “Philips”, “Nestlé”, and “Unilever” became the object of our research. Comparative analysis of practices of implementation of the risk management system has been performed based on the following criteria: organizational structure of management, register and prioritization of risks, structure and methods of risk management, and effectiveness of the risk management systems. The results of the study allowed identifying the following basic directions of development of the risk management systems in the corporations: amending register of prioritization of risks; increasing level of integration of the risk management procedures into the basic business processes of the corporations; expanding of use of the external assessments, credit rankings, etc. in the framework of implementation of the risk management procedures; increasing level of unification of methods of risk assessment and management that finally would be a prerequisite for improving effectiveness of the risk management systems in organizations.

scholarly journals Transnational Corporation’s Failure in China: Focus on Tesco

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7170
Author(s):  
Kim Woohyoung ◽  
Hyun Kim ◽  
Jinsoo Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Brand Recognition ◽  
Product Location

Many of the foreign companies operating in China have claimed that they have failed and are constantly deciding on a strategic withdrawal from the Chinese market. We intend to conduct an empirical analysis of Chinese consumers in order to determine the cause of Tesco’s management failure in China. The survey was conducted on those in their 20s or older who had experience shopping at both Tesco and RT-Mart. As a result, a total of 650 copies were distributed to obtain an effective sample of 607 copies, which was used for the analysis. This paper conducted a comparative analysis on Chinese consumers who visited both Tesco and its rival company RT-Mart in China. We found through comparative analysis that Tesco was destined to fail in many areas. It was estimated that RT-Mart was more satisfactory in all factors, including product, location, brand recognition, and employee service.

Comparative analysis of the efficiency of oil–producing companies in Russia and the world

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina E. Link ◽  
◽  
Mikhail V. Mishenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Tax Deductions ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

The study compares domestic and foreign companies in the oil and gas sector for the first time and identifies the distinctive features of each group. The results of calculations showed that the profit of any large oil and gas company is affected by revenue, cost of production and the amount of tax deductions. Moreover, the refinancing rate of the country where the company is registered is important for the activities of oil and gas companies.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM OF COMPENSATION OF NONLINEAR DISTORTIONS OF RADIO DEVICES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (47) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
О. V. Shefer
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Algorithm ◽  
Nonlinear Distortion ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
Adaptive Compensation ◽  
Nonlinear Distortions ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Radio Equipment ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Reference Input

As part of the article the scientifically grounded synthesis of the algorithm of adaptive compensation of nonlinear distortion (ACNLD) of radio devices based on the use of the mathematical apparatus of a theory of nonlinear analysis (Voltaire series). Actual speed and accuracy of adaptation were determined by choosing the optimal value of transmission coefficient. Some actual causes of limitation of dynamic range and appearance of internal noises of radio equipment were established. The estimation of ACNLD noise influence on its efficiency was carried out, and also the influence of signal component of the reference input ACNLD on radio quality indicators

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the energies of needle bar mechanisms of the sewing machines

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Bl. Paleva-Kadiyska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Sewing Machine ◽  
General Energy ◽  
Full Rotation ◽  
The One

Introduction: Sewing machines a set of mechanisms that work together, of which the most dynamic mechanism is the one that drives the needle. Stitch quality, the stitch strength and the productivity of the sewing machine largely depend on the work of the needle bar mechanism. The main task during the study dynamics of the sewing machine mechanisms is to determine the energy balance. Purpose: The aim is to determine the total energy consumed by the mechanisms per one full rotation of the main shaft of each machine; the share of energy consumed by each unit of the needle bar mechanism for one turnover; the ratio of the energy of each of the links of the mechanism both during the working motion and during the free motion of the needle. Materials and Methods: The object of the study is the energies of the needle bar mechanisms of the sewing machines Juki DDL5550 and Textima 8332. An energy distribution analysis was performed during the working process and the free stroke of the sewing needle. The energies of the mechanisms of the two sewing machines were compared. Results: Were calculated maximum energy values are as follows: of the rocker: for Juki DDL5530 Ek = 2,8051 kg.m2/s2 and for Textima 8332 Ek = 1,3864 kg.m2/s2; of the executive links - the needle bars: for Juki DDL5530 Ek = 5,9507 kg.m2/s2 and for Textima 8332 Ek = 4,3696 kg.m2/s2; general energy of needle bar mechanism: for Juki DDL5530 Ek = 8,7487 kg.m2/s2 and for Textima 8332 Ek = 5,7416 kg.m2/s2. Conclusion: The comparative analysis reveals that the energy consumption of the needle bar mechanism of Juki DDL5530 is significantly higher. Consequently, the energy consumption indicator of the Textima 8332, which is directly driven without a clamp, is more efficient.

scholarly journals Effect of chronic stimulation and stimulus level on temporal processing by cochlear implant listeners

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
François Guérit ◽  
Alexander J. Billig ◽  
Yu Chuen Tam ◽  
Frances Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Stimulus Level ◽  
Adaptive Procedure ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Rate Discrimination

AbstractA series of experiments investigated potential changes in temporal processing during the months following activation of a cochlear implant (CI) and as a function of stimulus level. Experiment 1 tested patients on the day of implant activation and two and six months later. All stimuli were presented using direct stimulation of a single apical electrode. The dependent variables were rate discrimination ratios (RDRs) for pulse trains with rates centred on 120 pulses per second (pps), obtained using an adaptive procedure, and a measure of the upper limit of temporal pitch, obtained using a pitch-ranking procedure.All stimuli were presented at their most comfortable level (MCL). RDRs decreased from 1.23 to 1.16 and the upper limit increased from 357 to 485 pps from 0 to 2 months post-activation, with no overall change from 2 to 6 months. Because MCLs and hence the testing level increased across sessions, two further experiments investigated whether the performance changes observed across sessions could be due to level differences. Experiment 2 re-tested a subset of subjects at 9 months post-activation, using current levels similar to those used at 0 months. Although the stimuli sounded softer, some subjects showed lower RDRs and/or higher upper limits at this re-test. Experiment 3 measured RDRs and the upper limit for a separate group of subjects at levels equal to 60%, 80%, and 100% of the dynamic range. RDRs decreased with increasing level. The upper limit increased with increasing level for most subjects, with two notable exceptions. Implications of the results for temporal plasticity are discussed, along with possible influences of the effects of level and of across-session learning.

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