scholarly journals The influence of selected cultivation on the content of total protein and amino acids in the potato tubers

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mitrus ◽  
C. Stankiewicz ◽  
E. Steć ◽  
M. Kamecki ◽  
J. Starczewski

The aim of study was to determine the effect of selected cultivation operations, such as nitrogenous fertilization (60,90 kgN/ha), row spacing (62, 82,102 cm), compaction of soil with wheels of farm aggregates (the numbers of passing 2×, 5×, 8×), on quality changes of two potato varieties (Irga and Ekra). The total protein content in the tubers of the tested potato varieties increased with the increase of the nitrogenous fertilization (90 kgN/ha). Genotype features of the tested potato tubers define the amino acid limiting the protein biological value (CS) to be leucine in Irga variety and isoleucine in Ekra variety. It is also genotype that influences the second limiting amino acid. It is the sum of sulphuric amino acids (Cys + Met) in respect to Irga variety and valine in respect to Ekra variety. The dose of90 kgN/ha decreases the protein biological value (EAAI) of the tubers of Ekra variety, which is high in starch.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Skibniewska ◽  
J. Zakrzewski ◽  
J. Kłobukowski ◽  
H. Białowiąs ◽  
B. Mickowska ◽  
...  

The nutritional value of the protein of carp from breeding technologies currently employed in Poland (semi-extensive, low-intensive and high-intensive ones) was evaluated. The total protein content was from 16.9% to 18.6% and did not diverge from the content of this nutrient in other fish species. The protein of the studied carps was characterised by a high content of exogenous amino acids, considerably exceeding their amount compared to the standard protein, irrespective of the area of breeding or the production intensity level. The dominant amino acids were histidine, methionine, and cysteine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, lysine and threonine. The amino acid limiting the nutritional value of protein was valine, yet the values of calculated limiting amino acid indices were high. Carp meat should be treated as a source of full-value protein.  


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Nicola Landi ◽  
Sara Ragucci ◽  
Antimo Di Maro

Cow, sheep and goat raw milk raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola territories (‘Alto Casertano’, Italy) were characterized (raw proteins, free and total amino acids content) to assess milk quality. Raw milk with the highest total protein content is sheep milk followed by goat and cow milk from both localities. Total amino acid content in cow, goat and sheep raw milk is 4.58, 4.81 and 6.62 g per 100 g, respectively, in which the most abundant amino acid is glutamic acid (~20.36 g per 100 g of proteins). Vice versa, the free amino acids content characteristic profiles are different for each species. In particular, the most abundant free amino acid in cow, sheep and goat raw milk is glutamic acid (9.07 mg per 100 g), tyrosine (4.72 mg per 100 g) and glycine (4.54 mg per 100 g), respectively. In addition, goat raw milk is a source of taurine (14.92 mg per 100 g), retrieved in low amount in cow (1.38 mg per 100 g) and sheep (2.10 mg per 100 g) raw milk. Overall, raw milk from ‘Alto Casertano’ show a high total protein content and are a good source of essential amino acids.


Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. Pomorova ◽  
◽  
D.V. Beskorovainy ◽  
V.V. Pyatovsky ◽  
Yu.M. Serova ◽  
...  

The seeds of early-ripening sunflower variety Skormas of the 2016-2018 years of cultivation became the material for the research. The article presents the results of oil content, total protein content, and analysis of amino acid composition. We conducted the research in the protein laboratory of the department of biological research of V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The protein content in the seeds of variety Skormas in different 40 growth seasons varied from 19.00 to 23.58 g, the coefficient of variation was C = 10.76 %. We established a strong inverse relation between oil content and protein content – r= -0.99. The meteorological conditions influenced the total protein content and oil content of the variety in different years of cultivation. Thus, with the hydrothermal coefficient (HC) equal to 1.2 in the growth season of 2016, the protein content in the seeds was 21.61 g, and with the HC equal to 0.6 of 2017, characterized as arid, it was 23.58 g. The protein content inversely correlates with the moisture supply of plants – r= -0.94. In years with insufficient soil moistening, sunflower seeds accumulate less oil and more protein. We identified the largest amount of the essential amino acids, 25.74 g/100g, in the seeds of variety Skormas, grown in 2018. The number of non-essential amino acids of 2016 and 2018 turned out to be nearly at the same level – 47.98 and 47.19 g/100g. Despite the differences in the total protein content, the amino acid composition of the seeds of the variety is fairly stable in the different growth seasons. The protein of seeds of the variety Skormas contains a large amount of glutamic acid – 16.46 g/100g and aspartic acid – 7.55 g/100g. In course of three years, their amount turned out to be stable. The coefficient of variation of these acids was С = 2.14 % and С = 2.40 %, respectively. The average content of the essential amino acid lysine for the same period was 2.42 g/100g with the coefficient of variation С = 12.14 %. The non-essential amino acids tyrosine and cysteine were at the level of 1.74 g/100g and 0.54 g/100g with the coefficient of variation С = 13.59 % and С = 16.32 %.


1952 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Henry ◽  
S. K. Kon

1. It has been shown that the biological value of undeteriorated dried skim milk is depressed to the same extent by the addition of 1·25% L-lysine as by the addition of 1·25% D-lysine. The latter is not used by the rat. It is therefore concluded that the added L-lysine is surplus to the animal's needs and that the apparent lowering of the biological value is due to excretion of the lysine in the urine.2. The slightly greater loss in the biological value of milk stored in air-pack compared with gas-pack was eliminated by the addition of 0·5% L-histidine to the former. Histidine is not a limiting amino-acid in the control or stored gas-pack milks for either young or adult rats.3. A lower biological value was found for the control milk with adult than with young rats at 4 and 8% levels of intake. No further lowering in the biological value of the stored milk, deficient in lysine, was observed with adult rats, the value obtained for this milk being independent of the age of the rat. These results are in keeping with the known lowered requirements of the adult rat for lysine.4. The significance of these findings in relation to the known amino-acid requirements of young and adult rats is discussed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vopálenský ◽  
P. Suchý ◽  
E. Straková ◽  
F. Šimek ◽  
M. Macháček ◽  
...  

Ten clinically healthy bulls equal in weight were chosen from eight meat cattle breeds maintained in the same geographical conditions using the extensive grazing method. After slaughtering, muscle tissue samples were taken from the musculus longissimus and pars thoracis, and dry matter, nitrogenous substances, fat, and the levels of essential (EAAs) and non-essential (NEAAs) amino acids were determined. Significant differences were found between the monitored genotypes in the contents of dry matter, nitrogenous substances, fat, EAAs, and NEAAs (P ≤ 0.05). The highest concentrations of nitrogenous substances in muscle tissue were detected in the Limousine breed and the lowest in the Aberdeen Angus breed; the highest fat content was found in Aberdeen Angus and the lowest in Galloway. Out of the total sum of EAAs, the highest percentage in the dry matter of muscle tissue in all genotypes was found for Lys (8.8–10.4%), the lowest percentage was found for Met (2.4–2.9%). The value of Thr was approximately 4.6, Val 5.1, Ile 4.8, Leu 8.2, Phe 4.1, His 4.2, and Arg 8.0%. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the monitored breeds were found in all EAAs, except for Val and Leu. Regarding NEAAs, out of the total protein, the highest percentage was found for Glu (13.9–15.1%). Conversely, the lowest values were detected for Ser (3.8–4.1%) and Tyr (3.8–4.4%). The values of other NEAAs were approximately 9.3 for Asp, 4.0 for Ser, 5.3 for Pro, 5.5 for Gly, and 6.1% for Ala. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between the monitored genotypes in all NEAAs except for Pro and Ala. In the dry matter of muscle tissue, out of the total protein, the sum of EAAs ranged from 50.6 (Meat Simmental) to 52.0% (Limousine), and NEAAs ranged from 48.0 (Limousine) to 49.4% (Meat Simmental). Apart from its effect on the biological value of meat, representation of individual amino acids is important to enhance its taste or smell.


2021 ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
Полина Владимировна Сергеева ◽  
Юлия Владимировна Николаева ◽  
Вероника Владимировна Тарасова

На данный момент наблюдается повышение интереса потребителей к вегетарианской продукции. Основными причинами отказа от мясной продукции могут быть этические и экологические соображения, религиозные взгляды, состояние здоровья. В связи с ростом интереса потребителей к вегетарианской продукции создание колбасы на основе растительного сырья является актуальным и значимым. В данной работе приведены этапы исследования на возможность использования изолята и концентрата соевого белка как аналога для замены мясного сырья в колбасе, имеющего высокую биологическую ценность и аналогичные реологические качества. Рассмотрено содержание общего белка и аминокислот в соевых высокобелковых продуктах, благодаря чему удалось выявить, что оба образца в своем составе имеют большое содержание белка, а также всех аминокислот, включая незаменимые, содержащиеся в мясе. Опытным путем были изучены функциональные качества изолята и концентрата соевого белка, такие как гелеобразующая способность, гидратация, растворимость, вязкость водных растворов в различных концентрациях и при различной температуре. Благодаря проведенным исследованиям удалось выявить, что изолят соевого белка более предпочтителен для разработки вегетарианской колбасы. Изолят соевого белка превосходит соевый концентрат по содержанию общего белка, что повышает его биологическую ценность. Соевый изолят проявил большую способность к гелеобразованию, гидратации, а также к образованию вязких растворов, что способствует формированию лучших реологических качеств, облегчит технологический процесс при приготовлении, а также обеспечит меньше потерь при термической обработке и хранении. Помимо этого, было выявлено, что изолят соевого белка обладает более нейтральным вкусом и запахом, что облегчит формирование желаемых органолептических качеств у вегетарианской колбасы. At the moment, there is an increase in consumer interest in vegetarian products. Ethical and environmental considerations, religious beliefs, and health conditions can be the main reasons for avoiding meat products. In connection with the growing interest of consumers in vegetarian products, the creation of sausages based on vegetable raw materials is relevant and significant. In this work, studies have been carried out on the possibility of using soy protein isolate and concentrate as an analogue for replacing raw meat in sausage, which has a high biological value and similar rheological qualities. The content of total protein and amino acids in high-protein soy products was considered, due to which it was possible to reveal that both samples in their composition have a high content of protein, as well as all amino acids, including essential ones, contained in meat. The functional qualities of soy protein isolate and concentrate, such as gelling ability, hydration, solubility, viscosity of aqueous solutions in various concentrations and at different temperatures, were experimentally studied. Studies have shown that soy protein isolate is more preferable for the development of vegetarian sausages. Soy Protein Isolate is superior to soy concentrate in total protein content, which increases its biological value. Soy isolate has shown a great ability to gel formation, hydration, and the formation of viscous solutions, which contributes to the formation of better rheological properties, facilitates the technological process during preparation, and also provides less losses during heat treatment and storage. In addition, soy protein isolate has been found to be more neutral in taste and odor, which will facilitate the development of desirable organoleptic qualities in vegetarian sausage.


1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1956
Author(s):  
Rogers A. D. Jones ◽  
Pearl Weinberger

Vernalization has a negligible effect on the total protein content of spring and winter grains. However, large increases in the total alcohol-soluble amino acid and amide fractions were observed. The proportional distribution of amino acids and amides varied both between grain parts and between spring and winter wheats.Three bases of computing the amino acid and amide data were used in all cases, i.e. protein, dry weight, or grain part. Apparent differences in the magnitude of change with vernalization were dependent upon the base from which the data was calculated. This study indicates that data expressed on a dry weight basis alone may lead to an erroneous picture of metabolic change.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1773
Author(s):  
Andrea Fuso ◽  
Silvia Barbi ◽  
Laura Ioana Macavei ◽  
Anna Valentina Luparelli ◽  
Lara Maistrello ◽  
...  

Insects are becoming increasingly relevant as protein sources in food and feed. The Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is one of the most utilized, thanks to its ability to live on many leftovers. Vegetable processing industries produce huge amounts of by-products, and it is important to efficiently rear BSF on different substrates to assure an economical advantage in bioconversion and to overcome the seasonality of some leftovers. This work evaluated how different substrates affect the protein and amino acid content of BSF. BSF prepupae reared on different substrates showed total protein content varying between 35% and 49% on dry matter. Significant lower protein contents were detected in BSF grown on fruit by-products, while higher contents were observed when autumnal leftovers were employed. BSF protein content was mainly correlated to fibre and protein content in the diet. Among amino acids, lysine, valine and leucine were most affected by the diet. Essential amino acids satisfied the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) requirements for human nutrition, except for lysine in few cases. BSF could be a flexible tool to bio-convert a wide range of vegetable by-products of different seasonality in a high-quality protein-rich biomass, even if significant differences in the protein fraction were observed according to the rearing substrate.


Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
N. V. Linovskaya ◽  
E. V. Mazukabzova ◽  
O. S. Rudenko ◽  
T. V. Savenkova

Milk chocolate is particularly popular with different age groups. It is characterized by low protein content with a large amount of fats and carbohydrates determining the food imbalance of the product. In conditions of high-grade animal proteins deficiency the selection of high-quality protein-containing ingredients for food production is very relevant. The aim of this work is to study the protein adequacy of various components of milk chocolate to enhance its biological value. The amino acid scale method has been used to assess the biological value of proteins; it is based on the determination of amino acid (chemical) score. It has been found that the limiting biological value amino acid for classical white raw ingredients of milk chocolate (cocoa products and milk powder) is methionine + cysteine. For constructing chocolate formulas with increased biological value it is advisable to use protein-containing raw materials (whey protein concentrate, oat flour, etc.) to compensate for the limiting amino acids. The indicator of amino acids utilitarianity of proteins of raw milk chocolate components has been calculated. On the basis of the utilitarian index we have established the coefficient of utilitarian of the amino acid composition of the raw materials characterizing essential amino acids' balance. We have determined the biological value of protein and the amino acid composition imbalance coefficient. It has been found that the amino acid composition of milk and whey protein concentrates is most balanced compared to the amino acid composition of traditional protein-containing raw components of milk chocolate. The limiting acid of whey protein concentrate is valine, which makes its use in the manufacture of chocolate products more attractive compared to milk protein concentrate (the limiting amino acid is methionine + cysteine). In the group of vegetable non-conventional raw materials oat and buckwheat flour are characterized by the best indicators of biological value. The amino acid adequacy of oat flour is comparable to the qualitative protein indicators of cocoa products, the limiting amino acid is lysine. Buckwheat flour is characterized by the smallest imbalance in amino acid composition, which distinguishes the proteins of this raw material with the highest degree of digestibility compared with the proteins of all the studied protein-containing components of milk chocolate.


2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 1114-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Jun Li ◽  
Shun Sheng Chen ◽  
Wei Qiang Qiu

The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the nutritional value of amino acids and its commercial value in the fish processing sector in Antarctic krill with cross-referenced in the white shrimp. For determination of the composition of 17 amino acids in the two shrimp muscle, free amino acids were measured using sulfosalicylic acid method, hydrolysed amino acid using hydrochloric acid hydrolysis.17 kinds of hydrolysed amino acids are measured in the muscle of Antarctic krill and White shrimp, which total content is 513.59±18.56mg/g and 537.61±16.8mg/g respectively.16 kinds of free amino acids are measured, which total content is 616.88±44.61mg/100g and 1276±75.67mg/100g respectively, while cysteine is not found. According to amino acid score (AAS), chemical score (CS), the limiting amino acid of Antarctic krill and White shrimp is valine and methionine + cysteine. The umani amino acids accounted for 27.76% of free amino acids and 35.69% of hydrolysed amino acids in Antarctic krill, while White shrimp is 41.08% and 31.52% respectively. The amino acids in Antarctic krill, TAV of which is greater than 1, include glutamic acid, alanine, lysine and arginine.


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