scholarly journals The priorities of rural development in EU countries in years 2007–2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sadowski ◽  
W. Czubak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
The Individual

The diversified level of agricultural development and directions of evolution of rural areas in the individual EU countries results in complex and diversified problems for the agricultural policy. That was a basic reason of giving a relatively great freedom to the individual member states to choose measures within the individual axes of the Rural Development Programmes. The allocation of expenses to the individual measures Member States should ensure that synergies among the economic, environmental and social aspects and, by assumption, it is supposed to reflect the priorities of rural development. The analysis of the allocation of expenses within the national rural development programmes will indicate similarities and differences of the use of the CAP support in the regional aspect. The main goal of the paper was to determine the priorities of rural development in the individual EU member states. As results from the analysis the specific character of the individual programmes corresponded to the level of development of the individual countries and the needs of the agribusiness and rural areas resulting from that level. The diversification concerning the directions of use of the assets from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development resulted from the different wealth of the societies and rural communities in the individual countries.  

scholarly journals Local Communities Participation in Rural Development: the Experience of the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 (09) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
S. Golovina ◽  
Aleksey Ruchkin ◽  
I. Mikolaychik ◽  
L. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Member States

Abstract. The use of the experience of implementing the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the member states of the European Union (EU) is relevant both for Russia and for other countries of the world interested in the successful development of the agrarian sector of the economy and rural areas. The role of rural areas in achieving national security of countries and regions (food, biological, environmental and other) is increasing significantly due to the current challenges and threats (climate change, COVID-19 pandemic, aggravation of the international situation). The purpose of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, is to scrutinise the special approach implemented under the CAP. This approach is referred to in European law as LEADER/CLLD and refers to a close combination of comprehensive cross-sector interaction with active involvement of local communities in rural development. In the work, analytical and review research methods were used, with the help of which (1) the current (relevant to the research topic) legislation, (2) programs implemented in the EU member states, (3) significant scientific publications were subject to scrupulous study. The result of the work is a review and analysis of the findings and practical recommendations for the future use of the various aspects of LEADER/CLLD in domestic political and economic practice. The application of this approach takes into account the fact that the experience of local residents, combined with the opinions of other stakeholders, can help to better adapt rural development policy to real needs and opportunities, and to form a specific (unique) human capital within the boundaries of rural communities. Human capital includes, in addition to specific skills, (1) the ability to take constructive initiatives, (2) a sense of local identity and ownership, (3) the ability to participate as equals with other partners in defining local development strategies, (4) trust between people, private enterprises, public institutions and sectoral communities interested in successful rural development, formed through constant interaction. Theoretical and practical conclusions regarding the content of LEADER/CLLD initiatives, as well as findings related to the possibilities of introducing tools and mechanisms to support rural areas, implemented directly with the involvement of local communities with financial support from the state, are of scientific novelty.

scholarly journals New Assessment of Development Status among the People Living in Rural Areas: an Alternative Approach for Rural Vitality

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Costică Mihai ◽  
Simona-Roxana Ulman ◽  
Mihaela David
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Status ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

In the process of development, the rural areas meet a wide range of economic, environmental and social challenges. This study theoretically discusses the concept of rural development and attempts to evaluate the development status among the people living in rural areas. In this scope, we propose the personal rural development index (PRDI), which is composed to, on one hand, an individual dimension and, on the other hand, a community one, related to different aspects of rural vitality. In this regard, three socio-economic components, namely economy, education – including a sub-dimension regarding culture, and health – with an environment sub-dimension were considered. These dimensions are influenced by the rural activities, especially the agricultural ones, that generates, nearby the economic results, as main objective for the individual or economic agent, also a set of economic, social or environmental externalities, from the category of public goods and of which both the stable and transitional residents of the area benefit. So, the complexity of the personal rural development index is high, aiming to put into light both individual and public components. The data used was obtained through a survey applied in seven rural communities from the North-East Region of Romania.

scholarly journals The Leader Approach Across The European Union: One Method of Rural Development, Many Forms of Implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Konečný
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

Abstract After the accession of the ten new member states to the EU in 2004 and the following membership of Bulgaria and Romania in 2007, the (neo)endogenous development method LEADER has become pan-European. LEADER was implemented in all EU countries in the period 2007–2013, however, its application and potential to impact rural areas differed from country to country. Therefore, the aim of the article is to describe these differences on the basis of support outputs of LEADER under Axis 4 of the Rural Development Programs in 2007–2013. Respecting different path dependencies of the EU states, the article demonstrates the differences in the implementation of this method in two basic territorial units of the EU member states according to the length of the EU membership, as well as the length of experience in implementation of the LEADER method. The scope of LEADER implementation and the potential impact significantly differed between the old and new member states, and the internal heterogeneity of groups is also evident. On the one hand, lack of embeddedness of the method is manifested among the EU12 states (the need for dynamic growth of institutional capacity), on the other hand, socio-economic and political factors modify scope, potential impact and way of implementation of the method in individual countries.

Agricultural Development in European Union: Drivers, Challenges and Perspectives

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4II) ◽  
pp. 565-580
Author(s):  
Laura Giurca Vasilescu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Rural Development Policy ◽  
The Eu

Globalisation of world trade, consumer-led quality requirements and EU enlargement are the new realities and challenges facing European agriculture today. The changes will affect not only agricultural markets, but also local economies in rural areas. The future of the agricultural sector is closely linked to a balanced development of rural areas. The Community dimension in this relationship is therefore clear: agricultural and rural policy have an important role to play in the cohesion of EU territorial, economic and social policy. With over 56 percent of the population in the 27 Member States of the European Union (EU) living in rural areas, which cover 91 percent of the territory, rural development is a vitally important policy area. Farming and forestry remain crucial for land use and the management of natural resources in the EU’s rural areas, and as a platform for economic diversification in rural communities. The strengthening of EU rural development policy is, therefore, an overall EU priority. The European Union has an active rural development policy because this helps to achieve valuable goals for the country sides and for the people who live and work there. The policy is funded partly from the central EU budget and partly from individual Member States' national or regional budgets. Theoretically, individual EU Member States could decide and operate completely independent rural development policies. However, this approach would work poorly in practice. Not all countries in the EU would be able to afford the policy which they needed and many of the issues addressed through rural development policy do not divide up neatly at national or regional boundaries. Also, rural development policy has links to a number of other policies set at EU level. Therefore, the EU has a common rural development policy, which nonetheless places considerable control in the hands of individual Member States and regions. The EU’s rural development policy is all about meeting the challenges faced by our rural areas, and unlocking their potential.

scholarly journals Categorization of the EU Member States in the Context of Selected Multicriteria International Indices Using Cluster Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-401
Author(s):  
Erika Onuferová ◽  
Veronika Čabinová ◽  
Mária Matijová
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe main aim of the paper was to analyse the economic and social development of the European Union (EU) member states (28 countries) on the basis of selected five multicriteria indices (the Global Competitiveness Index, the Economic Freedom Index, the Global Innovation Index, the Corruption Perceptions Index, the Human Development Index). To perform settled aim, a multidimensional classification of EU countries for years 2011 and 2018 using cluster analysis was realized. The purpose of the analysis was to categorize the individual EU countries into clusters and to find out to what extent the position of EU member states has changed in terms of selected international indices over the analysed period. Based on the findings, it is arguable that a major part of the EU member states cluster into the same groups based on the selected indices assessment, regardless of the time period. However, six countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, and United Kingdom) improved their position during the period under review and ranked into the cluster of more prosperous countries in 2018. The rate of change (improvement) was quantified at the level of 21.43%. Based on the results, Latvia and Lithuania were the most similar countries in terms of economic prosperity (Euclidean distance reached the level of 3.08), while the least similar countries were Greece and Sweden (Euclidean distance reached the level of 70.8). Declining Euclidean distances indicate that economic disparities of the individual EU countries have decreased in the period under review. This paper aims at developing the research to find out how, besides hierarchy, we can analyse the EU member states from the perspective of various multicriteria indices. The four proposed clusters could be used as a starting point for future policy reforms, pointing to the weaknesses of various countries.

scholarly journals Archetypes and imagination in the formation of rural neo-societies: conclusions for the state policy of rural development

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
T. M. Lozynska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
The Individual

The article contains the results of a study on modelling new communities in rural areas of Ukraine. Modelling considers both the possibility of modernization of archetypes and archaization of the individual imaginary. The research methodology is based on the theoretical work of G. Durand on the structures of the imaginary, used in the study of the transformation of rural communities. The the applied value of the research is determined by the possibility of using the obtained results in the development of state policy of rural development. The initial hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the stratification of modern rural society is based on archetypes (images, myths or schemes), which subconsciously create an idea, crystallize the imaginary and form thinking. Social processes in rural areas were eclectic, mixed with “modern” and “archaic”. It is noted that old archetypes and ideas showed a high ability to survive and adapt to new conditions, demonstrating incredible configurations of a combination of tradition and innovation. Attention is drawn to the fallacy of the dominant notion that market transformations of the economy will contribute to forming an exclusive class of owners. The reality has become the antagonism of relations between owners and non-owners, who have become employees with poorly protected rights. G. Durand attributes a “dramatic myth” to the “night mode” of the structure of representation. It is noted that social gaps, violating the integrity of rural communities, also affected the perception of the individual’s place in the local social environment and his behaviour within the community, based on which 10 social groups of rural communities were modelled. It is concluded that the formation of imaginary and archetypes in rural communities occurs in an environment where the number of strangers is increasing. The polarization of the rural population and the confrontation of relations indicate the destructiveness of social processes in rural areas. Society must create artificial social institutions that will regulate human life, and this seems to be a super difficult task in the context of a variety of archetypes of rural life.

scholarly journals Pharmacy Practice and Education in Slovenia

Pharmacy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Borut Božič ◽  
Aleš Obreza ◽  
Jeffrey Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Individual

The PHARMINE (“Pharmacy Education in Europe”) project studied pharmacy practice and education in the European Union (EU) member states. The work was carried out using an electronic survey sent to chosen pharmacy representatives. The surveys of the individual member states are now being published as reference documents. This paper presents the results of the PHARMINE survey on pharmacy practice and education in Slovenia. In the light of this, we examine the harmonisation of practice and education in Slovenia with EU norms.

scholarly journals Research on the Relationship between Transport Infrastructure and Performance in Rail and Road Freight Transport—A Case Study of Japan and Selected European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6654
Author(s):  
Jozef Gnap ◽  
Šimon Senko ◽  
Mariusz Kostrzewski ◽  
Mária Brídziková ◽  
Renáta Cződörová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Railway Infrastructure

Transport is key for our economy and society, as good transport infrastructure helps to improve the mobility of citizens and the flow of goods. The European Union intends to maintain support for the development of transport infrastructure in the individual Member States. The aim of this study was to use correlation analysis to compare selected parameters of the road and railway infrastructure of Japan and selected EU countries. The significance of the correlations between various parameters characterizing the transport infrastructure of Japan and selected EU countries was tested. Correlation analysis is not typical in transport-oriented research. Several studies have employed such analysis; however, the majority of them have focused on passenger transport and correlations concerning the behavior of the customers of this mode of transport. The aim of this study was to answer the following research question: is there any correlation between transport performance and infrastructure or investment in infrastructure in relation to the mentioned countries, and, if so, is there a connection between the selected countries where this correlation occurs? Greater investment can also be expected in the construction of high-speed railways, given the decisions of some EU Member States not to resume national air transport where there is good railway infrastructure, even after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Critical Analysis of the Zero Risk Weight Privilege for European Sovereign Debt in Light of Art. 124 TFEU

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Credit Institutions

AbstractThe zero risk weight privilege for European sovereign debt in the current capital adequacy requirements for credit institutions incentivises credit institutions to acquire and hold sovereign debt. However, it also poses a significant risk to the stability of the banking system and thus the financial system as a whole. It is argued that this privilege should not only be abolished due to the risk it entails but that it is also non conformant with EU primary law. Art. 124 TFEU prohibits privileged access of the EU and Member States' public sector to financial institutions except for prudential considerations. The protective purpose of Art. 124 TFEU to ensure sound budgetary policies by subjecting public borrowing to the same rules as borrowing by other market participants is thwarted by the uniform zero risk weight privilege. Further, as this privilege does not take into account the varying creditworthiness of the individual Member States it does not promote the soundness of financial institutions so as to strengthen the soundness of the financial system as whole, but rather endangers systemic stability. The zero risk weight privilege is therefore not based on prudential considerations and hence violates Art. 124 TFEU.

scholarly journals Language policy and language education in the Netherlands and Romania

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folkert Kuiken ◽  
Elisabeth van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States

The European Union encourages all its citizens to be able to speak two languages in addition to their mother tongue. However, since the content of educational systems is the responsibility of individual member states, promoting multilingualism depends on the language policy of each member state. Still, countries may learn from practices and experiences in other countries. The similarities and differences between two case studies may be instructive from that point of view. In this paper, language policy and language education in two EU member states are compared with each other: the Netherlands on the one hand and Romania on the other. Questions that will be raised are: what are the linguistic rights of the minority groups, which languages are taught to whom, and to which degree is multilingualism an issue in both countries? Despite differences between the two countries, some striking similarities are observed.

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