Silver Nanoparticles Effects on In Vitro Germination, Growth, and Biochemical Activity of Tomato, Radish, and Kale Seedlings

The interactions between nanoparticles and plant cells are still not sufficiently understood, and studies related to this subject are of scientific and practical importance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most commonly produced and used nanomaterials. This study aimed to investigate the influence of AgNPs applied at the concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg·L−1 during the process of in vitro germination as well as the biometric and biochemical parameters of developed seedlings in three vegetable species: Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Poranek’, Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus ‘Ramona’, and Brassica oleracea var. sabellica ‘Nero di Toscana’. The application of AgNPs did not affect the germination efficiency; however, diverse results were reported for the growth and biochemical activity of the seedlings, depending on the species tested and the AgNPs concentration. Tomato seedlings treated with nanoparticles, particularly at 100 mg·L−1, had shorter shoots with lower fresh and dry weights and produced roots with lower fresh weight. Simultaneously, at the biochemical level, a decrease in the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids and an increase in the anthocyanins content and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity were reported. AgNPs-treated radish plants had shorter shoots of higher fresh and dry weight and longer roots with lower fresh weight. Treatment with 50 mg·L−1 and 100 mg·L−1 resulted in the highest and lowest accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaves, respectively; however, seedlings treated with 100 mg·L−1 produced less anthocyanins and polyphenols and exhibited lower GPOX activity. In kale, AgNPs-derived seedlings had a lower content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins but higher GPOX activity of and were characterized by higher fresh and dry shoot weights and higher heterogeneous biometric parameters of the roots. The results of these experiments may be of great significance for broadening the scope of knowledge on the influence of AgNPs on plant cells and the micropropagation of the vegetable species. Future studies should be aimed at testing lower or even higher concentrations of AgNPs and other NPs and to evaluate the genetic stability of NPs-treated vegetable crops and their yielding efficiency.

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Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Ochradenus arabicus and their physiological effect on Maerua oblongifolia raised in vitro

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74675-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hassan O. Shaikhaldein ◽

Fahad Al-Qurainy ◽

Mohammad Nadeem ◽

Salim Khan ◽

Mohamed Tarroum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Total Protein ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Wide Range ◽

Shoot Number

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are presently the most commonly generated engineered nanomaterials and are found in a wide range of agro-commercial products. The present study was designed to synthesize AgNPs biologically using Ochradenus arabicus leaves and investigate their effect on the morphophysiological properties of Maerua oblongifolia raised in vitro. Physicochemical methods (ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were performed for characterization and for obtaining microphotographs of the AgNPs. Shoots of M. oblongifolia (2–3 cm) grown in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of AgNPs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg L−1) were used. Following 6 weeks of in vitro shoot regeneration, the shoot number, shoot length, leaf number, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, total protein, proline level, and antioxidant enzyme activities of the plants were quantified. We found that 20 mg L−1 AgNPs increased the shoot number, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll content of the plants. The maximum total protein was recorded in plants that were administered the lowest dose of AgNPs (10 mg L−1), while high concentrations of AgNPs (40 and 50 mg L−1) increased the levels of proline and the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Our results indicate that green-synthesized AgNPs may be of agricultural and medicinal interest owing to their effects on plants in vitro.

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The effect of silver nanoparticles on the limitation of ethylene gas and hydrolytic enzymatic activity in micropropagation of rose (Rosa hybrida L. 'Baby love')

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/17/3/13847 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 505-517

Author(s):

Ha Thi My Ngan ◽

Hoang Thanh Tung ◽

Ngo Dai Nghiep ◽

Bui Van Le ◽

Duong Tan Nhut

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Rosa Hybrida ◽

The Other ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Fresh Weight

Micropropagation of rose (Rosa hybrida L. ‘Baby Love’) often encounter some abnormal phenomena such as yellow and abscission leaf, hyperhydricity, etc. These phenomena effect on the quality of shoots cultured in vitro as well as the survival rate of plantlets after transferred to greenhouse. This is due to the accumulation of ethylene in culture vessel, which leads to an increase in enzyme activity of cellulase and pectinase resulted in disrupting the cell wall binding and inducing organ abscission. In this study, the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to overcome these abnormal phenomena as well as its effect on the growth and development of shoots and plantlets in rose cultured in vitro were evaluated. The results showed that after 6 weeks of shoot culture, the medium supplemented with 2 ppm AgNPs was the most suitable for in vitro shoot multiplication with the highest number of shoots/explant (6.67 shoots), shoot height (3.06 cm), fresh weight (451.00 mg), dry weight (58.33 mg), SPAD (32.28) and dry mass ratio(12.33%). Adding 3 ppm AgNPs into in vitro rooting medium may improve the growth and develop involve in plant height (3.06 cm), number of leaves (6.33), leaf length (1.50 cm), leaf width (1.50 cm), fresh weight (137.67 mg), dry weight (13.00 mg), number of roots (4.33), SPAD (39.37), dry mass ratio (9.40%) of rose plantlet after 4 weeks of culture. After treatment with AgNPs, the abnormal phenomena including ethylene gas accumulation (0.30 ppm), cellulase enzyme activity (0.14 UI/mL) and pectinase enzyme activity (0.40 UI/mL) was reduced compare with the other treatments and the control. In addition, the high survival rate (93.33%) of plantlets was also observed after 4 weeks transferred to greenhouse. On the other hand, the treatment with 5 ppm AgNPs also induced early rose in vitro flowering; however, when using AgNPs at high concentrations (7 ppm) inhibited growth, development, toxicity and even death of explants.

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In vitro screening of rice genotypes using polyethylene glycol under drought stress

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v27i2.29321 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 128-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J Akte ◽

S Yasmin ◽

MJH Bhuiyan ◽

F Khatun ◽

J Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Proline Accumulation ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Relative Water

Five rice varieties viz. Binadhan-4, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-10 and Iratom-24 were evaluated in vitro under different water stress conditions. Several parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation were studied. Drought condition was created by MS medium supplemented with five treatments of PEG, with a control such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of PEG. The highest germination (100%) was found in the variety Binadhan-10 under low water stress conditions induced by 1% PEG. Similarly, the highest percentage of germination was found in all varieties under control condition (0% PEG). The lowest percentage of germination was obtained in the variety Iratom-24. But under severe stress (4% PEG), the highest percentage of germination was found only in the variety Binadhan-10. Moreover, the variety Binadhan-10 was found to be the best at 4% PEG for shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, relative water content and also the best at 1% PEG for fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight. Water stress decreased relative water content and increased proline accumulation in rice. The highest relative water content was recorded in the variety Binadhan-10 and the lowest value recorded in the variety Binadhan-5. The highest proline content was obtained from the binadhan-6 at the highest treatment (4% PEG). Binadhan-10 showed the best performance almost in all the parameters under drought stress because of its own nature of tolerancy.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 128-135, 2016

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Interactive effect of AM fungi with Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and yield of broccoli

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/54/2012-pps ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 137-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Tanwar ◽

A. Aggarwal ◽

S. Kaushish ◽

S. Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Root Tips

Most of the vegetable crops are known to depend upon arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AM) symbiosis for growth and development, since AM fungi provide nutrients and water in exchange for photosynthates.  The influences of AM fungi (Glomus intraradices (G) and Acaulospora laevis (A)) with Trichoderma viride (T) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (P) alone and in combinations on growth, mycorrhization, chlorophyll content, nutrient uptakes, and yield of broccoli plants were studied in pot culture under glasshouse conditions. The obtained results demonstrated that the single inoculation of broccoli plants with T. viride signiﬁcantly increased the above ground fresh weight, root length, chlorophyll b, head diameter, root phosphorus, and shoot nitrogen in comparison to uninoculated control plants. On the other hand, consortium of G+A+T+P signiﬁcantly increased plant height, above ground dry weight, root fresh weight, chlorophyll a, head fresh weight, and root nitrogen content. Similarly, G+T showed maximum leaf area, and P alone showed maximum uptake of shoot phosphorus. Whereas when P was supplied along with T, early flowering was recorded. AM fungal colonisation was negligible and only root tips were found infected in G or A treated plants which confirms low dependency of broccoli on AM fungi.  

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The effect of silver nanoparticles and silver ions on mammalian and plant cells in vitro

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 50-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Jana Jiravova ◽

Katerina Barton Tomankova ◽

Monika Harvanova ◽

Lukas Malina ◽

Jakub Malohlava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Silver Ions

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL, LEAFLESS AND SEMI-LEAFLESS PHENOTYPES OF PEAS: PHOTOSYNTHETIC CO2 FIXATION IN VITRO

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps81-092 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 665-671 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. LAFOND ◽

L. E. EVANS

Keyword(s):

Soluble Protein ◽

Co2 Fixation ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Carboxylase Activity ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

In Vitro Measurements ◽

Internal Arrangement

The effect of the "leafless" mutations (in which tendrils replace leaflets, af, and the stipules are reduced to a vestigial form, st) upon chlorophyll content, total protein, soluble protein, ribulose biphosphate carboxylase activity, and fresh weight/dry weight ratio were studied. Comparison of three near-isogenic lines of Century, Freezer and Trapper for the genotypes af af st st (leafless), af af + + (semi-leafless) and + + st st (reduced stipules) were compared with the conventional (+ + + +) plants. Chlorophyll contents were reduced by as much as 50% in the leafless phenotypes, as compared to the leafed plants. The leafless phenotype showed significantly higher levels of total nitrogen than the leafed plants. Tendrils had significantly lower levels of soluble protein than leaflets in two of the three cultivars examined. The fresh weight/dry weight ratio was significantly higher in the leafless phenotypes than the leafed types as a result of changes in morphology, going from a leaflet to a tendril. The internal arrangement of cells in the tendril was typical of pith and cortex tissue with very few intercellular spaces between the parenchyma cells. The intercellular space index within the tendrils was significantly lower than in the leaflet. In vitro measurements of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase activity were calculated per unit fresh weight and per unit chlorophyll. No significant differences were found between the different phenotypes per unit fresh weight; however, when the activity was measured per unit chlorophyll, the values for tendrils were significantly higher than for leaflets.

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In vitro Sugar and Water Use in Diploid and Tetraploid Genotypes of Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) in Liquid Medium as Affected by Density and Plant Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.42.2.325 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 325-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jeffrey Adelberg ◽

Maria Delgado ◽

Jeffrey Tomkins

Keyword(s):

Liquid Medium ◽

Water Use ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Mass Volume ◽

Orbital Shaker

Two tetraploid and two diploid genotypes of Hemerocallis spp. were micropropagated on an orbital shaker in Murashige and Skoog liquid medium in a factorial combination of two sucrose concentrations (90 mm and 180 mm), two 6-benzylaminopurine (benzyladenine) concentrations (0.32 μm and 3.2 μm), at two densities (57 explants/L and 171 explants/L), in the presence (0.32 μm) and absence of α-cyclopyl-α-[4-mehtoxyphenyl]-5-pyrimididinmethanol (ancymidol). There were linear relationships between fresh weight and water use (R 2 = 0.800, P < 0.0001), dry weight and sucrose use (R 2 = 0.636, P < 0.0001), and relative dry weight (dry weight/fresh weight = relative dry weight) to concentration of sucrose residual in medium after culture (R 2 = 0.553, P < 0.0001). Eighty-five percent of the water used and 74% of the sucrose used were incorporated as plant fresh weight and dry weight, respectively. A 1% increase in percent sucrose residual (mass/volume in spent medium) was correlated to an increase of 1.8% relative dry weight over the range 7% to 22% relative dry weight. In vessels with 90 mm initial sucrose, where the most growth had occurred (>15 g fresh weight), sucrose was depleted (<0.2% sucrose) and plantlets had the lowest relative dry weight (≈6.9%). In vessels from 180 mm initial sucrose, with similarly high fresh weight, plantlets had 12.0% relative dry weight with 2.1% sucrose residual in medium. Fresh weight, dry weight, or relative dry weight of plantlets in the laboratory did not correlate with subsequent survival or growth in the greenhouse. Plantlets grown without ancymidol at the lower benzyladenine concentration acclimatized to the greenhouse with 93% survival. However, greenhouse survival of plants grown with ancymidol and a higher level of benzyladenine was only 4%. ‘Barbara Mitchell’ was the largest plant in the laboratory, but often had poorest growth in the greenhouse. When optimizing a liquid micropropagation protocol for larger vessels, sucrose and water requirements may be directly related to targeted biomass yield, but each genotype needs to be handled independently with ex vitro validation of plant vigor.

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(389) Enhanced Growth in Acclimatization of In Vitro Plantlets of Wasabi japonica using Hydroponics

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1032d ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1032D-1032

Author(s):

Joo Hyun Lee ◽

Yong-Beom Lee ◽

Kyu Sook Lee

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Light Availability ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Murashige Skoog

Wasabi japonica plantlets were acclimatized in a hydroponic system to determine effective procedures. The plantlets were cultured on solid Murashige-Skoog medium with 3% sucrose. Shoots that formed roots were transplanted into hydroponic systems: 1) acclimatization in ebb-and-flow (EBB) for subirrigation (medium: granulated rockwool and coir); and 2) acclimatization in deep flow technique (DFT). The plantlets were acclimatized for 5 weeks under two irradiance treatments, 50 and 300 mmol·m-2·s-1. Photosynthetic capacity in high PPF was higher than that in low PPF during acclimatization. Electron transport rate from PS II (ETR) and biomass production increased significantly with increased light availability. The fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area of plantlets in high PPF were higher than those in low PPF. In particular, the dry weight and ETR of the plantlets grown in high PPF increased more than twice as much as those in low PPF. At 50 mmol·m-2·s-1 PPF, growth indexes, such as number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight, were higher in EBB (granulated rockwool) > EBB (coir culture) > DFT. At 300 mmol·m-2·s-1 PPF, those indexes were higher in DFT > EBB (granulated rockwool) > EBB (coir). The Wasabi japonica plantlets acclimatized in a hydroponic system also had a superior performance when they were transferred to the field.

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In Vitro Screening of Cucmis Melo L. Against Drought Mediated By PEG and Sorbitol

10.21203/rs.3.rs-253308/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Nekoee Mehmandar ◽

Farzad Rasouli ◽

Mousa Torabi Giglou ◽

Seyed Morteza Zahedi ◽

Mohammad Ali Aazami

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Coleoptile Length ◽

Screening And Identification ◽

Osmotic Solution

Abstract Water deficit in first growth stages of melon (Cucumis melo L.) in formation of first true leaves after germination can be a factor limiting production. The first step for resolve the problem is genotypes evaluation and identification of drought tolerant melons. An effective method to achieve the goal is use of osmotic solution in tissue culture. Responses of Iranian melon landraces to drought was evaluated using sorbitol at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 M or polyethyleneglycol (PEG 6000) at 0.009, 0.012 and 0.015 M concentrations, and MS medium without treatment as the control. Coleoptile length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, photosynthetic pigments, protein, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were measured. The PEG or sorbitol decreased coleoptile length, fresh weight and photosynthetic pigments, and led to enhancement of proline and MDA. Contents of protein and antioxidant enzymes was completely dependent on genotype and type and concentration of osmotic material. The in vitro culture for screening and identification of tolerant and sensitive drought genotypes could be rapid, useful and effective, with sorbitol mimicing drought better than PEG. After in vitro evaluation, the genotype responses to induced water deficit need to be confirmed under field conditions.

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Biomass Production and Pigment Accumulation in Kale Grown Under Different Radiation Cycles in a Controlled Environment

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.6.1412 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 1412-1415 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mark G. Lefsrud ◽

Dean A. Kopsell

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Weight Percent ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Earth Day ◽

Pigment Accumulation ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Exact Amount

Controlled plant growing systems have consistently used the standard earth day as the radiation cycle for plant growth. However, the radiation cycle can be controlled using automated systems to regulate the exact amount of time plants are exposed to irradiation (and darkness). This experiment investigated the influence of different radiation cycle periods on plant growth and carotenoid accumulation in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.). Plants were grown in a controlled environment using nutrient solutions under radiation cycle treatments of 2, 12, 24 and 48 hours, with 50% irradiance and 50% darkness during each cycle. The radiation cycles significantly affected kale fresh weight, dry weight, percent dry matter, and the accumulation of lutein, β-carotene, and chlorophyll a and b. Maximum fresh weight occurred under the 2-hour radiation cycle treatment, whereas maximum dry weight occurred under the 12-hour treatment. Maximum accumulation of lutein, β-carotene, and chlorophyll a occurred with the 12-hour radiation cycle at values of 14.5 mg/100 g, 13.1 mg/100 g, and 263.3 mg/100 g fresh weight respectively. Maximum fresh weight production of the kale was not linked to increases in chlorophyll, lutein, or β-carotene. Consumption of fruit and vegetable crops rich in lutein and β-carotene carotenoids is associated with reduced risk of cancers and aging eye diseases. Increased carotenoid concentrations in vegetable crops would therefore be expected to increase the value of these crops.

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