scholarly journals Interactive effect of AM fungi with Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and yield of broccoli

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tanwar ◽  
A. Aggarwal ◽  
S. Kaushish ◽  
S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Tips

Most of the vegetable crops are known to depend upon arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AM) symbiosis for growth and development, since AM fungi provide nutrients and water in exchange for photosynthates.  The influences of AM fungi (Glomus intraradices (G) and Acaulospora laevis (A)) with Trichoderma viride (T) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (P) alone and in combinations on growth, mycorrhization, chlorophyll content, nutrient uptakes, and yield of broccoli plants were studied in pot culture under glasshouse conditions. The obtained results demonstrated that the single inoculation of broccoli plants with T. viride significantly increased the above ground fresh weight, root length, chlorophyll b, head diameter, root phosphorus, and shoot nitrogen in comparison to uninoculated control plants. On the other hand, consortium of G+A+T+P significantly increased plant height, above ground dry weight, root fresh weight, chlorophyll a, head fresh weight, and root nitrogen content. Similarly, G+T showed maximum leaf area, and P alone showed maximum uptake of shoot phosphorus. Whereas when P was supplied along with T, early flowering was recorded. AM fungal colonisation was negligible and only root tips were found infected in G or A treated plants which confirms low dependency of broccoli on AM fungi.  

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles Effects on In Vitro Germination, Growth, and Biochemical Activity of Tomato, Radish, and Kale Seedlings

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5340
Author(s):  
Alicja Tymoszuk
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Biochemical Activity

The interactions between nanoparticles and plant cells are still not sufficiently understood, and studies related to this subject are of scientific and practical importance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most commonly produced and used nanomaterials. This study aimed to investigate the influence of AgNPs applied at the concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg·L−1 during the process of in vitro germination as well as the biometric and biochemical parameters of developed seedlings in three vegetable species: Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Poranek’, Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus ‘Ramona’, and Brassica oleracea var. sabellica ‘Nero di Toscana’. The application of AgNPs did not affect the germination efficiency; however, diverse results were reported for the growth and biochemical activity of the seedlings, depending on the species tested and the AgNPs concentration. Tomato seedlings treated with nanoparticles, particularly at 100 mg·L−1, had shorter shoots with lower fresh and dry weights and produced roots with lower fresh weight. Simultaneously, at the biochemical level, a decrease in the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids and an increase in the anthocyanins content and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity were reported. AgNPs-treated radish plants had shorter shoots of higher fresh and dry weight and longer roots with lower fresh weight. Treatment with 50 mg·L−1 and 100 mg·L−1 resulted in the highest and lowest accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaves, respectively; however, seedlings treated with 100 mg·L−1 produced less anthocyanins and polyphenols and exhibited lower GPOX activity. In kale, AgNPs-derived seedlings had a lower content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins but higher GPOX activity of and were characterized by higher fresh and dry shoot weights and higher heterogeneous biometric parameters of the roots. The results of these experiments may be of great significance for broadening the scope of knowledge on the influence of AgNPs on plant cells and the micropropagation of the vegetable species. Future studies should be aimed at testing lower or even higher concentrations of AgNPs and other NPs and to evaluate the genetic stability of NPs-treated vegetable crops and their yielding efficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of different levels of mulch and irrigation on growth traits and essential oil content of basil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Nejatzadeh-Barandozi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Different Levels

Ocimum basilicum L. is an herbaceous plant from the Labiate family that used fresh, as a spice, and as a medicinal plant. Mulch is technique capable of reducing evaporation from the surface of the soil in basil production systems; it has more impacts on yield and essential oil quality of a basil crop. This research was performed in order to study the effects of different mulch types and irrigation regimes on various growth parameters and the essential oil content of basil. Treatments included two mulch types (black plastic, wood chips, and control) and three irrigation levels (100, 80, and 60% of water requirements, calculated by evaporation pan class A), following a randomised complete block design with four replications. Results showed that the effect of irrigation on fresh weight, dry weight, leaf relative water content, leaf area, and essential oil yield was significant (P<0.05). The effect of mulch on fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, inter-node distance, number of branches, and essential oil yield was significant (P<0.05). Interaction between irrigation and mulch on inter-node distance, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area was significant (P<0.05). This study identified wood chips as the best mulch treatment. The highest dry weight yield (38.35 g/plant) and the highest essential oil yield (82.83 L/ha) resulted when wood chip mulch was used in combination with irrigation at 100% of the water requirement. This combination also resulted in the highest water productivity in basil production.   Highlights - Different levels of irrigation alone did not always increase plant growth and yield of basil. - Different levels of mulch alone did not always increase plant growth and yield of basil. - Different levels of irrigation and mulch in combination used, increased, growth and essential oil yield of basil. - This study identified wood chips as the best mulch treatment. - The highest essential oil yield resulted with wood chip mulch and irrigation at 100% of the water requirement.

scholarly journals Effect of green manure along with nitrogenous fertilizer on the growth and yield of turmeric (curcuma longa l.) of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Ferdous ◽  
Mohammad Kabirul Islam ◽  
Md. Monirul Islam ◽  
Md Isfatuzzaman Bhuyan ◽  
Md Sazedul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Combined Application

Turmeric is an important spice crop of Bangladesh. A field experiment was conducted at farmer’s field of North Jhatibunia, Mirzagonj, Patuakhali during April, 2015 to February, 2016. The study was performed to find out the effect of green manure and nitrogenous fertilizer on the growth and yield of turmeric (BARI Halud-2), in coastal region of Bangladesh. In this study different combinations of green manure along with nitrogenous fertilizer were used. There was eight treatment combinations (viz. 7 ton biomass/ha + 100 kg N/ha, 7 ton biomass/ha + 80 kg N/ha, 7 ton biomass/ha + 60 kg N/ha, 7 ton biomass/ha + 40 kg N/ha, 7 ton biomass/ha + 20 kg N/ha, 7 ton biomass/ha, 100 kg N/ha and control). The highest number of leaves per plant (11.67) were recorded by the combined application of 7 ton biomass/ha along with 100 kg N/ha. The highest plant height (80.70 cm) and the longest leaf length (47.33 cm) were recorded by the application of 100 kg N/ha. The highest number of tillers per plant (7.67), maximum number of primary rhizomes per plant (9.00), maximum fresh weight of clump (189.67 g), highest fresh weight of roots (48.01 g), maximum fresh weight of rhizomes (277.70 g), maximum dry weight of clump (20.01 g), highest dry weight of roots (9.25 g), maximum dry weight of rhizomes (67.50 g) and maximum yield of fresh rhizome per hectare (6.64 tons) were recorded by the combined application of 7 ton /ha biomass+ 40 kg N/ha. Highest number of secondary rhizomes per plant (17.00) and maximum number of tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.00) were recorded by the application of 7 ton biomass/ha + 60 kg N/ha. With a few exception, the best performance in terms of growth and yield of turmeric were found from the combination of 7 ton biomass /ha + 40 kg N/ha.  

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Components of Some Turmeric Varieties (Curcuma Longa L.) As Affected by Inorganic Fertilizer Levels in Umudike, South-Eastern, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Akpan A U ◽  
Orji K O ◽  
Uhala S C
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cropping Seasons

A research on growth and yield components of some turmeric varieties (Curcuma longa L.) as affected by inorganic fertilizer levels in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria was carried out at the teaching and research farm of the University, during 2018/2019 cropping seasons. It was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Results, showed that plant height and number of tillers for both varieties and fertilizers levels increased at 2, 4, and 6 months after planting (MAP) during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Variety 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) Kg-1 produced tallest plants and highest number of tillers over other varieties and fertilizer levels. Crop growth rate was positive at 2 – 4 MAP and negative at 4 – 6 MAP, with 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) kgha-1 producing higher growth rate. Heaviest rhizomes fresh weight (kg plot-1) of 3.74 and 3.75, rhizome dry matter content of 14.49 and 16.8%, rhizome dry weight of 23.57 and 23.90g and harvest index of 2.60 and 2.70% was yielded by UMT 021 variety over other varieties. The level of 400 NPK (15:15:15) kg ha-1 produced heaviest rhizome fresh weight of 4.47 and 4.57 kg plot-1; rhizome dry matter content of 19.42 and 25.8%; rhizome dry weight of 27.54 and 27.8g and harvest index of 2.81 and 3.20%, over other levels. Consequently, variety 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) kgha-1 are recommended for sole production of turmeric in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMBINASI PUPUK ORGANIK DAN PUPUK HAYATI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN MUTU PEGAGAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rahma Widyastuti ◽  
Nurul Husniyati Listyana ◽  
Erri Setyo Hartanto
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<em>Gotu kola is one of the medicinal plants that has begun to be cultivated by the Indonesian people. It’s cultivation needs to follow the GAP to produce the qualified yield, including the use of fertilizers. Biofertilizers have been widely developed to reduce adverse effects of chemical fertilizers to the environment, thus an organic cultivation method can be an alternative. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biofertilizer on growth and yield of gotu kola. This research was an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD) using 8</em> <em>planting media treatments consisting of (a) Soil + manure + dolomite; (b) Soil manure + 1 g biofertilizer; (c) Soil + dolomite + 1g biofertilizer; (d) Soil + manure + 3 biofertilizer; (e) Soil + dolomite + 3 biofertilizer; (f) Soil + manure + 5 g biofertilizer; (g)  Soil + dolomite + 5 g  biofertilizer;  and  (h)  Soil +  3 g</em> <em>biofertilizer. Parameters observed were leaf area, stem length, number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh weight, dry weight and asiaticoside content. The results showed that combination treatment of biofertilizer (1 g) with dolomite (30 g) gives better effect in increasing the number of tillers and number of leaves, while the combination of biofertilizer (5 g) and dolomite (30 g) is the best for asiaticoside levels in gotu cola.</em>

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid Application and Plant Spacing Effects on Growth and Yield of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Taslima Akter ◽  
Md. Nazrul Islam ◽  
Md. Jahedur Rahman ◽  
Rebaka Sultana ◽  
Chaity Dey Puja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Optimum Spacing ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Aims: This study aimed to optimize the levels of gibberellic acid (GA3) and plant spacing on growth and yield of lettuce. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: Horticulture farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, from November 2013 to January 2014. Methodology: The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A- two levels of gibberellic acid (GA3,) application, viz. G1= 25 ppm and G2= 50 ppm in relation to a control G0 and factor B- four plant spacing viz. S1=15cm x 15cm, S2=20 cm x 20 cm, S3=25 cm x 25 cm and S4=30 cm x 30 cm. GA3 was applied twice as a foliar application by hand sprayer at 20 and 30 days after sowing. First, second and final harvesting was done at 25, 35 and 45 days after sowing respectively. Results: The growth and yield characters of lettuce showed significant variation for different levels of GA3 and plant spacing. Among GA3 levels, 25 ppm GA3 produced the maximum number of leaves (15.6), leaf area (283.9 cm2), fresh weight (91.6 g plant-1), dry weight (11.8 g plant-1), fresh yield (1794 g plot-1) and gross yield (12 t ha-1) at final harvesting compared to control where GA3 was not used. Under plant spacing, highest plant height (17.5 cm), leaf area (281.1 cm2), fresh weight (99.1 g plant-1) and dry weight (12.1 g plant-1) was revealed from wider spacing 30 cm x 30 cm followed by optimum spacing 25cm x 25cm. Meanwhile, closure spacing 15 cm x 15 cm showed maximum fresh yield (1710 g plant-1) and gross yield (15.5 t ha-1) due to higher plant density at final harvesting. Besides, lower chlorophyll content (0.43%) and the highest number of leaves (16.2) was found from 25 cm x 25 cm at final harvesting. So, optimum spacing 25 cm x 25 cm would be more suitable considering different points of view. Moreover, the treatment combinations 25 ppm GA3 with 25 cm x 25 cm exhibited highest benefit-cost ratio (2.04) than other treatments. Conclusions: It is concluded that the combinations 25 ppm GA3 application with 25cm x 25cm spacing would be optimum for better growth and yield of lettuce

scholarly journals Biomass Production and Pigment Accumulation in Kale Grown Under Different Radiation Cycles in a Controlled Environment

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1412-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Lefsrud ◽  
Dean A. Kopsell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Earth Day ◽  
Pigment Accumulation ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Exact Amount

Controlled plant growing systems have consistently used the standard earth day as the radiation cycle for plant growth. However, the radiation cycle can be controlled using automated systems to regulate the exact amount of time plants are exposed to irradiation (and darkness). This experiment investigated the influence of different radiation cycle periods on plant growth and carotenoid accumulation in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.). Plants were grown in a controlled environment using nutrient solutions under radiation cycle treatments of 2, 12, 24 and 48 hours, with 50% irradiance and 50% darkness during each cycle. The radiation cycles significantly affected kale fresh weight, dry weight, percent dry matter, and the accumulation of lutein, β-carotene, and chlorophyll a and b. Maximum fresh weight occurred under the 2-hour radiation cycle treatment, whereas maximum dry weight occurred under the 12-hour treatment. Maximum accumulation of lutein, β-carotene, and chlorophyll a occurred with the 12-hour radiation cycle at values of 14.5 mg/100 g, 13.1 mg/100 g, and 263.3 mg/100 g fresh weight respectively. Maximum fresh weight production of the kale was not linked to increases in chlorophyll, lutein, or β-carotene. Consumption of fruit and vegetable crops rich in lutein and β-carotene carotenoids is associated with reduced risk of cancers and aging eye diseases. Increased carotenoid concentrations in vegetable crops would therefore be expected to increase the value of these crops.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT MULCHING MATERIALS, MANURES AND BIO-FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.) VAR. AGRIFOUND PARVATI IN GARHWAL REGION OF UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Kumar Rai ◽  
R.S. Negi
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Better Than

In this study, the effects of different type of mulches viz., Green fern foliage, Mixed forest litter (Alnus nepalensis leaves and Rhododendron leaves), Dry walnut litter and without mulching (control), Manures viz., Goat manure and FYM, and bio-fertilizers namely Trichoderma asperellium, and Pseudomonas fluorescence on the growth and yield characters of garlic were observed in a field experiment. Mixed forest litter, FYM and Pseudomonas fluorescence and Mixed forest litter, FYM and Trichoderma asperellium increased the bulb yield and yield components, irrespective of their duration. The treatment Mixed forest litter, FYM and Pseudomonas fluorescence performed better than other treatment in respect of fresh weight of bulb, dry weight of bulb, fresh weight of individual clove, dry weight of individual clove, width of bulb, width of individual cloves and numbers of cloves per bulb. Mixed forest litter, FYM and Pseudomonas fluorescence is recommended for the garlic production based on better performance than the others and also for being cheaper and abundant in the nature

scholarly journals Diversity of endomycorrhizal fungi and their synergistic effect on the growth of Acacia catechu Willd.

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Parkash ◽  
A. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizosphere Microflora ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Acacia Catechu ◽  
Slow Growing

The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi of <I>Acacia catechu</I> Willd. was studied. Dominant AM spores, the bacterium <I>Rhizobium</I> sp. along with the fungus <I>Trichoderma viride</I> were isolated from the rhizosphere of <I>A. catechu</I> and mass-produced in laboratory. The co-inoculation effect of <I>Glomus mosseae, Glomus fasciculatum</I>, mixed AM (<I>Glomus</I> spp. [except <I>G. mosseae, G. fasciculatum</I>] with <I>Acaulospora</I> spp., <I>Sclerocystis</I> spp. and <I>Gigaspora</I> spp.), <I>Rhizobium</I> sp. and <I>Trichoderma viride</I> was studied as exerted on the growth of <I>A. catechu</I> seedlings. All inoculated seedlings showed improved seedling growth compared to the control. Inoculated seedlings had a pronounced effect on all growth parameters such as height, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, AM spore count, per cent mycorrhizal colonization in roots and root nodule number in comparison with uninoculated seedlings. Phosphorus uptake was also higher in inoculated seedlings than in the control. This study provides a good scope for commercially utilizing the efficient strains of AM fungi for beneficial effects with other beneficial rhizosphere microflora in the primary establishment of slow growing seedlings ensuring better survival and improved growth.

scholarly journals Effect of date of planting on the growth and leaf yield of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
AR Khan ◽  
SH Chowdhury ◽  
MM Karim
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from December 2009 to March 2011 to determine the effect of date of planting on growth and leaf yield of Stevia. The experiment comprised 24 dates of planting in the year of 2010 viz. 1 January (T1), 15 January (T2), 1 February (T3), 15 February (T4), 1 March (T5), 15 March (T6), 1 April (T7), 15 April (T8), 1 May (T9), 15 May (T10), 1 June (T11), 15 June (T12), 1 July (T13), 15 July (T14), 1 August (T15), 15 August (T16), 1 September (T17), 15 September (T18), 1 October (T19), 15 October (T20), 1 November (T21), 15 November (T22), 1 December (T23) and 15 December (T24). The experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Design with three replications. Twenty four dates of planting were included in the experiment in 72 earthen pots (24 X 3) of 30 cm diameter X 30 cm height. Stem cuttings were placed in shaded seed bed for root initiation. Twenty one - day old stem cuttings were used as planting material. Stem cuttings were transplanted in the pots on the specific dates. Different dates of planting had significant effect on the growth and yield parameters. 1 April 2010 (T7) planting proved to be the superior to the other treatments i.e. plant height (68.50cm), number of leaves plant-1 (142.33), number of primary branches plant-1 (37.33), fresh weight of leaves plant-1 (14.11g), fresh weight of primary and secondary branches plant-1 (11.06g and 20.91g), dry weight of leaves plant-1 (3.38g) which might be due to warm environmental conditions like clear sunshine and high temperature. The overall results suggested that stevia seedlings may be planted from 15 February to 30 April for better yield of leaves. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14684 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(2): 205-210, 2012

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