scholarly journals Cadmium accumulation in the grain of durum wheat is associated with salinity resistance degree

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Jakub Pastuszak ◽  
Przemysław Kopeć ◽  
Agnieszka Płażek ◽  
Krzysztof Gondek ◽  
Anna Szczerba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Tolerant Line ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
Physiological Background

A serious problem in durum wheat cultivation is its genetic capacity to accumulate cadmium (Cd) in the grain. The aim of the study was to verify if the degree of durum wheat resistance to NaCl salinity is related to its tolerance to Cd contamination, and to search for physiological markers of Cd accumulation in the grain. The experiment involved a salt sensitive cv. Tamaroi and a salt resistant line BC<sub>5</sub>Nax<sub>2</sub>, as well as a moderately salt tolerant line SMH87. The plants grew in the soil supplemented with 3 mg or 5 mg Cd/kg dry weight. The plant response to Cd was evaluated based on chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and Cd content in the grains. Toxic effects of both Cd levels on photosynthetic performance index were the strongest in salt sensitive cv. Tamaroi, which showed the highest Cd content in the seeds. We therefore assumed that tolerance to salinity and Cd has a common physiological background, and that ChlF parameters may be used as the markers of Cd tolerance.

The relationship between root morphology and cadmium accumulation in seedlings of two durum wheat cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Berkelaar ◽  
Beverley Hale
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Cd Accumulation

Two cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) with known, and different, grain-Cd accumulation were used to compare root tissue accumulation of Cd with root morphology. Six-day-old 'Kyle' and 'Arcola' seedlings were exposed to a range of Cd2 + concentrations (3.91 × 10-8 - 3.91 × 10-7 M) for 0-200 min, and root Cd contents for the two cultivars were compared with root morphological characteristics. 'Kyle' roots contained 35% less Cd per root system after 200 min of exposure and had less root surface area and fewer root tips than 'Arcola'. 'Kyle' roots also contained 30% less Cd per gram of dry weight than 'Arcola' roots after 200 min of exposure. 'Kyle' roots also had fewer root tips per unit of root dry weight and less surface area per unit of dry weight (DW) than 'Arcola'. When cadmium concentration data (µg·g-1 DW) were expressed per unit of root surface area (µg·cm-2) and per number of root tips (µg·tip-1), the difference in root Cd content between the two cultivars was smaller. These results suggest that greater root Cd content of 'Arcola' than 'Kyle' can be explained by differences in morphology, specifically that a greater surface area and more root tips in 'Arcola' leads to greater Cd accumulation in root tissue.Key words: cadmium accumulation, durum wheat, root morphology.

scholarly journals Selenium Enhances Cadmium Accumulation Capability in Two Mustard Family Species—Brassica napus and B. juncea

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yi-Ying Dong ◽  
Ling-Yang Feng ◽  
Zong-Lin Deng ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
High Level

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a Cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator. However, high-level Cd at the early seedling stage seriously arrests the growth of rape, which limits its applications. Brassica juncea had higher Cd accumulation capacity, but its biomass was lower, also limiting its applications. Previous studies have confirmed that Selenium (Se) can alleviate Cd toxicity. However, the regulatory mechanism of Se in different valence states of Cd accumulation was unclear. In this study, we investigated the ameliorating effects of three Se valence states, Na2SeO4 [Se(VI)], Na2SeO3 [Se(IV)] and Se-Met [Se(II)], to Cd toxicity by physiological and biochemical approaches in hydroponically-cultured Brassica juncea and Brassica napus seedlings. Although Se treatments slightly inhibited seedling Cd concentration, it tripled or quadrupled the Cd accumulation level per plant, because dry weight increased about four times more with Se and Cd application than with Cd treatment alone. Among the different valence states of Se, Se(II) had the most marked effect on reducing Cd toxicity as evidenced by decreased growth inhibition and Cd content. The application of Se(II) was effective in reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, and promoted the antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis of both Brassica species. In addition, Se(II) treatment increased the concentrations of Cd in the cell wall and soluble fractions, but the Cd concentration in the organelle part was reduced.

Effects of Silcon on Growth and Cadmium Accumulation by Flue-Cured Tobacco

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
Yan Fang Ren ◽  
Jun Yu He ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Yan Chao Zhang ◽  
Hui Qing Chang
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Translocation

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) is able to accumulate cadmium in leaves and reduction of cadmium content can reduce health hazards to smokers. In the present study, the influence of silicon on the growth, yield and the content and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in flue-cured tobacco plants in the presence of cadmium was investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that Cd reduced the growth of both shoots and roots. Application of Si significantly increased the dry weight of roots and shoots in flue-cured tobacco grown in Cd contaminated soils, but not the largest leaf area. Si reduced the Cd concentration and accumulation in the root, stem and leaf of flue-cured tobacco compared with Cd alone. Si restricted the transport of Cd from roots to shoots. These results demonstrate that 1 and 2 g/kg Si could enhance Cd tolerance in flue-cured tobacco and decrease of Cd accumulation in plant and Cd translocation to shoots.

scholarly journals Effect of Cadmium on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Iron and Cadmium Accumulation of Faba Bean (Vicia faba cv. Aštar)

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beáta Piršelová ◽  
Roman Kuna ◽  
Peter Lukáč ◽  
Michaela Havrlentová
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content

Abstract The influence of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) ions (50 and 100 mg/kg soil) on growth, photosynthetic pigment content, Cd, and iron accumulation in faba bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Aštar) was studied under laboratory conditions. No significant changes were observed in the growth parameters of shoots (length, fresh, and dry weight). Both tested Cd doses resulted in decrease in root fresh weight by 31.7% and 28.68% and in dry weight by 32.2% and 33.33%, respectively. Increased accumulation of Cd was observed in roots (125- and 173-fold higher than in control) and shoots (125- and 150-fold higher than in control) as a result of applied doses of Cd. Increased accumulation of iron was detected in roots (1.45- and 1.69-fold higher than in control). Decrease in the content of chlorophyll a (by 25.52 and 24.83%, respectively) and chlorophyll b (by 6.90%) after application of Cd 100 as well as decrease in carotenoids (by 40.39 and 38.36%, respectively) was detected. Weak translocation of Cd from roots to shoots pointed to low phytoremediation potential of the tested bean variety in contaminated soil. However, the high tolerance of this cultivar, its relative fast growth, as well as priority of Cd accumulation in roots presume this plant species for phytostabilisation and revegetation of the Cd-contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Effect of passivator DHJ-C on the growth and cadmium accumulation of Brassica napus in Cd-contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yunbao Wan ◽  
Chenxi Cao ◽  
Jiuyuan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Soil Urease ◽  
Mature Period ◽  
Mda Content

AbstractThe farmland polluted by cadmium is increasing drastically, which seriously threatened agricultural production and food safety. Nowadays, efficient and convenient way to solve the problem is urgently needed. In this experiment, a particular compound passivator DHJ-C was applied for soil remediation by pot experiment and the effect on both soil and plant was evaluated. The DHJ-C reduced the toxicity of Cd on soil enzyme activity and growth inhibition on Brassica napus. The soil urease and sucrase activity were significantly increased. The dry weight of mature oilseed rape increased by 14.6–36.0% and the yield of seeds increased by 14.1–52% per plant, which suggested that the passivator effectively reduced the detrimental effects on rape. Similarly, the results of physiology and biochemistry also indicated that DHJ-C can distinctly alleviate the inhibitory effect of Cd on plant growth. Such as the MDA content in plant was reduced by 52.1% in 10 mg/kg Cd treatment. Compared with control, Cd accumulation in seedling stage and mature period was significantly reduced as the concentration of Cd in aboveground part even decreased by 18.4 and 32.0% respectively. Overall, DHJ-C hold sufficient ability to be applied as an excellent passivator to reduce Cd toxicity in contaminated soil and significantly increase the yield of rapeseed.

scholarly journals Cadmium uptake and translocation in durum wheat varieties differing in grain-Cd accumulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Arduini ◽  
A. Masoni ◽  
M. Mariotti ◽  
S. Pana ◽  
L. Ercoli
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Contamination

Wheat grain products are the primary source of dietary Cd-intake for humans. Since varieties differ markedly in grain-Cd accumulation, efforts are needed to find traits associated with low, or high, accumulation. Two durum wheat varieties, selected in a field screening as low (Creso) and high (Svevo) grain-Cd accumulating, were grown on soil spiked with 1.5, 3 and 4.5 mg Cd/kg. Growth patterns, Cd uptake and translocation were investigated at heading and maturity. Cadmium did not affect plant growth and grain yield, but grain-Cd concentration always exceeded the permissible limit of 0.2 mg Cd/kg, and was approximately double in Svevo than in Creso. At maturity, total Cd-uptake increased linearly with supply in Creso, from 13 to 23 &micro;g/plant, and was approximately 18 &micro;g/plant, irrespective of Cd level, in Svevo. Partitioning to shoot was higher in Svevo than in Creso, both at heading and maturity. We suggest that reduced plant height, high root to shoot biomass ratio during vegetative growth and elevated post-heading dry matter accumulation promoted Cd accumulation into grain. Since these traits are common to modern wheat varieties, risks of grain Cd-contamination can increase in the future.

scholarly journals Bacteria Metabolically Engineered for Enhanced Phytochelatin Production and Cadmium Accumulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (19) ◽  
pp. 6317-6320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Kang ◽  
Shailendra Singh ◽  
Jae-Young Kim ◽  
Wonkyu Lee ◽  
Ashok Mulchandani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Glutamylcysteine Synthetase

ABSTRACT Phytochelatins (PCs) with good binding affinities for a wide range of heavy metals were exploited to develop microbial sorbents for cadmium removal. PC synthase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (SpPCS) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, resulting in PC synthesis and 7.5-times-higher Cd accumulation. The coexpression of a variant γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase desensitized to feedback inhibition (GshI*) increased the supply of the PC precursor glutathione, resulting in further increases of 10- and 2-fold in PC production and Cd accumulation, respectively. A Cd transporter, MntA, was expressed with SpPCS and GshI* to improve Cd uptake, resulting in a further 1.5-fold increase in Cd accumulation. The level of Cd accumulation in this recombinant E. coli strain (31.6 μmol/g [dry weight] of cells) was more than 25-fold higher than that in the control strain.

Cadmium (Cd) chloride affects the nutrient uptake and Cd-resistant bacterium reduces the adsorption of Cd in muskmelon plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-719
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Pengcheng Wang ◽  
Qingqing Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Resistant Bacterium ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Root Tissues

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd) chloride on the uptake of N, P, and K and evaluate the effect of Cd-resistant bacterium “N3” on reducing the adverse effect of Cd in grafted and nongrafted plants. The shoot and total dry weights of the nongrafted muskmelon plants decreased under 50 and 100 µM Cd treatments. The scion and shoot dry weights of the grafted plants increased significantly, whereas their root dry weight increased by nearly onefold compared with those of the CK-grafted plants regardless of Cd concentration. The N, P, and K contents in the nongrafted plants decreased under Cd treatments but increased under 50 µM Cd treatment when inoculated with “N3”. The N, P, and K contents in the grafted plants were lower than those treated with only Cd. The grafted and nongrafted plants exhibited low Cd accumulation in the scion or shoot part compared with the root tissues. “N3” inoculation reduced the Cd concentration in all tissues of the grafted and nongrafted plants. Our results demonstrated great variation in Cd accumulation in the grafted and nongrafted muskmelon plants, thereby promoting food safety under Cd contamination conditions.

scholarly journals Nitrate Increases Cadmium Accumulation in Sweet Sorghum for Improving Phytoextraction Efficiency Rather Than Ammonium

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqing Bai ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyu Tang ◽  
Yanfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Phytoextraction Efficiency ◽  
Cd Species

Sweet sorghum has potential for phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) owning to its large biomass and relatively high Cd tolerance. Nitrogen affects both growth and Cd concentrations in plants. However, different forms of nitrogen effects on Cd accumulation in sweet sorghum to improve efficiency of Cd phytoremediation is still elusive. In this study, nitrate substantially promoted both dry weight and Cd concentrations in leaves, stems + sheaths and roots of sweet sorghum when compared with ammonium. As a result, Cd accumulation in nitrate-supplied sweet sorghum was around 3.7-fold of that in ammonium-supplied plants under unbuffered pH condition, while the fold was about 2.2 under buffered pH condition. We speculated pH values and Cd species in the growth medium to some extent contributed to increased Cd accumulation as affected by nitrate. Net photosynthesis rate and Fv/Fm of nitrate-treated plants under Cd stress were higher than that of ammonium-treated plants when the pH was unbuffered. Responses of antioxidant capacity in roots to Cd stress with nitrate application were stronger than that with ammonium supplementation. Taken together, nitrate is more suitable than ammonium for Cd phytoextraction by using sweet sorghum, which is able to enhance at least double efficiency of phytoextraction.

scholarly journals Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Xizhou Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Lu ◽  
Xueguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.

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