scholarly journals Distribution and transmission of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) studied by faecal culture, serology and IS900 RFLP examinations

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 510-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kopecna ◽  
I. Parmova ◽  
L. Dvorska-Bartosova ◽  
M. Moravkova ◽  
V. Babak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Faecal Culture ◽  
Rflp Type

The objectives of this study were the determination of <I>Mycobacterium avium</I> subsp. <I>paratuberculosis</I> (MAP) distribution in organs of farmed red deer (<I>Cervus elaphus</I>) and the investigation of its vertical and horizontal spread among animals, using serology, cultivation and the standardized IS<I>900</I> RFLP method. During the three year of study, the production of antibodies for <I>MAP</I> increased from 0 in the first year to 7.7% (positive) and 0 to 88.5% (dubious) in the third year of the study. The first performed global culture examination of faecal samples from 28 animals was negative for <I>MAP</I>. In the three subsequent examinations of animals, the following positivity was found: 5.9%, 34.6%, and 36.8%, respectively. In the last year of the study, clinical signs such as diarrhoea were observed in four animals. The animals with clinical symptoms and those that were found to be infected with <I>MAP</I> by serology or faecal culture were euthanized. <I>MAP</I> was isolated from the intestinal tract and pulmonary lymph (tracheobronchial or mediastinal lymph nodes) nodes of all studied animals. Apart of this <I>MAP</I> was also isolated from reproductive organs, such as the mammary gland, milk, uterus, amniotic fluid and testicles. Application of the IS<I>900</I> RFLP method revealed that the prevailing <I>MAP</I> isolates were of RFLP type B-C1; this profile was found in all types of tissue samples as well as in faeces, milk and amniotic fluid. In five animals a mixed infection of two profiles B-C1 and B-C5 or B-C1 and B-C16 was detected.

scholarly journals A mixed infection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. a. hominissuis in one red deer (Cervus elaphus) studied by IS900 BstEII and IS1245 PvuII RFLP analyses: a case report

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moravkova ◽  
I. Trcka ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
I. Pavlik
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Chronic Diarrhoea ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Rflp Type

A mixed infection with <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (<i>MAP</i>) and <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>hominissuis</i> (<i>MAH</i>) in one naturally infected red deer stag from a game park is described. The animal was euthanized because of symptoms of poor condition, weight loss and chronic diarrhoea. In spite of that, pathological lesions were observed only in the mesenteric lymph nodes, which were five to ten times enlarged with confluent caseous granulomas of 1 to 10 mm in size. Mycobacteria were isolated from all studied samples: a mixed infection of <i>MAP</i> and <i>MAH</i> was confirmed by multiplex PCR for the detection of IS <i>900</i>, IS<i>901</i>1, IS<i>1245</i> and <i>dnaJ</i>. MAP</i> of the identical IS<i>900</i> <i>BstE</i>II RFLP type C1 was isolated from all tissue samples and faeces. <i>MAH</i> isolates were detected in six examined tissue samples, including three mesenteric lymph nodes with caseous granulomas. Only minor differences in the band numbers and position of four different IS<i>1245</i> <i>Pvu</i>II RFLP patterns of <i>MAH</i> isolates were found. It follows from these results that red deer may potentially be infected with <i>MAH</i>, when a <i>MAP</i> infection is under way.

scholarly journals Examination of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium distribution in naturally infected hens by culture and triplex quantitative real time PCR

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaevska ◽  
I. Slana ◽  
P. Kralik ◽  
I. Pavlik
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Conventional Culture

Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA) is the etiologic agent of avian tuberculosis, a chronic contagious disease described in a wide variety of domestic and wild bird species. The aims of this study were to assess the advantages of triplex quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) in comparison with culture testing for distribution of MAA in the organs of hens displaying varying degrees of clinical symptoms of the disease. From one small flock of ten hens and one cock with a history of weight loss, 98 tissue samples were examined in total. Pathological lesions were observed in six hens from which two were clinically ill. A total of 12 samples were positive by culture and 16 were positive by IS901 and IS1245 qPCR, confirming MAA infection. In conclusion, qPCR was a faster and more reliable alternative method in comparison with conventional culture analysis. Due to the detection of MAA in the muscle tissue of one hen, consumption of under cooked meat originating from infected fowl could pose a threat to immunosuppressed individuals.

scholarly journals No evidence that wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the Iberian Peninsula are a reservoir of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Carta ◽  
M.P. Martin-Hernando ◽  
M. Boadella ◽  
I.G. Fernández-de-Mera ◽  
A. Balseiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from wild red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) in Northern Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Galiero ◽  
Simone Leo ◽  
Chiara Garbarino ◽  
Norma Arrigoni ◽  
Simone Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

scholarly journals Sarcocystis spp. in red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and pudu (Pudu pudu) in southern Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 874-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Reyes Lobão-Tello ◽  
Enrique Paredes ◽  
María José Navarrete-Talloni
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
First Record ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp

ABSTRACT: Worldwinde, cervids are considered an important source of infection and dissemination of a wide variety of pathogens, both for farm animals and humans. Among this diseases is sarcosporidiosis, which is a parasitic disease caused by Sarcocystis spp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa). Most frequent clinical signs are hemolytic anemia, weakness, weight loss and decrease of growth and some species of Sarcocystis might cause abortions. The clinical disease in ruminants is fairly rare but the infection is very frequent. Infections are accumulative and the parasite does not generate immunity in any of the hosts. Ovine sarcosporidiosis is a serious issue in the some regions of Chile due to the macrocysts located in the muscle which means condemnation of the whole carcass. Sarcocystis spp. has been widely reported in red deer and other cervid species but in Chile the situation remains unknown. Nowadays there is little to no evidence of Sarcocystis in foreign deer in Chile and there is only one report of the parasite on pudu. The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the presence of Sarcocystis spp. in myocardium of red deer and fallow deer in Chile, and confirm the presence of Sarcocystis spp. in pudu. All cervid cases from 1994 to 2013 of the Institute of Animal Pathology of the Universidad Austral de Chile were reviewed. The animals selected were those in which a myocardium sample was taken. From the histopathological samples observed, it was found that 5 of the 9 red deer, 1 of the 4 fallow deer and in 11 of the 23 pudu there were Sarcocystis cysts in the myocardium. This study represents the first record for Chile of Sarcocystis spp. in myocardium of red deer and fallow deer. Stablishing the red deer, fallow deer and pudu as hosts of Sarcocystis aids to have a better understanding of the parasite epidemiology in Chile and the role of wild and captive cervids in the maintenance and spread of these parasites.

Rabbit anti-deer polyclonal antibody applied to the diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in red deer (Cervus elaphus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 106184
Author(s):  
Hernán Santiago Hermida ◽  
Silvia Colavecchia ◽  
Bárbara Fernández ◽  
Jorge Suhevic ◽  
Marcela Martinez Vivot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Effects of an aqueous extract of North American ginseng on MOG(35–55)-induced EAE in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Bowie ◽  
Wendi A. Roscoe ◽  
Ed M.K. Lui ◽  
Robin Smith ◽  
Stephen J. Karlik
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, in which the release of reactive oxygen species by infiltrating immune cells contributes to demyelination. American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius ) is a natural health product with numerous beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ginseng could influence the course of the disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. C57BL/6J mice were immunized with MOG(35–55) peptide to induce EAE. After clinical disease appeared, mice received either oral doses of an aqueous extract of ginseng (150 mg/kg body mass), or the vehicle. Clinical symptoms were recorded, and spinal cord tissue samples were analyzed for pathological signs of disease. The aqueous extract of ginseng significantly decreased (i) clinical signs of EAE, (ii) levels of circulating TNF-α, and (iii) central nervous system immunoreactive iNOS and demyelination scores, without a change in other neuropathological measures. This study shows that an aqueous extract of ginseng may be able to attenuate certain signs of EAE, suggesting that it may be a useful adjuvant therapy for MS.

scholarly journals The First Report of Elaphostrongylus cervi Infection in Two Imported Wapitis (Cervus canadensis) in Slovenia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Petra Bandelj ◽  
Polona Juntes ◽  
Gorazd Vengušt ◽  
Diana Žele Vengušt
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Cervus Canadensis ◽  
The Brain

This study describes two female wapitis (Cervus canadensis) with neurological signs associated with an Elaphostrongylus cervi (E. cervi) infection. The original host of the nematode parasite is the Eurasian red deer (Cervus elaphus), although other cervids and small ruminants may also be affected. The two wapitis imported from Canada were kept in an enclosure with the Slovenian red deer herd. After developing debilitating neurological signs, the wapitis were euthanized and examined for possible causes. A histopathological examination of the brain of the first wapiti revealed severe diffuse perivascular meningoencephalitis with chronic vasculitis, and some cross-sections of nematodes were found in the leptomeninges. A necropsy of the second wapiti revealed severe pachymeningitis and leptomeningitis, where several adult nematode parasites were found. E. cervi was confirmed by molecular methods. The prevalence of E. cervi in the European red deer population is high, but no study has been conducted to assess its prevalence in Slovenia. This was the first confirmation of E. cervi in Slovenia and the first infection with this parasite described in Europe in a wapiti. Elaphostrongylus cervi should also be considered as a differential diagnosis in Europe for all ruminants grazing on pastures frequented by red deer and showing neurological clinical signs.

The copper nutrition of grazing deer

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
N.D. Grace ◽  
P.R. Wilson ◽  
A.M. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Important Trace Element

The first deer farms were established in New Zealand about 30 years ago and much of the early deer research was focussed on general nutrition, infectious diseases, management and husbandry practices, while little attention was given to trace elements. Limited trace element studies have identified copper (Cu) as the most important trace element for deer in terms of observed clinical signs of deficiency, namely enzootic ataxia and osteochrondrosis, and their possible impact on animal performance (Wilson et al. 1979; Thompson et al. 1994). To ensure that the Cu status of deer is adequate, and to determine if a Cu supplementation strategy is necessary, it is important to understand the distribution, function and metabolism of Cu, as well as dietary Cu requirements and criteria to diagnosis Cu deficiency. Keywords: Cervus elaphus, copper, deficiency, dietary requirements, fertiliser, forage, red deer, supplementation strategies

scholarly journals Suspicion of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Transmission between Cattle and Wild-Living Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) by Multitarget Genotyping

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Fritsch ◽  
Gabriele Luyven ◽  
Heike Köhler ◽  
Walburga Lutz ◽  
Petra Möbius
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Cattle Herds

ABSTRACTMultitarget genotyping of the etiologic agentMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisis necessary for epidemiological tracing of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). The study was undertaken to assess the informative value of different typing techniques and individual genome markers by investigation ofM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosistransmission between wild-living red deer and farmed cattle with known shared habitats. Fifty-threeM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosistype II isolates were differentiated by short sequence repeat analysis (SSR; 4 loci), mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit–variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MIRU-VNTR; 8 loci), and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis based on IS900(IS900-RFLP) using BstEII and PstI digestion. Isolates originated from free-living red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Eifel National Park (n= 13), six cattle herds living in the area of this park (n= 23), and five cattle herds without any contact with these red deer (n= 17). Data based on individual herds and genotypes verified that SSR G2 repeats did not exhibit sufficient stability for epidemiological studies. Two common SSR profiles (without G2 repeats), nine MIRU-VNTR patterns, and nine IS900-RFLP patterns were detected, resulting in 17 genotypes when combined. A high genetic variability was found for red deer and cattle isolates within and outside Eifel National Park, but it was revealed only by combination of different typing techniques. Results imply that within this restricted area, wild-living and farmed animals maintain a reservoir for specificM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisgenotypes. No host relation of genotypes was obtained. Results suggested that four genotypes had been transmitted between and within species and that one genotype had been transmitted between cattle herds only. Use of multitarget genotyping forM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosistype II strains and sufficiently stable genetic markers is essential for reliable interpretations of epidemiological studies on paratuberculosis.

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