scholarly journals Flaxseed varieties: composition and influence on the growth of probiotic microorganisms in milk  

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smolová Jana ◽  
Němečková Irena ◽  
Klimešová Marcela ◽  
Švandrlík Zdeněk ◽  
Bjelková Marie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Ground Seed ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
High Level

The influence of flaxseed variety composition on probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lb. helveticus, Bifidobacterium sp.) was determined. The varieties were added into milk in four forms: whole seed, ground seed, meal, and oil. The fermentation of all samples was performed under the same conditions (37°C, 18 h) and then the count of probiotics and the concentration of formed organic acids were determined. The flaxseed meal does not seem to have any significant prebiotic effect. However, our results suggest that the flaxseed oil from varieties with a high level of ALA could improve bacterial survival in milk during storage at 4°C under acidic pH.

scholarly journals Selecting squash (Cucurbita sp.) introductions by seed nutritional quality and seed meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Sanín Ortiz-Grisales ◽  
Magda-Piedad Valdés-Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Whole Seed

Squash (Cucurbita sp.) is widely used in Colombia as both food and animal feed. However, its seeds are discarded. This study  aimed to identify squash genotypes with a high nutritional value in the whole seed meal (WSM) and defatted seed meal (DSM) within a group of 19 introductions (14 of Cucurbita moschata and 5 of C. sororia). For WSM, 70% of the introductions presented above-average values for extract (36.9%) and crude protein (26.34%); the fiber values were 20.34% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 13% acid detergent fiber (ADF). For DSM, 57% of the introductions presented above-average crude protein (43.5%) and 52% above-average crude energy values (4078 cal g-1).  Based on the relative feed value (RFV), introductions 1229, 1200, 1201, 1219 and 1206 were selected for WSM, and 1206 1229, 932, 1200, 786 and 954 were selected for DSM. In the selected C. moschata introductions, parents with general and specific combining abilities for ether extract and crude protein in WSM or high RFV in DSM should be identified. C. soraria introductions 1202 and 954 should be used in crosses that aim to obtain F2 segregants for seeds with a high oil content and high RFV in DSM.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureusUses the GraXRS Regulatory System To Sense and Adapt to the Acidified Phagolysosome in Macrophages

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Flannagan ◽  
Robert C. Kuiack ◽  
Martin J. McGavin ◽  
David E. Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensor Kinase ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTMacrophages are critical to innate immunity due to their ability to phagocytose bacteria. The macrophage phagolysosome is a highly acidic organelle with potent antimicrobial properties, yet remarkably, ingestedStaphylococcus aureusreplicates within this niche. Herein we demonstrate thatS. aureusrequires the GraXRS regulatory system for growth within this niche, while the SaeRS and AgrAC two-component regulatory systems and the α-phenol soluble modulins are dispensable. Importantly, we find that it is exposure to acidic pH that is required for optimal growth ofS. aureusinside fully acidified macrophage phagolysosomes. Exposure ofS. aureusto acidic pH evokes GraS signaling, which in turn elicits an adaptive response that endows the bacteria with increased resistance to antimicrobial effectors, such as antimicrobial peptides, encountered inside macrophage phagolysosomes. Notably, pH-dependent induction of antimicrobial peptide resistance inS. aureusrequires the GraS sensor kinase. GraS and MprF, a member of the GraS regulon, play an important role for bacterial survival in the acute stages of systemic infection, where in murine models of infection,S. aureusresides within liver-resident Kupffer cells. We conclude that GraXRS represents a vital regulatory system that functions to allowS. aureusto evade killing, prior to commencement of replication, within host antibacterial immune cells.IMPORTANCES. aureuscan infect any site of the body, including the microbicidal phagolysosome of the macrophage. The ability ofS. aureusto infect diverse niches necessitates that the bacteria be highly adaptable. Here we show thatS. aureusresponds to phagolysosome acidification to evoke changes in gene expression that enable the bacteria to resist phagolysosomal killing and to promote replication. Toxin production is dispensable for this response; however, the bacteria require the sensor kinase GraS, which transduces signals in response to acidic pH. GraS is necessary for phagolysosomal replication and survival ofS. aureusin the acute stage of systemic infection. Disruption of thisS. aureusadaptation would renderS. aureussusceptible to phagocyte restriction.

Effect of Steroidal Saponins from Fructus tribuli on Growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
He Chen ◽  
Man Hu ◽  
Guo Wei Shu ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
Jiang Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Steroidal Saponins ◽  
Nutrient Supplement ◽  
High Level

Effect of steroidal saponins fromFructus tribuli on growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01, BB03 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA09 was studied by measuring optical density at 600nm (OD600) and pH using MRS media as the control. The concentration of steroidal saponins (w/v) added in was 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%. Results were as follows: addition of steroidal saponins could improve the buffer ability of MRS and promote the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 and BB03. The optimum concentration of nutrient supplement in MRS media was 0.20% at incubation 24h for Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 and 0.25% at incubation 24h for Bifidobacterium bifidum BB03. Addition of steroidal saponins on Lactobacillus acidophilus LA09 didn’t play an obvious role in promoting growth when it was in high level.

scholarly journals Composición química de la madera de Cedrela odorataL. y su relación con las propiedades químicas del suelo de la parroquia Zumba provincia de Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Yadira Abad-Cordero ◽  
◽  
Nohemi del Carmen Jumbo- Benitez ◽  
Paulina Vanesa Fernandez-Guarnizo ◽  
Julia Beatriz González- Rogel, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The research had the objective of determining the chemical composition of the wood o f Cedrela odorataL. and its relationship with the chemical properties of the soil in a forest ecosystem; for this purpose, five trees were taken as samples, from which a branch of one meter long of 10 to 20 centimeters in diameter was obtained and the analyses of ash, extracts, lignin and holocellulose of each sample were carrie d o ut; th e analysis of the level of pH, phosphorus and nitrogen of the soil was made. For statistical analysis, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used with the Dunn test, and a bivariate correlation of Spearman was applied. In general, it was obtained that the holocellulose (62,97 %), is the most abundant component, followed by lignin (30,15 %) and with a lower percentage the content of extractable (5,64) and Ashes (1,24 % ). Th e soil where the individuals grew is very acidic (pH of4,70) with a medium p h os p ho rus level (33,74 ppm), and a high level of nitrogen (165,24 ppm). The relationship betw ee n the chemical properties of the wood and each of the chemical properties of the soil resulted in four relationships, two positive (phosphorus -lignin with a s ign if ic a n c e o f 0.1 and nitrogen -holocellulose with a significance = 0,01) and two negative (p H -a s h with a significance of 0,01 and nitrogen -lignin with a significance value of 0,04). Key words: Chemical composition, wood, Cedrela odorata

scholarly journals Mechanism of Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants Against Aluminum Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Robiatul Adawiyah ◽  
Musadia Afa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Mineral Acid ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
High Level

Aluminum (Al 3+) is rhizotoxic ions in the soil (mineral) acid. Al activities increases with increasing soil acidity, below pH 5.5 the solubility of Al 3+ cations will increase. High level of soluble can cause interference with metabolic processes and plant physiology. Cumulatively, the physiology of metabolic disorders and initially looked at the root system. The tip of the root and lateral roots become thickened and hair and roots become lower, causing a decrease in root length and root tissue enlargement thus inhibiting the growth of roots, the absorption of nutrients and water, will further lower the growth, production and productivity of crops. Although Al disrupt metabolism and suppress the growth of the plant, until a certain threshold of adverse effects in Al still be tolerated, depending on the type of plant and the level of activity of Al. Tolerance of crops to Al can be expressed through two mechanisms, namely: external tolerance mechanism and internal tolerance mechanism. The main difference between the two mechanisms is in the area of detoxification Al whether in symplast (internal) or apoplast (exclusion). The ability of plants to be able to adapt to drought stress Al, depends on the ability of plants to produce organic acid in an amount sufficient for eliminating the toxic influence of stress Al. Root exudates of plants capable of producing such an organic acid that plays an important role in adaptation strategies. The high production of organic acids is associated with the formation of specific enzymes, as a response to stress Al. Allegedly the sensitive strain, the synthesis of organic acids is not adequate to chelate Al

scholarly journals Evolution of Antibiotic Tolerance Shapes Resistance Development in Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Santi ◽  
Pablo Manfredi ◽  
Enea Maffei ◽  
Adrian Egli ◽  
Urs Jenal
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Tolerance ◽  
Antibiotic Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe widespread use of antibiotics promotes the evolution and dissemination of resistance and tolerance mechanisms. To assess the relevance of tolerance and its implications for resistance development, we used in vitro evolution and analyzed inpatient microevolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important human pathogen causing acute and chronic infections. We show that the development of tolerance precedes and promotes the acquisition of resistance in vitro and we present evidence that similar processes shape antibiotic exposure in human patients. Our data suggest that during chronic infections, P. aeruginosa first acquires moderate drug tolerance before following distinct evolutionary trajectories that lead to high-level multi-drug tolerance or to antibiotic resistance. Our studies propose that the development of antibiotic tolerance predisposes bacteria for the acquisition of resistance at early stages of infection and that both mechanisms independently promote bacterial survival during antibiotic treatment at later stages of chronic infections.

scholarly journals Protein Nutritional Value of Ground Okra Seed in Rat Feeding Trials

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
P. A. Savello ◽  
F. W. Martin ◽  
J. M. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Ground Seed ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Retarded Growth ◽  
Feeding Trials

The relative protein nutritional value of okra seed protein was estimated by protein efficiency ratio and relative protein value assays with growing rats. The form in which okra seed meal was presented in the diet influenced the amount that was eaten, and, hence protein efficiency ratio, but relative protein value compensates for this difference. Freshly ground okra seed retarded growth of rats but heating the ground seed meal or aging it up to 4 weeks after grinding reduced or eliminated this inhibition. The relative protein value of heated or aged ground okra seed is 70% of a casein control. The relative protein value of okra seed protein compares favorably to that of other proteins from seeds.

scholarly journals Various novel colistin resistance mechanisms interact to facilitate adaptation of Aeromonas hydrophila to complex colistin environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqi Liu ◽  
Gang Xiao ◽  
Wangping Zhou ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Component System ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Two Component ◽  
High Level

Aeromonas hydrophila, a heterotrophic and Gram-negative bacterium, has attracted considerable attention owing to the increasing prevalence of reported infections. Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic that can treat life-threatening infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. However, the mechanisms underlying colistin resistance in A. hydrophila remain unclear. The present study reveals four novel colistin resistance mechanisms in A. hydrophila: (i) EnvZ/OmpR upregulates the expression of the arnBCADTEF operon to mediate LPS modification by 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose; (ii) EnvZ/OmpR regulates the expression of the autotransporter gene3832 to decrease outer membrane permeability in response to colistin; (iii) deletion of envZ/ompR activates PhoP/PhoQ, which functions as a substitute two-component system to mediate the addition of phosphoethanolamine to lipid A via pmrC; and (iv) the mlaFD173A mutant confers high-level colistin resistance via upregulation of the Mla pathway. The EnvZ/OmpR two-component system-mediated resistance mechanism is the leading form of colistin resistance in A. hydrophila, which enables it to rapidly generate low- to medium-level colistin resistance. As colistin concentrations in the environment continue to rise, antibiotic resistance mediated by EnvZ/OmpR becomes insufficient to ensure bacterial survival. Consequently, A. hydrophila has developed a mlaF mutation that results in high-level colistin resistance. Our findings indicate that A. hydrophila can thrive in a complex environment through various colistin resistance mechanisms.

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