Competitiveness of Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation strain for soybean nodule occupancy

The competitiveness of Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation strain against indigenous rhizobia was examined in a soil pot experiment. The effect of inoculation strain was evaluated under different soil conditions: with or without previously grown soybean and applied commercial inoculant. Molecular identification of inoculation strain and investigated rhizobial isolates, obtained from nodules representing inoculated treatments, was performed based on 16S rDNA and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequencing. Inoculation strain showed a significant effect on the investigated parameters in both soils. Higher nodule occupancy (45% vs. 18%), nodule number (111% vs. 5%), nodule dry weight (49% vs. 9%), shoot length (15% vs. 7%), root length (31% vs. 13%), shoot dry weight (34% vs. 11%), shoot nitrogen content (27% vs. 2%), and nodule nitrogen content (9% vs. 5%) was detected in soil without previously grown soybean and applied commercial inoculant. Soil had a significant effect on the shoot, root and nodule nitrogen content, while interaction of experimental factors significantly altered dry weight and nitrogen content of shoots, roots and nodules, as well as number of nodules. Nodulation parameters were significantly related with shoot dry weight, shoot and nodule nitrogen content. Symbiotic performance of inoculation strains in the field could be improved through co-selection for their competitiveness and effectiveness.

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Nodule efficiency of three soybean genotypes inoculated by different methods

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4380-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 356-360

Author(s):

V. Milić ◽

N. Mrkovački ◽

M. Popović ◽

Đ. Malenčić

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogen Assimilation ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Nr Activity

The objective of the study was to investigate how the inoculation of soybean seed (variety Afrodita, and lines NS-L-2016 and NS-L-300168) with strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (1, 1a, 2b), Azotobacter chroococcum (3, 13, 14), and GA3 (gibberellic acid) affected plant dry weight, nitrogen content of nodules and whole plant, the enzymes of nitrogen assimilation (NR, GS) and soluble protein content. The highest dry matter mass and nitrogen content were found in the variety Afrodita, followed by line NS-L-300168. The GS and NR activity was increased significantly by all three inoculation treatments relative to the control. In all three genotypes, the highest values for the enzymatic activity were achieved with treatment mixture of B. japonicum and A. chroococcum strains. Each measurement was performed with three replications. The results were processed using variance analysis and the values were tested with the LSD at 5%.

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Effect of weed management on weeds, and on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, growth and yield of pea (Pisum sativum)

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.54.2006.4.9 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 469-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. Singh ◽

D. Wright

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Weed Management ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

N Content ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

Effects of one pre-emergence herbicide (terbutryn/terbuthylazine) and one post-emergence herbicide (bentazone) along with unweeded and hand-weeded controls on weeds and on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, nitrogen content, growth and yield of pea (Pisum sativum) were studied. Terbutryn/terbuthylazine was applied pre-emergence @ 1.40, 2.80 and 5.60 kg/hawhereas bentazone was sprayed 6 weeks after sowing @ 1.44, 2.88 and 5.76 kg/h. Terbutryn/terbuthylazine controlled all the weeds very effectively, whereas bentazone did not control some weeds such as Polygonum aviculare, Poa annua and Elymus repens. The herbicides decreased the number of nodules, the dry weight of nodules, the nitrogenase activity, the shoot dry weight, the nitrogen content in the straw and seeds, and the seed yield of peas, the effects generally being higher at higher rates of application. The adverse effects of herbicides on these parameters might be due to their effects on plant growth, as both the herbicides are known to adversely affect photosynthesis. Nitrogenase activity did not correlate well with plant-N content or shoot dry weight. However, there was a strong relationship between plant biomass and plant-N content, which suggests that researchers can rely on these parameters for studying the effects of treatments on nitrogen fixation, rather than measuring nitrogenase activity.

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Interaction of Mesorhizobia, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and different Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Nitrogen Fixing and Yield Attributing traits

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v40i04.9005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Minakshi Kalkal ◽

Krishan Kumar ◽

Radhey Sham Waldia ◽

Surjit Singh Dudeja

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular ◽

Uninoculated Control

Twenty genotypes of chickpea were evaluated to study the interaction of chickpea genotypes, mesorhizobial strains and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza for 14 nitrogen fixing and yield attributing traits viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), number of nodules per plant, nodule weight per plant (g), root dry weight per plant (g), shoot dry weight per plant (g), nitrogen content in shoot (%), nitrogen content in grain (%) and VAM infection(%). The analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant amount of genetic variability in the material for all the traits. All the genotypes were treated with three treatments separately (Mesorhizobium sp. Strain CH 1233 (S1); Mesorhizobium sp. Strain CH 810 (S2); vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) (Glomus fasiculatum) and one set was used as uninoculated control. These were grown separately following randomized block design with three replications in each treatment. Comparative analysis indicated the differences between the treatments and behaviour of the genotypes in different environments. In general S1 and VAM showed beneficial interaction for maximum number of traits for all the genotypes. The effect of VAM was the most apparent among treatments. On overall basis, genotypes viz. HC 3, HC 5, GL 94022, ICC 5003LN, HK 2, GNG 663 and BG 362 were observed to be better performing and responsive to bio inoculants having one or more superior traits. These genotypes performing better for specific traits can be used as parents in hybridization programme for improvement of that particular trait.

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Response of Nicotiana alata to Insertion of an Autoregulated Senescence- inhibition Gene

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.126.5.523 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 126 (5) ◽

pp. 523-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽

Dennis P. Stimart ◽

Erik V. Nordheim

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Biological Study ◽

Nicotiana Alata ◽

Isopentenyl Transferase ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

New Information ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Selection For ◽

Senesced Leaves

Nicotiana alata Link and Otto (Jasmine tobacco) was transformed with an autoregulated senescence-inhibition gene construct PSAG12-IPT encoding isopentenyl transferase via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transformation was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Transgenic plants exhibited up to 2- to 4-fold fewer senesced leaves, 29% longer in situ flower life, 26% more shoot dry weight, and a 32% to 50% reduction in flowers per branch. Additionally, transgenics were 28% shorter and had up to 174% more branches, indicative of cytokinin overproduction and a lack of tight autoregulation of PSAG12-IPT. Variation among independent transgenics suggests selection for enhanced PSAG12-IPT is feasible. Our observations of increased branching and in situ flower longevity, as well as reduced plant height and flowers per branch provide new information on PSAG12-IPT and its potential value for biological study and horticultural application.

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EFEKTIVITAS STRAIN BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM YANG DIISOLASI DARI BEBERAPA LOKASI DI ENDE TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN NODUL DAN PENAMBATAN NITROGEN PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX L.)

AGRICA ◽

10.37478/agr.v3i2.501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 138-150

Author(s):

Kristina Erniyani

Keyword(s):

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Commercial Inoculant ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Bradyrhizobium Spp ◽

Bradyrhizobium Inoculation

Bacteria Bradyrhizobium spp. From nodules on soybean plants, bind nitrogen from the air and make it freely available to plants. Amount of nitrogen fixed depends on the ability of a strain to form nodules, nodule effectiveness and environmental conditions. On land – land that had been planted with soybeans, inoculation with Bradyrizhobium bacteria are often not required. To test these lands in the district of Ende, NTT has conducted an experiment with a factor in the design of Randomized Complete with nine treatment groups. The treatment consists of (i) inoculation with the soybean crop in the ground former Ekoae (R1), (ii) inokulasi with soil former soybean plants in Ndona (R2), (iii) inoculation of soybean plants with the soil used in Flores (R3), (iv) Brady rhizobium isolates from soybean nodules in Ekoae (R4), (v) Bradyrhizobium isolates from nodules of soybean plants is in Ndona (R5), (v) Bradyrhozobium isolates from nodules of soybean plants at Flores (R6) (vii) a commercial inoculant legin (L), (viii) fertilizer nitrogen (N), and (ix) Control (K). all treatments were repeated 4 times. Land used in these experiments is the land of Ndona. The experiment was carried out since faculty, Udayana University. The highest percentage of effective nodules on the treatment Bradyrhizobium isolates from sybean nodules in Ndona (R5). Total nitrogen levels at the age of 45 HST in the highest in soybean plants that received 100 kg ha-1 urea and soybeans that have a desolate Bradyrhizobium inoculation of soybean nodules in Ndona (R). Efficiency and levels of symbiotic nitrogen fixation result obtained highest in soybean plants that received an inoculation Bradyrhizobium diisolat soybean nodules in Ndona (R5). Oven dry weight of plants that from the age of 45 HST on all isolates are equivalent to the oven-dry weight of plants at the fertilization of 100 kg ha- 1 urea. The result shoed that the land – the land of Ekoae, Ndona and Fkres have high Bradirhizobium contain bacteria. Bacteria Bradyrhizobium cp. Most numerous in the isolates from soybean nodules in Ndona (R5) the most efficient from effective nodules is 82.26% and as high as the 0.52% N fixate. These results indicate that isolates from Ndona Bradyrhizobiun veeb able to form effective nonudel on yoy beans grown in soil from Ndona. The result also indicates inoculation with a commercial inoculant was obtained not on land – land planted with soybeans used

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Grafting onto an Appropriate Rootstock Reduces the Impact on Yield and Quality of Controlled Deficit Irrigated Pepper Crops

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1529

Author(s):

Ramón Gisbert-Mullor ◽

Nuria Pascual-Seva ◽

María Amparo Martínez-Gimeno ◽

Lidia López-Serrano ◽

Eduardo Badal Marín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Irrigation Water Use ◽

Water Potential Measurements ◽

The Impact

In this study, hybrid pepper rootstock NIBER® is tested for its ability to overcome water stress situations under soil conditions. The impact of deficit irrigation (DI) on yield and fruit quality, irrigation water use efficiency is evaluated, and consequently, the agronomic impact of employing water-stress tolerant rootstock is compared to ungrafted pepper plants. For this purpose, plants of the California-type sweet pepper ‘Maestral F1’ grafted onto NIBER® underwent a sustained DI regime during seasons 2018 and 2019 and were compared to their respective controls. Plants were drip-fertirrigated, and volumetric soil water content was continuously monitored by capacitance sensors. Gas exchange and leaf water potential measurements were taken early in the morning and midday 58, 79, and 114 days after transplanting. Plant and fruit dry biomass, marketable quality, blossom-end rot incidence and harvest index were also determined. For consecutive years, our results confirmed that grafting a pepper cultivar onto an appropriate rootstock (NIBER® in this case) as part of a DI strategy can overcome the negative effects of sustained water stress conditions. The plant biomass production and fruit yields of grafted plants were less affected by DI due to less sensitivity to water stress. This can be attributed to a less marked reduction in shoot dry weight in the grafted plants, which allowed greater whole photosynthesis by maintaining sink activity compared to ungrafted plants.

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Bidirectional Selection for Nitrogenase Activity and Shoot Dry Weight Among Late Generation Progenies of a Virginia x Spanish Peanut Cross1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-13-2-12 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 86-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Arrendell ◽

J. C. Wynne ◽

G. H. Elkan ◽

T. J. Schneeweis

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Plant Growth Habit ◽

The Mean ◽

Selection For

Abstract Improvement of the host contribution to nitrogen fixation has been proposed as a method of increasing nitrogen fixation. Significant variability and generally high broad-sense heritability estimates (.60 ± .27 to .82 ± .26 for nitrogenase activity and .53 ± .29 to .85 ± .26 for shoot dry weight) have been reported for F2-derived families from a cross between the Virginia (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar NC 6 and the Spanish (ssp. fastigiata Waldron vulgaris Harz.) breeding line 922, indicating selection for increased nigtogen fixation should be effective in this population. Lines from this population were chosen randomly from F2-derived families selected for high and low nitrogenase activity and high and low shoot dry weight after evaluation at three dates and two locations in each of 2 years (F5 and F6 generations). This study's objectives were to evaluate the N2-fixing ability of the selected lines and to evaluate the association between plant growth habit and N2 fixation. Twenty-four lines in each of the four selection groups and the parents, NC 6 and 922, were evaluated at two sampling dates and two locations. Mean nitrogenase activity of lines selected for increased nitrogenase activity was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low nitrogenase activity. Improved nitrogenase activity was associated with increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased nitrogenase activity was 39% greater than the mean of the group selected for low nitrogenase activity. Mean shoot dry weight of lines selected for increased shoot dry weight was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low shoot dry weight; however, the fruit weight means of these two groups did not differ. It was hypothesized that selection for increased N2 fixation in a population derived from a cross between Virginia and Spanish types would eliminate genotypes with Spanish growth habit. Groups selected for high nitrogenase activity and for high shoot dry weight had longer and wider leaflets, longer cotyledonary laterals and greater main stem height than did their respective low selection groups. However, these traits chosen to characterize plant growth habit were inadequate in discriminating parental growth habits. Consequently, the data neither substantiated nor refuted the hypothesis.

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Elucidating the Potential of Native Rhizobial Isolates to Improve Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Growth of Common Bean and Soybean in Smallholder Farming Systems of Kenya

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2016/4569241 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ernest Wandera Ouma ◽

Anne Mercy Asango ◽

John Maingi ◽

Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Common Bean ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Studies ◽

Smallholder Farming ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Smallholder Farming Systems ◽

Commercial Inoculant ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Identification of effective indigenous rhizobia isolates would lead to development of efficient and affordable rhizobia inoculants. These can promote nitrogen fixation in smallholder farming systems of Kenya. To realize this purpose, two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions using two common bean cultivars; Mwezi moja (bush type) and Mwitemania (climbing type) along with soybean cultivar SB 8. In the first experiment, the common bean cultivars were treated with rhizobia inoculants including a consortium of native isolates, commercial isolate (CIAT 899), a mixture of native isolates and CIAT 899, and a control with no inoculation. After 30 days, the crop was assessed for nodulation, shoot and root dry weights, and morphological features. In the second experiment, soybean was inoculated with a consortium of native isolates, commercial inoculant (USDA 110), and a mixture of commercial and native isolates. Remarkably, the native isolates significantly (p<0.001) increased nodulation and shoot dry weight across the two common bean varieties compared to the commercial inoculant, CIAT 899. Mixing of the native rhizobia species and commercial inoculant did not show any further increase in nodulation and shoot performance in both crops. Further field studies will ascertain the effectiveness and efficiency of the tested indigenous isolates.

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Response of four spring-seeded cover crops to residues of selected herbicides

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps-2014-229 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 303-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Li Yu ◽

Laura L. Van Eerd ◽

Ivan O'Halloran ◽

Peter H. Sikkema ◽

Darren E. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Light Attenuation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Annual Ryegrass ◽

Visible Injury ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Sorghum Sudangrass

Yu, L., Van Eerd, L. L., O'Halloran, I., Sikkema, P. H. and Robinson, D. E. 2015. Response of four spring-seeded cover crops to residues of selected herbicides. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 303–313. Although herbicide labels provide crop rotation restrictions, information is limited on the influence of herbicide residues on cover crops. Field experiments were conducted in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 in Ontario, Canada, to characterize the effects of soil residues of selected herbicides on establishment and growth of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), sorghum sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench×Sorghum sudanense (P.) Stapf], and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spring-seeded cover crops planted 1 yr after application. Imazethapyr (100 and 200 g ha−1) was applied pre-emergence (PRE) to processing peas (Pisum sativum L.), while S-metolachlor/atrazine plus mesotrione (2880+140 and 5760+280 g ha−1) and saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P (735 and 1470 g ha−1) were applied PRE to sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Imazethapyr residues from 200 g ha−1 caused 75 and 48% visible injury in buckwheat and sorghum sudangrass, respectively. Plant light attenuation, shoot dry weight, and nitrate-nitrogen content were reduced up to 82, 64 and 67% in buckwheat, and 40, 11 and 24% in sorghum sudangrass, respectively, by residues from imazethapyr. S-metolachlor/atrazine plus mesotrione residues caused up to 53% visible injury to annual ryegrass and reduced plant light attenuation, shoot dry weight, and nitrate-nitrogen content by as much as 59, 48, and 55%, respectively. There were no observable adverse effects of visible injury, light attenuation, shoot dry weight, and nitrate-nitrogen content on spring wheat regardless of herbicide or rate. These results indicate that buckwheat and sorghum sudangrass should not be grown in the year following imazethapyr, and that annual ryegrass should not be grown in the year after application of S-metolachlor/atrazine plus mesotrione. However, no restrictions are needed for growing spring wheat following these herbicides.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF SYMBIOTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF RHIZOBIA NODULATING FIELD PEA (PISUM SATIVUM).

International Research Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.46378/irjst.2020.020101 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 305-312

Author(s):

Asrat MekonnenTeto

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Sole Source ◽

Field Pea ◽

Growth Time ◽

Nodule Occupancy ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Glucose Agar ◽

Good Strain ◽

Almost All

Field Pea is one of the most important Legumes plants and widely grown in Ethiopia. A study was made to re- isolate, characterize, and select best rhizobia for field pea. Results showed that all the 25 isolates exhibited typical colony characteristics and presumptive reactions of fast growing rhizobia. Out of the 25 isolates, 3(KL3, BR1 andCF5) relatively superior isolates were selected in sterilized sand. All isolates characterized their morphological and physiological characteristics. All isolates formed watery and mucoid colonies on YEMA medium, their mean growth time mostly between 2 &4 hours and failed to grow on peptone glucose agar medium and to solubilize inorganic phosphate. Almost all isolates were tolerated to pH 5to 9, 2% and 3% salt concentration, and at temperature of 15oC to 35oC. The isolates were also tolerant to erythromycin, streptomycin and ampicillin, and relatively sensitive to penicillin and chloroamphenicol at concentration of 50μg/ml. All isolates utilized to sucrose, glucanate, galactose and fructose as the sole source of carbon, and almost all isolates grow on YEMA medium containing galactose (90%), fructose (88.9%) and glucanate (76.7%) and the isolates utilized many amino acids as the source of nitrogen. BR1 was the most competitive inoculant with nodule occupancy of 75%; followed by KL3 and CF5 with nodule occupancy of 60 and 50% respectively. The mean nodule number, nodule dry weight, mean shoot dry weight and N content and of the host plants inoculated with different isolates showed variations. Particularly BR1 can be recommended as inoculants and good strain for field pea in the future.

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