ZONEAMENTO BIOCLIMÁTICO PARA VACAS LEITEIRAS NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Zanandra Boff Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo Leonel Bottega ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies ◽  
Marília Boff De Oliveira ◽  
Irajá Jantsch De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Holstein Cows

O presente estudo teve como objetivo de estabelecer o zoneamento bioclimático para vacas leiteiras no estado do RS a partir do Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) e realizar a espacialização do déficit da produção de leite das vacas da raça Holandesa com nível de produção de 20, 25 e 30 kg dia -1. O estudo foi realizado para 27 municípios do estado para os quais foi calculado o ITU a partir de dados de temperatura média compensada (TMC) e umidade relativa compensada (URC), referentes a última normal climatológica (1961 e 1990) disponível no site do INMET. Nos meses em que o ITU foi superior ao de conforto térmico foi calculado a déficit de produção de leite. Uma vez detectada a dependência espacial, produziu-se o mapa temático da distribuição espacial da variável por meio de krigagem ordinária. O modelo esférico foi o que melhor ajustou à semivariância experimental observada para o ITU, que apresentou dependência espacial com correlação significativa negativa entre os valores de altitude. O ITU foi superior a 70, considerado condição de alerta, em 18 municípios dos 27 avaliados, nos meses de dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro, chegando ao valor máximo de 75,4, na faixa de municípios situados na região sudoeste, com altitude de até 100 m. O déficit de produção de leite de vacas Holandesas, para um nível de produção de 20 a 30 kg dia -1, em função de condições climáticas foi de até 4,20 kg dia -1 para o estado do RS.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: conforto térmico; índices de conforto térmico, geoestatística. BIOCLIMATIC ZONING FOR DAIRY COWS IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SULABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to establish the bioclimatic zoning for dairy cows in the state of RS analyzing  the temperature and humidity index (THI) and to perform the spatialization of  milk production deficit of  Holstein  cows  of 20, 25 and 30 kg day-1. The study was performed in  27 state municipalities for those UTI was calculated from the data of compensated mean temperature (TMC) and compensated relative humidity (URC), referring to the last climatological normal data (1961 and 1990) available on  INMET website. Once the spatial dependence was detected, a thematic map of the spatial distribution was generated using ordinary kriging. The spherical model was the best fit for the experimental semivariance observed for THI, which showed spatial dependence with significant negative correlation between altitude values. The THI was above 70, considered an alert condition, in 18 municipalities of the 27 evaluated, in the months of december, january and february, reaching a maximum value of 75.4, in the range of municipalities located in the southwest region, with altitude up to 100 m. The milk production deficit of Holstein cows, for a production yield of 20 to 30 kg day -1,  regarding  the climatic conditions, was up to 4.20 kg day -1 for the RS state.KEYWORDS: thermal comfort; thermal comfort indexes, geostatistics.

Serum Metabolic Markers Pre and Postpartum in Holstein Cows According to the Mastitis Occurrence

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Schwegler ◽  
Augusto Schneider ◽  
Ana Rita Tavares Krause ◽  
Paula Montagner ◽  
Eduardo Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Extensive Management ◽  
Early Postpartum

 Background: Bovine mastitis causes major economic losses for milk producers by reducing the quantity and the quality of the milk or even leading to the complete loss of the mammary gland secretory capacity. During the transition period, dairy cows are susceptible to infectious diseases; therefore, markers that allow early identification of cows in higher risk of developing diseases are especially useful at this time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate serum markers in the pre and postpartum of multiparous dairy cows with clinical mastitis and with health condition in the postpartum period in a semi-extensive management system.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-Six Holstein cows were monitored daily during milking until 59 days postpartum and were categorized according to the pre-milking strip cup test into clinical mastitis (mastitis group (MG)) and absence of symptoms (control group (CG)) that were negative to the test, representing the health cows. All cows were reared as one group and maintained in a semi-extensive pasture-based system. Blood samples were collected weekly after morning milking via venipuncture of the coccinea vein into tubes without anticoagulant and grouped for prepartum (-21 to 0 days from calving), early postpartum (0 to 30 days from calving), and late postpartum (30 to 59 days from calving) periods. Milk production was recorded daily. The serum markers albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), phosphorus, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS®. The cases of clinical mastitis occurred on average at 37.2 ± 4.9 days postpartum. Health cows (CG) had higher milk production compared to the mastitis group (MG) only in the late postpartum period (P < 0.05). There was no difference among groups for albumin and NEFA concentrations in all periods evaluated (P > 0.05). In the early postpartum period the AST activity was higher in CG than in MG (P = 0.02). The GGT enzyme tended to be more concentrated in the CG than in the MG during the early (P = 0.06) and late (P = 0.08) postpartum periods. Late postpartum phosphorus concentration was lower for MG than CG (P = 0.04). In the prepartum and early postpartum periods, there was no difference among groups for phosphorus concentration (P > 0.05).Discussion: A decrease in milk production in MG compared to CG observed in late postpartum period was due to the inci­dence of mastitis observed around 37 days postpartum. Cows that presented clinical mastitis in the postpartum period did not differ in the blood concentration of NEFA in the prepartum period. In the late postpartum period higher concentration of phosphorus was observed in the CG than in MG, indicating that animals affected by mastitis may be in the weakest energy status. Regarding liver health, the concentration of AST was higher in the recent postpartum period for CG, in disagree­ment with previous studies that related AST to tissue injury caused by mastitis. The GGT enzyme tended to had higher concentrations in CG than MG during the whole postpartum period and may be related to increased hepatic metabolism due to higher production. There were no changes in albumin levels among healthy and mastitis cows, indicating that this marker can not be used to predict clinical mastitis. There were no metabolic alterations in the prepartum period related to the occurrence of postpartum mastitis in multiparous cows in a semi-extensive management system.Keywords: AST, dairy cows, NEFA.

scholarly journals The influence of the climatology of the semi-arid from Alagoas-Brazil on the raw milk microbiota

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ticiano Gomes do Nascimento ◽  
Euridice Farias Falcão ◽  
Maria Cristina Delgado da Silva ◽  
Josicleide Nascimento Oliveira Silvino ◽  
Pierre Barnabé Escodro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Semi Arid

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the climatology of the semi-arid from Alagoas-Brazil on the raw milk microbiota in semi-arid area of the 07 micro-regions of the State of Alagoas of Alagoas, Brazil. The climatic data were extracted from National Institute of Meteorology from the Brazilian government. The raw milk was collected after the dairy cow milking process in 12 small rural associations of the semi-arid from the State of Alagoas, during the 4 seasons and the raw milk was carried out procedures of sampling, transportation and microbiological analysis. A total of 58 samples were counted coliforms at 45°C, <em>Escherichia coli</em> and coagulase-positive <em>Staphylococcus</em>. Only 02 rural associations presented low levels of microbiological contamination, which were located in areas of climatic conditions and parameters of thermal comfort index and vegetation index favorable, but 10 rural associations presented high counting of coliforms at 45°C, <em>Escherichia coli</em>. The climatologic parameters (maximum temperature, atmospheric pressure), bovine comfort thermal index and vegetation index have showed to influence the growth of the coliforms at 45°C and <em>Escherichia coli</em> with high incidence during the summer weather. The precipitation parameter, bovine thermal comfort and vegetation index have displayed to influence coagulase-positive<em> Staphylococcus</em> counting especially during the period between the summer end and the autumn beginning seasons. New Actions, and Rural Education and Health Programs should be implemented as politics of Food Safety. New strategies and programs for dissemination more effective on the risks of transmission of pathogens and Foodborne Diseases are necessary as the part of emergence politics of the health and education areas. Regulatory Actions should be encouraged within the processes that improve the quality control of raw milk as well its bioproducts, with professional assistance relevant in agriculture area.

scholarly journals Effect of Natural Chinese Herbal Supplements (TCMF4) on Lactation Performance and Serum Biomarkers in Peripartal Dairy Cows

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhe Cui ◽  
Zhuorui Shan ◽  
Lintong Hou ◽  
Qiuju Wang ◽  
Juan J. Loor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lactation Performance

This study examined the effect of mixed medicinal herbs from China in the ground form on milk yield and various blood metabolites before and after parturition in Holstein cows. Crushed Agastache rugosus, Scutellaria barbata, Pericarpium citri reticulate, and Radix glycyrrhizae were used to develop TCMF4. Thirty-two Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into a control group or groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4/cow/d from −7 through 21 d relative to parturition. Blood samples for serum isolation were collected at −7, −1, 1, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition and used to measure glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), total protein, albumin, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase. Milk production was recorded daily for the first 21 d postpartum, and composition was analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 d. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisons. The average milk production during the first 21-d postpartum was 28.7 ± 6.9, 27.2 ± 7.1, 31.2 ± 6.8, and 38.5 ± 6.1 kg/d for control group and groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4. Thus, average daily milk production increased between 9 to 34% by supplementation with TCMF4 compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, in the middle dose group, milk concentrations of lactose and total protein decreased by 21 and 19%, respectively, at d 7 around parturition, while total solids increased by 23% at d 21 in the high-dose group. Furthermore, compared with the control group, serum BHBA decreased by 50 and 20% at d −1 and 21 around parturition in the high-dose group. Overall, TCMF4 supplementation improved dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production of dairy cows during the periparturient period without adverse effects on liver function, and plasma BHBA concentrations of dairy cows tended to decrease when dietary TCMF4 increased, which suggested that TCMF4 might be used as potential additives in dairy cows to improve production performance.

scholarly journals PSXI-1 Effects of mineral supplementation during summer on physiological variables and milk production in Holstein dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 389-389
Author(s):  
Andrea Dahnae del Rio-Aviles ◽  
Abelardo Correa-Calderon ◽  
Leonel Avendaño-Reyes ◽  
Milton G Thomas ◽  
R Mark Enns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Mineral Supplementation

Abstract Summer season in northwest Mexico is characterized by hot-humid weather conditions that lead to heat stress and affect physiological and productive performance of lactating Holstein cows. Mineral supplementation has been proposed as strategy to alleviate negative effects of heat stress in dairy cattle. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an injectable mineral supplement on physiological variables and milk production in Holstein cows managed during summer. Sixteen cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups: Mineral-treated (TRT; n = 8) or control (CON; n = 8). The TRT group received 3 injections of Fosfosan® (10 ml, i.m., Virbac, Uruguay), on days 0, 7 and 17, considering summer onset as day 0 (June 21st), whereas group CON was untreated. Physiological variables such as respiratory rate (RR), vaginal temperature (VT) and skin-surface temperature (SST), were registered twice a week (0500-1700 h) during 6 weeks. Ambient temperature and humidity were collected to calculate the daily temperature and humidity index (THI). Data were analyzed using a mixed model with repeated measures, which included fixed effects of treatment, time and treatment*time, and sire as random effect. According to the THI, Holstein cows were exposed to heat stress during the experiment (&gt;72 units). Cows in the TRT group showed higher (P &lt; 0.05) milk production than CON cows (17.93±0.47 vs 17.02±0.51 kg/day) and lower (P &lt; 0.01) VT (39.14±0.11 vs 39.46±0.15 °C). Relative to CON cows, treated cows also had lower RR (63.16±0.65 vs 64.47±0.76 breaths/min) and lower SST (33.75±0.15 vs 34.02±0.16 °C). All physiological variables showed a significant effect of time (P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, mineral supplementation during summer appears to improve physiological and productive performance in heat-stressed milking dairy cows; therefore, we suggest to consider this management as strategy to reduce negative effects of summer and heat stress on the dairy industry in northwest Mexico.

scholarly journals Fitting mathematical models to lactation curves from holstein cows in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abílio G.T. Ferreira ◽  
Douglas S. Henrique ◽  
Ricardo A.M. Vieira ◽  
Emilyn M. Maeda ◽  
Altair A. Valotto
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
The State ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Quality Of Fit ◽  
Wood Model

The objective of this study was to evaluate four mathematical models with regards to their fit to lactation curves of Holstein cows from herds raised in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. Initially, 42,281 milk production records from 2005 to 2011 were obtained from "Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa (APCBRH)". Data lacking dates of drying and total milk production at 305 days of lactation were excluded, resulting in a remaining 15,142 records corresponding to 2,441 Holstein cows. Data were sorted according to the parity order (ranging from one to six), and within each parity order the animals were divided into quartiles (Q25%, Q50%, Q75% and Q100%) corresponding to 305-day lactation yield. Within each parity order, for each quartile, four mathematical models were adjusted, two of which were predominantly empirical (Brody and Wood) whereas the other two presented more mechanistic characteristics (models Dijkstra and Pollott). The quality of fit was evaluated by the corrected Akaike information criterion. The Wood model showed the best fit in almost all evaluated situations and, therefore, may be considered as the most suitable model to describe, at least empirically, the lactation curves of Holstein cows raised in Southwestern Parana.

scholarly journals Re-emergence of Chorioptes bovis (Acari: Psoroptidae) in cattle in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Botelho Vieira ◽  
Tiago Bordin ◽  
Bruno Dall' Agnol ◽  
Fabiane Zanchin ◽  
Adriana Costa Da Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Healing Rate ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Ischiorectal Fossa ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Cure Rate

Here we describe an outbreak of chorioptic mange in cattle, 56 years after its first identification in Brazil. Between the months of June and July 2011, dermatitis characterized by alopecia and crusted and thickened skin at the insertion of the tail and in the ischiorectal fossa was recognized in 40 (35.7%) out of 112 Holstein cows on a farm in the northeastern mesoregion of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. After diagnosing mange caused by Chorioptes bovis, the cows were weighed and treated with 0.5% ivermectin, as a pour-on single dose, and were separated into two groups: cows in early lactation and those in late lactation. The survival rate of C. bovis and the healing rate in the two groups of infested cows were monitored every seven days through skin scrapings. After 28 days of evaluation, the cure rate through treatment was greater among cows in early lactation (p <0.0001). The survival rate of C. bovis was higher in cows in late lactation.

scholarly journals Effect of the claw disorders on production performance in dairy cattle

2016 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Michal Vlček ◽  
Radovan Kasarda
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Interdigital Dermatitis ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

The aim of the study was the influence of claw disorders on production traits in dairy cattle. Observed were claw traits as claw angle, claw length, heel index, claw height, claw diagonal and claw width. Right hind claw after functional trimming was evaluated. Occurrence of claw disorders like interdigital dermatitis and heel erosion (IDHE), digital dermatitis (DD) and sole ulcer (SV) as well as the progress of disease were observed. Basic summary and variation statistics was performed by the SAS software. Two herds were included in the study. Holstein dairy cows (n=101) produced 11 875 kg of milk, 468 kg (3.94%) of fat and 396 kg (3.34%) of proteins. Holstein cows were affected with IDHE in 22 cases, with DD in 6 cases and with sole ulcer in 10 cases. Slovak Simmental dairy cows (n=101) produced 5834 kg of milk, 258 kg (4.44%) of fat and 209 kg (3.59%) of proteins. Slovak Simmental cows were affected with IDHE in 8 cases, with DD in 5 cases and with sole ulcer in 19 cases. Observed was that claw disorders caused deviations of milk production.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature‑Humidity Relations During Years on Milk Production and Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Toušová ◽  
Jaromír Ducháček ◽  
Luděk Stádník ◽  
Martin Ptáček ◽  
Sylvana Pokorná
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this study was to evaluate influence of climatic conditions represented by daily air temperature and relative air humidity on indicators of Holstein cows’ milk quality and production. The first dataset represented individual milk production in day of milk performance recording (milk kg, fat %, protein %, and somatic cells count thous.*ml−1). The second dataset represented total daily milk characteristics of herd (milk kg, fat %, protein % and somatic cells count thous.*ml−1). A total of 654 Holstein cows were observed and evaluated. Both datasets were evaluated in relation to selected external influences (year, month, average daily air temperature, and average daily relatively air humidity). Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.3, and UNIVARIATE, REG and GLM procedure. Three groups of daily air temeperature (< 4.4 °C; 4.4 – 13.2 °C; > 13.2 °C), and daily relative air humidity (< 65.3 %; 65.3 – 80.4 %; > 80.4 %) were conducted for evaluation. Significant (P < 0.05) linear regressions were computed among daily air temperature and all milk production indicators, except of somatic cells count attribute. The highest individual daily milk production (35.94 kg, P < 0.01), and protein content (3.41 %, P < 0.01) were achieved with the highest average daily air temperature. Opposite results were observed for milk yield of herd as well as protein content. Average daily relative air humidity had lower influence on individual and bulk milk samples. The better results were achieved for both datasets (individual and bulk samples) in groups (65.3 – 80.4 %; > 80.4 %) of average daily relative air humidity. Obtained results point out importance of outdoor climatic parameters monitoring and preventive measures of climatic conditions in the stable.

Effect of feeding diet containing fish oil and canola oil from transition period on milk production and components of Holstein cows in early lactation

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 157-157
Author(s):  
T Vafa ◽  
A Naserian ◽  
A Heravi Moussavi ◽  
R Valizadeh ◽  
M Danesh Mesgaran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

There are too many physiological and nutritional factors which can influence lactation performance of early lactation Holstein dairy cows. Supplemental fat sources are utilized in rations for dairy cows as a common method to increase the energy density of the diet, especially in early lactation (Juchem et al., 2007). The fat sources also have a positive effect on milk fatty acid profile. Canola seed which contains 40% fat is an excellent source of dietary fat high in unsaturated fatty acids and protein for dairy animals. Canola oil contains 51% oleic, 25% linoleic, and 14% linolenic acids. Fish oil contains relatively high concentrations fatty acids of the n-3 family. It seems that feeding a blend of different oils will have more positive productive response than individual usage of them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding diets containing fish oil and canola oil starting from transition period on milk production and composition of early lactating Holstein cows.

scholarly journals A study of the incidence of milk fever in Jersey and Holstein cows at a dairy farm in Beatrice, Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Chiwome ◽  
Erick Kandiwa ◽  
Borden Mushonga ◽  
Shepherd Sajeni ◽  
Gervais Habarugira
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Jersey Cows

A 3-year prospective study investigated the incidence of milk fever in Jersey and Holstein cows at a commercial dairy farm in Beatrice, Zimbabwe. The overall incidence of milk fever at the farm was 7.98%. Incidence of milk fever in Jerseys (14.78%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in Holsteins (4.82%). Incidence of milk fever in Jerseys beyond their fourth parity (24.85%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in Jerseys in their second (5.90%), third (6.49%) and fourth (8.73%) parities. Incidence of milk fever in Holsteins beyond their fourth parity (8.29%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in Holsteins in their second (1.43%), third (1.82%) and fourth (2.91%) parities. No significant difference existed in milk fever incidences between the second, third and fourth parities in either Jersey or Holstein cows. Incidence of milk fever in Jersey cows producing over 6114 litres per 305-day lactation (27.07%) was significantly higher than that in Jerseys producing less than 6114 litres of milk per 305-day lactation (p < 0.05). Incidence of milk fever in Holsteins producing more than 9149 litres per 305-day lactation (10.49%) was significantly higher than that in Holsteins producing less than 9149 litres of milk per 305-day lactation (p < 0.05). No significant difference existed between incidences of milk fever between the first, second and third quartile producers (p > 0.05) in either Jersey or Holstein cows. This study confirms that the risk of developing milk fever is higher in Jerseys and also increases with increasing parity and higher levels of milk production in both breeds, thus advocating for special considerations when dairy cows fit these criteria.

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