scholarly journals   Agricultural trade in example of milk from perspective of multi-criteria analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 315-323
Author(s):  
V. Doubek ◽  
J. Švasta ◽  
L. Ackermann Blažková

Traditional farming on agricultural land under the standard soil and natural-climatic conditions within the EU is based on the structure of the polygastric livestock (especially cattle), which ensures the complex carbon recycling and its return to arable soil. In the last 15 years, we have been witnessing to a sharp decline in the number of dairy cows in the Czech Republic. This fact has resulted in certain destabilising factors that have disrupted the stability of the biological system. Breeding dairy cows and its profitability is a function of the conditions for the realisation of milk production. This paper examines these aspects within a complex of factors from the use of milk production to the structure of the decision making process and it classifies and quantifies the individual problems from the perspective of the multi-criteria analysis.  

Author(s):  
Miroslav Svatoš ◽  
Luboš Smutka

This paper analyzes the development of agricultural trade of the countries of the Visegrad Group with emphasis on development of the value of agricultural exports of the individual countries. The subject matter of the analysis is the sensitivity of the commodity structure of agricultural exports of individual countries and the identification of aggregations that are the least and the most sensitive to changes to the external and internal economic environment. From the conducted research, agricultural trade in the V4 countries was found to have developed very dynamically from 1993 to 2008, while the commodity structure of exports has constantly narrowed as the degree of specialization of the individual countries has increased (this applies especially to the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary). From the results of analysis of sensitivity to changes of selected variables relating to the development of the value of agricultural exports of the individual V4 countries, it appears that the aggregations that react most sensitively to changes are those that are the subject of re-exports, followed by the aggregations that are characterized by a high degree of added value. In general it can be said that products of agricultural primary production exhibit less sensitivity in comparison with grocery industry products. This is confirmed by the general trend arising from the very nature of consumer behaviour.


2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Zanandra Boff Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo Leonel Bottega ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies ◽  
Marília Boff De Oliveira ◽  
Irajá Jantsch De Souza

O presente estudo teve como objetivo de estabelecer o zoneamento bioclimático para vacas leiteiras no estado do RS a partir do Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) e realizar a espacialização do déficit da produção de leite das vacas da raça Holandesa com nível de produção de 20, 25 e 30 kg dia -1. O estudo foi realizado para 27 municípios do estado para os quais foi calculado o ITU a partir de dados de temperatura média compensada (TMC) e umidade relativa compensada (URC), referentes a última normal climatológica (1961 e 1990) disponível no site do INMET. Nos meses em que o ITU foi superior ao de conforto térmico foi calculado a déficit de produção de leite. Uma vez detectada a dependência espacial, produziu-se o mapa temático da distribuição espacial da variável por meio de krigagem ordinária. O modelo esférico foi o que melhor ajustou à semivariância experimental observada para o ITU, que apresentou dependência espacial com correlação significativa negativa entre os valores de altitude. O ITU foi superior a 70, considerado condição de alerta, em 18 municípios dos 27 avaliados, nos meses de dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro, chegando ao valor máximo de 75,4, na faixa de municípios situados na região sudoeste, com altitude de até 100 m. O déficit de produção de leite de vacas Holandesas, para um nível de produção de 20 a 30 kg dia -1, em função de condições climáticas foi de até 4,20 kg dia -1 para o estado do RS.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: conforto térmico; índices de conforto térmico, geoestatística. BIOCLIMATIC ZONING FOR DAIRY COWS IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SULABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to establish the bioclimatic zoning for dairy cows in the state of RS analyzing  the temperature and humidity index (THI) and to perform the spatialization of  milk production deficit of  Holstein  cows  of 20, 25 and 30 kg day-1. The study was performed in  27 state municipalities for those UTI was calculated from the data of compensated mean temperature (TMC) and compensated relative humidity (URC), referring to the last climatological normal data (1961 and 1990) available on  INMET website. Once the spatial dependence was detected, a thematic map of the spatial distribution was generated using ordinary kriging. The spherical model was the best fit for the experimental semivariance observed for THI, which showed spatial dependence with significant negative correlation between altitude values. The THI was above 70, considered an alert condition, in 18 municipalities of the 27 evaluated, in the months of december, january and february, reaching a maximum value of 75.4, in the range of municipalities located in the southwest region, with altitude up to 100 m. The milk production deficit of Holstein cows, for a production yield of 20 to 30 kg day -1,  regarding  the climatic conditions, was up to 4.20 kg day -1 for the RS state.KEYWORDS: thermal comfort; thermal comfort indexes, geostatistics.


1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Blaxter

1. An experiment has been conducted with dairy cows to find the effect on milk production of feeding rations with a high dry-matter content—typical war-time rations.2. It was found that where a ration high in dry matter is fed, the cow tends to refuse food, and a statistically significant fall in milk production results. The correlation between the refusal of food, calculated in terms of starch equivalent, and the fall in milk production was 0·959.3. The factors causing this inability of the cow to consume sufficient food to meet her total nutrient requirements have been considered. It has been concluded that dry-matter consumption is not an adequate method of expressing the amount of food a cow will consume, and that the major factor influencing food consumption is the palatability of the individual foods making up the ration.My thanks are due to Dr S. J. Rowland for chemical analysis of the individual foods used in the experiments.


2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Svatoš ◽  
L. Smutka

This paper analyses the development of agricultural foreign trade in Austria, Hungary and the Czech Republic with the aim of uncovering the changes that have impacted the Central European agricultural trade over the ten year period (1999–2008). It issues from the results of the analysis of agricultural trade in the aforementioned countries, which has changed dramatically in terms of the commodity structure, the territorial structure and primarily the value structure. The main changes to have caused most of the changes to the individual characteristics of agricultural foreign trade in the particular countries under analysis are the process of the EU enlargementy, the adoption of obligations to ensue from the EU membership and the concentration in the internal market of the EU countries. We can see the actual changes in the commodity and territorial structure of the trade carried out in the individual countries under analysis. The changes which have occurred resulted in a dominant share of the member countries of the EU 27 in the agricultural trade of the individual countries under analysis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Petr Vaculík ◽  
Tomáš Jehlička ◽  
Viera Kažimírová ◽  
Andrea Smejtková

Abstract The article deals with the determination of water consumption at selected dairy farms during milking using automatic milking systems (AMS). The aim was to determine the water consumption during basic activities associated with the AMS use, namely water for cleaning the milking set and water for cleaning and disinfecting the entire milking system at set daily intervals (hereinafter water). The research was carried out at seven farms in the Czech Republic, which house dairy cows of the black-spotted Holstein cattle. The evaluated groups of dairy cows had from 97 to 103 milked cows for the entire monitored period. Based on the performed measurements, it was found that the average amount of water consumed by AMS per 1 litre of milked milk was 0.33 litres. The results show that water consumption is not completely constant during the year. Multiple factors, including performance, the number of non-drinking milk detections, animal health and current climatic conditions, influence it.


2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yoshioka ◽  
H. Matsuda ◽  
K. Sasaguri ◽  
M. Yonai

Many studies have reported on the low fertility of dairy herds during the past several years. The object of this study was to investigate the relationships between duration of estrus and various factors (milk production, peripheral steroid hormones, and period from estrus to ovulation). All primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows (n = 62) were fitted pedometers (Gyuho; Comtec, Miyazaki, Japan) that measure total counts of walking activity per hour and send the individual cow


2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frelich ◽  
Martin Šlachta ◽  
Milan Kobes

Reasons for the culling of dairy cows on low-input mountain farmsReasons for the culling of dairy cows were scrutinized on thirty-four low-input farms in the Šumava mountains in the Czech Republic. An increase in the frequency of the most common culling category - category 58 (other health reasons) - was identified in both the Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh breeds between 2000 and 2007: from 35% to 59% in the Holstein cows and from 19% to 41% in the Czech Fleckvieh cows (X2 test; P<0.001). This brought the Czech Fleckvieh cows to the same level of frequency as in the Czech Republic population, while the frequency among Holstein cows was on average 11% higher than in the Czech Republic population. The frequency of category 58 was higher in the Holstein than in the Czech Fleckvieh cows, but category 52 (low milk production) was more frequent in the Czech Fleckvieh than in the Holstein cows (P<0.001). There is a link between category 58 ‘other health reasons’ and an increase in the milk productivity of the cows; this results eventually in a higher incidence of metabolic disorders and is discussed in this paper.


Author(s):  
A. Cushnahan ◽  
F.J. Gordon

Recent work by Chiy and Phillips (1991, 1992) has shown that the application of sodium (Na) fertiliser can produce improvements in pasture growth, pasture composition and the performance of grazing dairy cattle. However other studies have shown much smaller or zero effects in terms of pasture production following Na application (Smithet al., 1983; O'Connoret al., 1989). The objective of the present series of studies was to examine the milk production response to Na fertilisation of pasture under a differing set of soil and climatic conditions and to establish if there was an optimum level of Na input. In addition it was important to pursue the mechanisms of any animal production responses recorded. A series of studies were therefore undertaken to examine: (a) the influence of Na fertilisation of pasture on dairy cattle performance in comparison with any effects obtained through dietary Na supplementation, and (b) the effects of Na on herbage production, composition and digestibility.


2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 222-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Svatoš ◽  
L. Smutka

The paper analyzes the development of the value, commodity and territorial structure and competitiveness of agricultural trade of the countries of the Visegrad Group in 1993&ndash;2008. Over the years, there has been a sharp increase not only to the volume, but also to the value of the traded agricultural products. The territorial structure of both exports and imports has narrowed to a decisive extent, primarily to the trade with the countries of the EU27. The commodity structure of agricultural trade has adapted very strongly both to the world and especially to the European market and it has furthermore reacted to the changes in the structure of the individual national markets. In the course of the years, the commodity structure has profiled so that there has been a limitation of aggregation with a strong comparative advantage on the market of the EU countries in relation to the aggregations that did not held this advantage. The analysis that has been performed indicates that the process of the accession to the EU has been reflected positively in the results of agricultural trade especially in the case of Poland. In the case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the entry into the EU likewise has not led to a worsening of the results in the area of agricultural trade. Only in the case of Hungary, one does find serious structural problems after the entry into the EU in the case of agricultural trade. It can be assumed that these problems can be attributed for the most part to the Hungary&rsquo;s current economic problems. &nbsp; &nbsp;


2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Morales-Almaráz ◽  
Ana Soldado ◽  
Amelia González ◽  
Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Ignacio Domínguez-Vara ◽  
...  

Grazing cows could produce milk with a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is beneficial to human health, compared with non-grazing cows, though grazing alone could compromise milk production. Under oceanic climate conditions, a study involving 15 dairy cows, fed total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum in combination with different grazing times of 12 h (TMR12), 6 h (TMR06) and zero grazing time (TMR00) with the aim to evaluate different strategies on the fatty acids profile of milk and milk production. No differences were seen between the treatments with respect to milk yield (34·4±6·3 kg/d) or milk protein content (30·4±1·8 g/kg). The milk produced by the TMR12 cows had less total fat (36·2 vs. 38·2 g/kg) and saturated fatty acid (FA, 69·39 vs. 71·44 g/100 g FA) than that produced by the TMR00 cows. The concentration of vaccenic acid in the TMR06 and TMR12 milk was twice that of the TMR00 milk (4·22, 4·09 and 2·26 g/100 g FA respectively). Linear increases in conjugated linoleic (CLA) and linolenic acids were observed with increasing grazing time. Pasture was an important source of FA especially C18:3 for TMR06 and TMR12 cows. Under oceanic climatic conditions, the grazing of dairy cows as a complement to feeding with TMR can improve the FA profile of milk and increase its CLA content.


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