scholarly journals Selected physical properties of liquid biofuels

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
P. Trávníček ◽  
M. Valach ◽  
Z. Hlaváčová ◽  
J. Mareček ◽  
T. Vítěz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester ◽  
Control Samples

The goal of this study was the determination of basic physical properties such as density, calorific value and rheological properties of liquid biofuels. Biofuels on the base of bioethanol and rapeseed methyl ester were chosen. Following control samples were selected: diesel oil without admixture of methyl esters and commercially available diesel oils with small amount of methyl ester admixture (6.2 and 6.5%). Dynamic viscosities of individual samples were measured in the range from –10°C to 50°C. Then dependence of shear rate on shear stress was measured at temperatures –10, 0, 20 and 40°C. The most of samples showed the Newtonian behaviour. However, samples with high content of methyl esters or pure methyl esters showed thixotropy behaviour at the low temperature.

scholarly journals  Effect of rapeseed methyl ester on fuel consumption and engine power

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
M. Pexa ◽  
K. Kubín
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester ◽  
Tractor Engine ◽  
Engine Power

This paper describes the effect of a mixture of rapeseed methyl ester and diesel oil on fuel consumption and power parameters of tractor engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to load the engine of Zetor Forterra 8641 tractor over rear power take-off. The measured tractor is almost new with less than 100 h worked. The measurements were realized for several ratios of diesel oil and rapeseed methyl ester (from pure diesel to pure rapeseed methyl ester). The engine was loaded by the dynamometer in several working points which were predefined by engine speed and its torque. The fuel consumption was measured by the flow meter in each of these points. The reduction of engine’s power parameters and the increase of specific fuel consumption are expected due to the nature of rapeseed methyl ester such as e.g. lower calorific value.  

Comparison of Two Infrared Methods for the Determination of Isolated Trans Unsaturation in Fats, Oils, and Methyl Ester Derivatives

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1288-1292
Author(s):  
Anita Huang ◽  
David Firestone
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Tentative Method ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
Sample Matrix ◽  
Infrared Methods

Abstract A study was made to compare the rapid method reported by Allen with the tentative method of the American Oil Chemists’ Society for the determination of isolated (unconjugated) trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids. The rapid method was found to be less accurate. The accuracy of the rapid method can be improved by using an oil or methyl ester matrix with the same composition as the sample matrix for the determination of K-and f-values used for calculation of per cent trans isomers. Results obtained with both methods for methyl esters were more accurate than results for vegetable oils. An analysis of variance was performed to compare the methods.

Synthesis of Methyl Ester from Rice Bran Oil through the Esterification Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Santoso ◽  
Abdurrohman ◽  
Anugrah Ricky Wijaya ◽  
Dedek Sukarianingsih ◽  
Sumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Esterification Reaction

Vegetable oil is one of rice bran components. As triglycerides, vegetable oil can be converted to fatty acid and alkyl esters for further treatments. Synthesis of alkyl ester oil can be carried out by esterification or transesterification reaction, depending on the quality of the oil and the catalyst. The purposes of this study are 1) Rice bran oil isolation, 2) Oil esterification 3) Characterization and identification of the methyl ester that compose rice bran oil. The stages in this research are 1) Extraction of rice bran oil, 2) Synthesis of methyl ester from rice bran through esterification reaction, 3) Methyl ester characterization of rice bran oil and its potential test as biodiesel included determination of density, viscosity, refractive index, and acid number test, 4) The identification of synthesized methyl esters composition using GC-MS. The results showed that rice bran oil has a yield of 18.09%. Synthesis of methyl esters from rice bran oil through the esterification reaction with a catalyst acid yields 72.37%. The characters of the synthesized methyl ester are on the range of biodiesel quality standards, namely, the density is 0.850 g/mL, viscosity is 4.73 cSt, a refractive index is 1.45871, and an acid number is 0.76 g KOH/g methyl ester, therefore it is claimed that the synthesized methyl esters have the potential as biodiesel. The GC-MS result showed the presence of compounds methyl tetradecanoate (0.38%), methyl hexadecanoate (40.67%), methyl 9-octadecenoate (53.68%), methyl octadecanoate (5.02%), and methyl eicosanoate (0.14%).

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATIONS INTO ENERGETIC AND ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CAMELINA-BASED BIOFUEL USED IN THE 1Z DIESEL ENGINE

Transport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergejus Lebedevas ◽  
Saugirdas Pukalskas ◽  
Justas Žaglinskis ◽  
Jonas Matijošius
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Recirculation

The paper presents the findings of comparative investigations into the operation of Audi 80 1.9l 4 cylinder diesel engine, TDI, type 1Z, 66 kW powered by new FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) mixtures of spring (SCME) and winter (WCME) camelina-based biofuel and mineral diesel. The article assesses the principles of operating electronic control over the diesel engine (ECS) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and looks at a positive impact of the system on energetic (be, ηe) and ecological (CH, NOx, CO2, SM) parameters. The ECS of the average and maximal power of the engine improve in-cylinder air injection that has an impact on an increase in ηe by approximately 30% and reduces the emission of the harmful components from incomplete combustion. It is accepted that in case diesel fuel is replaced by FAME biofuels (RME – rapeseed methyl ester; SCME – spring camelina methyl ester; WCME – winter camelina methyl ester), ECS control parameters shall not be retrofitted or additionally optimized. The properties of camelina-based biofuel mixtures B30 (SCME) and B30 (WCME) and diesel fuel are similar to the properties of the standard mixtures of RME biofuel B30 (RME). If compared to diesel fuel, the use of camelina-based biofuel mixtures B30 (SCME) and B30 (WCME) enables lower emissions of harmful components from exhaust gases, which makes approximately 15% of CH and 20÷25% of SM.

scholarly journals Model of layered flow of viscous-plastic Bingham fluid in the extruder channel

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
A. V. Gukasyan
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Effective Viscosity ◽  
Piston Flow ◽  
Layered Flow ◽  
Discharge Pressure ◽  
Pressure Characteristics

The analysis is carried out and the presence of a zone of a piston flow, which has a significant influence both on the process of extrusion, and on the determination of the discharge-pressure characteristics of the screw, is established. It is noted that the effective viscosity has a physical meaning if the shear rate to which it corresponds is indicated. The effective viscosity is considered to consist of two components: the plastic viscosity corresponding to the viscosity of the Newtonian fluid and the structural viscosity that characterizes the shear resistance caused by the tendency of the solid particles contained in the Bingham liquid to form a structure. The effective viscosity is introduced into many hydrodynamic equations if the shear rate to which it corresponds is known. In the auger channel there are zones of forced flow created by the dynamic shear stress and the reverse flow of the head resistance created by the overpressure. The shear rate in the auger channel is marked by considerable heterogeneity and determines the complex nature of the shear deformation of the material during extrusion. Regardless of the pressure amplitude, the rigid core can not completely disappear, because for very small dimensions of the nucleus the pressure value must be very large, and with the disappearance of the plastic flow it must become infinite. Thus, the dependence of the shear stress on the shear rate for the flow of a Bingham viscoplastic fluid is always nonlinear for any values of the shear rate. An important element in the calculation of the discharge-pressure characteristics of the extrusion process is the localization of the plastic flow in the screw channel. As a result of the analysis of the model of the layered flow of viscoplastic Bingham liquid in the extruder channel, it is established that there is a zone of piston flow that exerts a significant influence both on the process of extrusion and on the determination of the discharge and pressure characteristics of the screw.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Detecting Diesel Leaking Into Engine Oil with Fuel Sniffer

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-755
Author(s):  
Marie Sejkorová ◽  
Petr Jilek
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester

The paper presents the possibilities of detecting diesel fuel without rapeseed methyl ester (RME) in the concentration range of 0–9.54 wt% leaking into engine oil of SAE 15W – 40 viscosity specifications using Spectro FDM Q600 – Fuel Sniffer. The results are confronted with regard to the determination of the accuracy and precision of the repeatability of measuring diesel fuel in oil with this type of instrument. By expressing the linear dependence between the diesel concentration determined by Fuel Sniffer and the actual diesel concentration in engine oil of model samples, correlation R = 0.998 was obtained. From the point of view of verifying the accuracy of the method, it was not proved that it would be burdened with systematic errors. Precision of measurement by this instrument, expressed as repeatability, reached RSD below 5% only for the concentration of diesel in the oil higher than 3.33 wt%.

Gas Chromatographic Determination of Trans Unsaturation in Margarine: Collaborative Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Gildenberg ◽  
David Firestone
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Trans Unsaturation ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
International Collaborative Study

Abstract An international collaborative study of a gas chromatographic (GC) method for the determination of trans unsaturation in margarine was conducted in 1980. Thirteen collaborators analyzed a set of 2 of 3 known mixtures of methyl esters and 4 margarine methyl ester samples. Two of the margarine methyl ester samples were blind duplicates. The experimental data were subjected to statistical analysis to determine within- and between-laboratory variation. The statistical data were in excellent agreement with data from a collaborative study of the AOACIUPAC GC method for the determination of methyl esters of fatty acids. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for components in the range of 4-40% were comparable (CV 2-6% for soybean oil methyl esters (AOAC-IUPAC study) as well as for margarine methyl esters (this study)). Good recoveries of total trans acids were obtained and betweenlaboratory as well as within-laboratory CVs were consistently better for the determination of total trans acids by GC vs infrared analysis. The GC method for determining trans unsaturation in margarine has been adopted official first action.

Study of Performance and Emission Characteristics of C.I Engine fuelled with Hybrid Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerbhadrappa a, b, Telgane ◽  
Sharanappa Godiganur ◽  
N. Keerthi kumar ◽  
T.K. Chandrashekar
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

In the present experimental investigation, the performance and emission characteristics of four stroke single cylinder water-cooled DI diesel engine using dual hybrid biodiesel is evaluated. Dual hybrid biodiesel produced from Simarouba Oil Methyl Ester (SuOME) and Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester (JOME) is used as a fuel to run the engine. Both the methyl esters are mixed in equal % and blended with diesel (B20 to B100). The fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity, calorific value, flash point, carbon residue and specific gravity were found for the prepared biodiesel. The results showed that B20 has almost closer brake thermal efficiency compared to that of the conventional diesel fuel. Except NOx, B100 has recorded very less emission of CO, CO2 and HC compared to that of diesel fuel.

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