scholarly journals Comparison of Czech hop cultivars based on their contenst of secondary metabolites

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jelínek ◽  
M. Šneberger ◽  
M. Karabín ◽  
P. Dostálek
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Bitter Acids ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Varietal Differentiation

Seven Czech hop varieties (dry hop cones) coming from the harvest of 2008 (Agnus, Bor, Harmonie, Premiant, Rubín, Sládek, and Saaz) were compared for their composition depending on their varietal differentiation. These cultivars were analysed for the contents of α- and β-bitter acids analogues, essential oils, and polyphenols. Hop essential oil constituents significantly contribute to the individual hop varieties. The dichotomous key for the authentication of Czech hop varieties was established based on some characteristic varietal markers.

scholarly journals Volatilome and Essential Oil of Ulomoides dermestoides: A Broad-Spectrum Medical Insect

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6311
Author(s):  
Paulina J. Cázares-Samaniego ◽  
Claudia G. Castillo ◽  
Miguel A. Ramos-López ◽  
Marco M. González-Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Interest ◽  
Main Components

Ulomoides dermestoides are used as a broad-spectrum medical insect in the alternative treatment of various diseases. Preliminary volatilome studies carried out to date have shown, as the main components, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1-tridecene, 1-pentadecene, and limonene. This work focused on the production of metabolites and their metabolic variations in U. dermestoides under stress conditions to provide additional valuable information to help better understand the broad-spectrum medical uses. To this end, VOCs were characterized by HS-SPME with PEG and CAR/PDMS fibers, and the first reported insect essential oils were obtained. In HS-SMPE, we found 17 terpenes, six quinones, five alkenes, and four aromatic compounds; in the essential oils, 53 terpenes, 54 carboxylic acids and derivatives, three alkynes, 12 alkenes (1-Pentadecene, EOT1: 77.6% and EOT2: 57.9%), 28 alkanes, nine alkyl disulfides, three aromatic compounds, 19 alcohols, three quinones, and 12 aldehydes were identified. Between both study approaches, a total of 171 secondary metabolites were identified with no previous report for U. dermestoides. A considerable number of the identified metabolites showed previous studies of the activity of pharmacological interest. Therefore, considering the wide variety of activities reported for these metabolites, this work allows a broader vision of the therapeutic potential of U. dermestoides in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals ESSENSIAL OIL DAN PEMANFAATAN ERYNGIUM FOETIDUM L. SEBAGAI OBAT TRADISIONAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Marina Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
Eryngium Foetidum ◽  
Online Sources

Eryngium foetidum (EF) is one of the Apiaceae family that is used as medicine, vegetables and cooking spices. Plants that are used as medicine are directly or indirectly related to the content of secondary metabolites. The writing of this article is based on a literature review obtained from various online sources (mainly from google schoolar and scopus) and offline (books and other research results) using EF keywords, then synthesized to explain the benefits and bioactivity of EF. In ethnobotany fever, hypertension, headache, abdominal pain, asthma, arthritis, diarrhea, and malaria. The essential oil contained in EF is dominated by (E) -2-dodecenal, dodecanoic acid, trans-2-dodecanoic acid (9.7%), (E) -2-tridecenal, duraldehyde, and tetradecanal. EF's bioactivity has been proven to be anti-microbial, antioxidant and anti-natural. The ability of EF essential oils as an anti-microbial is very potential to be developed as a natural food preservative.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity of Powder and Essential Oils of Vepris heterophylla (Rutaceae) and Syzygium aromaticum (Mytaceae) Towards Callosobruchus maculatus F. walp (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on Post-Harvest Vigna unguiculata (Fabaceae) in the Far-North Region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
Matseu Sakou Gerardine Noël ◽  
Ngatanko Illiassa ◽  
Kouninki Habiba ◽  
Nukenine Nchiwan Elias
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
The Individual

The bioinsecticidal effect of powders and essential oils of S. aromaticum (L.) flower buds and V. heterophylla (Engl.) leaves against adult cowpea weevil C. maculatus was studied. Powders were tested by direct contact only while essential oils were tested by direct contact and indirect contact (inhalation and repellency). In 500 mL glass jars, the individual and combined powders were applied to 100 g of cowpea seeds at 0.5 g, 1 g, 1.5 g and 2 g doses for both leaves and flower buds of V. heterophylla and S. aromaticum respectively. The essential oils were also applied individually and after equilibrium combination on 50 g of cowpea at 4 µL/mL, 8 µL/mL, 12 µL/mL, 16 µL/mL. All the infestations were then achieved by adding 20 bruchids of 48 h old. The essential oil obtained was purified and analyzed with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). 72 h after the individual treatment, 100% mortality was obtained at 2 g dose for V. heterophylla and 0.5 g dose for S. aromaticum compared to the control jars (1%). The combined powders were found to be more effective with 100% of mortality at a dose 1 g after 48 h of exposure. For essential oils, 100% and 90% of mortality were obtained respectively at 8 µL/mL dose for S. aromaticum (160 µL/kg) and 16 µL/mL dose for V. heterophylla (320 µL/kg) 72 h after treatment. In addition, the essential oil of S. aromaticum showed relatively higher repellant properties with an average repellency percentage of PR = 89.37% than that of V. heterophylla (PR = 70.62%). 100% of mortality was induced after inhalation of essential oils of S. aromaticum and V. heterophylla at doses 10 µL and 40 µL respectively after 72 h of exposure time. The results obtained from the GC-MS showed that the major components in the essential oil of S. aromaticum were eugenol (83.40%) although that of V. heterophylla were Spathulenol (23.66%), Beta-Caryophyllene oxide (16.46%) and 6-Isopropenyl-4 (16.30%). The powders and essential oils of the tested plants applied individually or after equilibrium combination showed interesting prospects for controlling Callosobruchus maculatus and effectively preserving cowpea seeds in storage warehouses.

scholarly journals Variable Secondary Metabolite Profiles Across Cultivars of Curcuma longa L. and C. aromatica Salisb.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Kulyal ◽  
Satyabrata Acharya ◽  
Aditya B. Ankari ◽  
Praveen K. Kokkiripati ◽  
Sarada D. Tetali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

Background:Curcuma spp. (Zingiberaceae) are used as a spice and coloring agent. Their rhizomes and essential oils are known for medicinal properties, besides their use in the flavoring and cosmetic industry. Most of these biological activities were attributed to volatile and nonvolatile secondary metabolites present in the rhizomes of Curcuma spp. The metabolite variations among the species and even cultivars need to be established for optimized use of Curcuma spp.Objectives: We compared the phytochemical profiles of rhizomes and their essential oils to establish the variability among seven cultivars: five of Curcuma longa L. (Alleppey Supreme, Duggirala Red, Prathibha, Salem, Suguna) and two of C. aromatica Salisb. (Kasturi Araku, Kasturi Avidi). The GC-MS and LC-MS-based analyses were employed to profile secondary metabolites of these selected cultivars.Methods: Rhizomes of Curcuma spp. were subjected to hydro-distillation to collect essential oil and analyzed by GC-MS. The methanol extracts of fresh rhizomes were subjected to LC-MS analyses. The compounds were identified by using the relevant MS library databases as many compounds as possible.Results: The essential oil content of the cultivars was in the range of 0.74–1.62%. Several compounds were detected from the essential oils and rhizome extracts by GC-MS and LC-MS, respectively. Of these, 28 compounds (13 from GCMS and 15 from LCMS) were common in all seven cultivars, e.g., α-thujene, and diarylheptanoids like curcumin. Furthermore, a total of 39 new compounds were identified from C. longa L. and/or C. aromatica Salisb., most of them being cultivar-specific. Of these compounds, 35 were detected by GC-MS analyses of essential oils, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-, and santolina alcohol, to name a few. The other four compounds were detected by LC-MS of the methanolic extracts of the rhizomes, e.g., kaempferol-3,7-O-dimethyl ether and 5,7,8-trihydroxy-2′,5′-dimethoxy-3′,4′-methylene dioxyisoflavanone.Conclusions: We identified and recorded the variability in the metabolite profiles of essential oils and whole rhizome extracts from the seven cultivars of Curcuma longa L. and C. aromatica Salisb. As many as 39 new metabolites were detected in these seven Indian cultivars of Curcuma spp. Many of these compounds have health benefits.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SATUREJA HORTENSIS L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Mariya Shanaida ◽  
Iryna Ivanusa ◽  
Ivanna Kernychna
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Satureja Hortensis ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study was designated to analyse the essential oils and tannins as important secondary metabolites of the aerial part of <em>Satureja hortensis</em>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The chemical composition of <em>S</em><em>. </em><em>hortensis</em> herb was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The essential oil yield in the aerial part of<em> </em><em>S</em><em>. </em><em>hortensis</em><strong> </strong>was 1.61%. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils identified the presence of 29 components. Carvacrol (76.16%), as the main component of essential oils, belongs to the group of aromatic compounds. Eight tannin components identified by HPLC and epigallocatechin (130.91х10<sup>-2</sup>%) are prevalent among them.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong><em>S. hortensis</em> was found to possess considerable amount of phytoconstituents such as essential oils and tannins. The results of this research will help to study pharmacological properties of the investigated plant and to prevent possible adulteration with other plants.</p>

scholarly journals In vitro antifungal activity of Myrcia ovata essential oils and their major compounds against pathogens of citrus, sweet potato, and coconut

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Alves Secundo White ◽  
Arie Fitzgerald Blank ◽  
Paulo Roberto Gagliardi ◽  
Maria de Fátima Arrigoni-Blank ◽  
Daniela Aparecida de Castro Nizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nerolic Acid

Myrcia ovata, an endemic species to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, presents antifungal properties. The phytopathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Plenodomus destruens, and Thielaviopsis paradoxa are responsible for the diseases citrus postbloom fruit drop, sweet potato foot rot, and coconut stem bleeding, respectively. The antifungal activity of the essential oils of five M. ovata chemotypes (MYRO-159, nerolic acid chemotype; MYRO-180, nerolic acid + linalool chemotype; MYRO-388, geraniol chemotype; MYRO-157, citral + (E)-nerolidol chemotype; and MYRO-174, isopulegol + linalool chemotype), four major compounds (nerolic acid, nerolic acid + linalool, geraniol, and citral + (E)-nerolidol), and three pure compounds (citral, (E)-nerolidol, and linalool) against the fungi C. acutatum, P. destruens, and T. paradoxa were evaluated. For this, in vitro tests were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications, testing concentrations (v/v) ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 μL.mL-1. All treatments presented toxicity at different levels to the three fungi. For C. acutatum, the essential oil from the individual MYRO-180 (nerolic acid + linalool chemotype) and its major compound showed the lowest Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of 0.03 and 0.1 µL.mL-1, respectively. For P. destruens, the essential oil from the individual MYRO-159 (nerolic acid chemotype) presented the lowest MIC of 0.05 μL.mL-1. The nerolic acid + linalool chemotype and its major compound presented an MFC of 0.07 μL.mL-1. For T. paradoxa, the major compound citral + (E)-nerolidol stood out with the lowest MIC and MFC of 0.03 and 0.2 µL.mL-1, respectively. Linalool presented the lowest toxicity to the three tested fungi.

scholarly journals The variability of secondary metabolites in mentha × piperita cv . ‘perpeta’ during the development of inflorescence

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fialová ◽  
D. Tekeľová ◽  
E. Švajdlenka ◽  
P. Potúček ◽  
K. Jakubová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Phenolic Substances

AbstractMentha × piperita (L.) Huds. of the family Lamiaceae is a very important species for commercial exploitation due to the high content of essential oil. Besides the essential oils, there are also other significant secondary metabolites in peppermint, especially flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic derivatives. In this study, we evaluate the variability of essential oil constituents and of phenolic compounds in the leaves of M. × piperita during the development of inflorescence. Similar studies, dealing with the variation of the essential oils and its composition, have been performed in the past, but no attention was paid to the variation of other secondary metabolites. We examined M. × piperita cv. ‘Perpeta’, the domestic cultivar. The plants were cultivated in the climatic conditions of south-west Slovakia. The contents of secondary metabolites were investigated in the week periods, from the beginning of inflorescence formation to the end of flowering. The yield and the quality of essential oil have been carried out by distillation and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The phenolic substances were analysed using spectrophotometric methods according to European Pharmacopoeia. The highest contents of phenolic substances have been found in leaves of plants during the flowering phenophase, the same stage when essential oil of mint also achieves the highest quality.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Of Essential Oil Accumulation In Hop Cones During 2012 Year

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Liana-Claudia Salanta ◽  
Maria Tofana ◽  
Sonia Socaci ◽  
Elena Mudura ◽  
Anca Farcas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Bitter Acids ◽  
Oil Components

Hop cones have lupulin glands which occur on the outer lower surface of the bracteoles and the entire surface of the perianth. The constituents of these glands include bitter acids and essential oil components (Auerbach et.al., 2000). Dry hop contains 0.5-2.0% of essential oil. Hop essential oils consist of a large number of different components and although their composition is influenced by the environment (Ĉerenak et.al., 2011). Aims: This study is a continuation of the research started in 2011 (Salanţă et.al., 2012), where the dynamic of essential oil accumulation in hop cones during 2011 year, were reported. In this paper, samples from 2012 year crop were subjected to hydrodistillation in order to content in essential oils. All reported results will be used in a future research, to determine the gas chromatographic composition of essential oils extracted.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL MIXTURES ON MORTALITIES AND OVIPOSITION DETERRENTS OF Crocidolomia pavonana AND Helopeltis antoniierrents Of Crocidolomia Pavonana And Helopeltis Antonii

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Lestari Mardiningsih ◽  
Rodiah Balfas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Oviposition Deterrents ◽  
Green House ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Research Institute

<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Essential oil, such as citronella, lemongrass, ageratum, and clove are known to be toxic and repel certain pests. Mixing two or more essential oils are expected increasing their insecticidal properties.  The experiments aimed to examine the effect of essential oils mixtures (EOs) on mortalities and oviposition deterrents of <em>Crocidolomia pavonana</em> and <em>Helopeltis antonii</em>. The experiments were conducted at the laboratory and green house of the Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute. The tested mixtures were citronella and clove (CiC); lemongrass and clove (LC); ageratum and clove (AC); individual EO; control 1 (water + emulsifier); control 2 (water) at 0.5% concentration for all treatments. The ratio used were 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 2:1 and 4:1. Parameters observed were the mortalities of <em>C. pavonana</em> larvae and <em>H. antonii</em> nymphs; and the ovipositions deterrents of both insects. The CiC and LC mixtures gave low mortality (&lt;50%) to <em>C. pavonana</em> larvae, while AC at ratios 1:1, 1:2,1:4 less than 20%, AC 2:1 and 4:1 &gt;60% and the individual ageratum oil caused 77.5% mortalities. The CiC 1:1 and LC (1:1, 1:2, and 4:1) showed &gt;40% mortalities of     <em>H. antonii, whereas </em>the AC in all ratios enhanced the nymph mortalities. The number of eggs laid by <em>C. pavonana</em> at CiC and LC in all ratios were around 50-60% lower than individual EO. The mixture of AC 1:4 and 4:1 produced eggs nearly 50% lower than clove treatment. The CiC and LC at 1:1 produced the lowest numbers of egg laid by <em>H. antonii</em>, while AC 1:4 reduced 70% eggs laid compared to individual EO.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of growing area, plant age, and virus infection on the contents of hop secondary metabolites

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jelínek ◽  
M. Dolečková ◽  
M. Karabin ◽  
T. Hudcová ◽  
B. Kotlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Bitter Acids

Hops and hop products (pellets and extracts) belong to the major raw materials employed in brewing industry. Many effects such as the growing area, hop plant age, and virus infection influence the contents of the brewing-important hop secondary metabolites (&alpha;- and &beta;-bitter acids, essential oils, and polyphenols). The clones of the Czech cultivars Saaz and German cv. Taurus were used in this work and compared with the aim to investigate the influence of the effects mentioned on the contents of hop secondary metabolites.

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