scholarly journals Management of mountain forests in the hydrology of a landscape, the Czech Republic

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Šach ◽  
V. Švihla ◽  
V. Černohous ◽  
P. Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
Peak Flood

Forests important from a water-management perspective cover 723,000 ha of the Czech Republic (CR), i.e. 27.6% of the forest area. These forests play an important role especially in a mountain landscape. Forests decrease peak flood flows, compensate water discharge and represent a source of high-quality fresh water. The optimum hydrological function is provided by forests that are healthy, ecologically stable, diversified, proper to site, growing on a good forest soil, managed by small-area felling and emulating natural processes. For mountain sites of the CR, the optimum proportion of Norway spruce (+ Silver fir) ranges from 70 to 80% and of European beech from 20 to 30%. Clear-cuts due to air pollution disasters led to replacement of the forest stand by perennial grassland increasing stormflows and decreasing the soil water supply to groundwater resources and the quality of water discharged from the forest. Skidding and hauling operations and an improperly constructed and maintained road network increased the surface runoff from a forest. Intraskeletal erosion occurs on pollution-disaster stone fields and in dying forest stands on stony sites. Reforestation of stone fields is necessary for the preservation of forests on stony and bouldery localities and their services for the cultural landscape situated below. In mountain headwaters, torrent control and forest amelioration are of great importance. These decrease peak flood flows, compensate water discharge and reduce bed-load and sediment transport. Forest amelioration enables the reforestation of waterlogged pollution-disaster areas.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of the provenance plot “Hrubá Skála” (Northern Bohemia) with grand fir at the age of 36 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulín Martin ◽  
Novotný Petr ◽  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Beran František ◽  
Dostál Jaroslav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Oregon Cascades

The article aims to evaluate the research provenance plot established in 1980 in locality No. 214 – Hrubá Skála (in the north of the Czech Republic), where nine provenances of grand fir (Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley) provided in the framework of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations project, and one provenance of grand fir, Norway spruce, silver fir and Douglas-fir from a standard commercial source are tested. We present the results of tree height, stem DBH, stem volume production and health status after 36 years. The results correspond with similar experiments in the Czech Republic and abroad and suggest that grand fir provenances from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the Washington (USA) State coastal region show the best production features, while the Oregon Cascades, Idaho and Montana provenances grow more slowly. Comparison with other tree species indicates that the production of grand fir at the investigated age exceeds the production of both Norway spruce and silver fir, and equalizes or gently exceeds even Douglas-fir.

scholarly journals Models for predicting aboveground biomass of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vejpustková Monika ◽  
Zahradník Daniel ◽  
Čihák Tomáš ◽  
Šrámek Vít
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
European Beech ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Formalized classification of the vegetation of Abies alba-dominated forests in the Czech Republic

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Boublík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Logical Operators ◽  
Tree Layer

AbstractA phytosociological classification of silver fir (Abies alba) forests in the Czech Republic was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet approach. It is based on the formalized and supervised Cocktail classification method. The definitions of associations were created by combinations of sociological species groups using logical operators. Dominance of single species was included in the definitions of associations. All relevés with at least 50% cover of silver fir in tree layer available from the Czech Republic were used for analysis. Three associations within two classes were distinguished. Vaccinio vitis-idaeae-Abietetum albae (Vaccinio-Piceetea, Piceion excelsae) is an oligotrophic, species-poor spruce-pine-fir forest dominated by Vaccinium myrtillus in the herb layer occurring mostly on podzols. Luzulo-Abietetum albae (Querco-Fagetea, Luzulo-Fagion) is an oligo-mesotrophic spruce-fir forest characterized by the dominance of graminoids (Luzula luzuloides, Calamagrostis arundinacea) in the herb layer. It occurs especially on cambisols. Nutrient-demanding species are typical of the stands of herb-rich mesotrophic Galio rotundifolii-Abietetum albae (Querco-Fagetea, Fagion sylvaticae, Galio rotundifolii-Abietenion) that occurs also mostly on cambisols. Soil nutrients and soil reaction (represented by Ellenberg indicator values) were determined as the most important ecological gradients affecting the variation of the vegetation in these communities.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Countrywide Airborne Lidar Dataset for Documentation of Historical Human Activities in Countryside

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Petr Dušánek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
The Czech Republic

During three years (2010 – 12) The Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre in cooperation with The Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic and The Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic are providing mapping of the entire area of the Czech Republic by Airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology. The goal of this project is to derive a highly accurate Digital Terrain Model (DTM) for purposes of administration like detection of flooded areas, orthorectification of areal images etc. Such data set also seems to be an interesting da ta source for mapping of human activities in countryside. Human settlements, agriculture or mining activities left significant scars on natural landscape. These significant man-made structures are a part of so called cultural landscape. Man-made structures include ancient settlements, remains of medieval mining activities or remains of settlements abandoned during 20th century. This article generally presents how to derive information about the man-made structures from raw LiDAR. Examples of significant findings of man-made imprints in countryside are also presented. Goal of this article is not to describe a certain archeological site but to inform about strengths of ALS data to map human activities in countryside, mainly in forested areas.

scholarly journals Drought Spells and Their Impact on the Growth of Young Plantations Established with the Containerized Planting Stock

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Mauer ◽  
Martin Rozmánek ◽  
Kateřina Houšková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
European Beech ◽  
First Year ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Root Collar

In 2013–2016, the growth and post – planting losses were monitored of bare – rooted and containerized planting stock of European beech, Norway spruce and Douglas fir together with the course of weather in seven regions of the Czech Republic, most endangered by drought. Precipitation deficits occurred especially in the spring period of 2015 and in the summer period of 2016, significant drought spells being recorded also in the summer periods of years 2013 and 2015. If there is a normal weather after planting, the containerized planting stock exhibits better growth. If the planting is followed by severe spells of drought, both the bare–rooted and the containerized planting stock dies, the containerized planting stock more so. The containerized planting stock responds worse to repeated drought spells. Drought spells are at all times better endured by the containerized planting stock with the large root balls, root ball coverage and strong root collar. Coverage of clear–cut areas is significantly affected by the success of regeneration, which depends on the used type of planting stock, as well as by the spells of drought. Good growth in the first year after planting does not guarantee the success of regeneration, particularly if the containerized planting stock is concerned.

scholarly journals Potential of typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic for climate-smart forestry: ecosystem-scale drought responses

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Georg Jocher ◽  
Natalia Kowalska ◽  
Manuel Acosta ◽  
Jan Krejza ◽  
Irena Marková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

Climate-smart forestry (CSF) consists of an extensive framework of actions directed to mitigating and adapting to global climate change impacts on the resilience and productivity of forest ecosystems. This study investigates the impact of the pan-European 2018 drought on carbon exchange dynamics in typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic, including two coniferous stands (Norway spruce at Bílý Kříž and Rajec) and one deciduous stand (European beech at Štítná). Our results show that the annual net ecosystem CO2 uptake at Rajec decreased by 50% during the drought year in comparison to a reference year with normal climatic conditions. The Bílý Kříž stand is less affected by drought, as the local microclimate ensures sufficient water supply. The European beech forest at Štítná is most resilient against drought and its negative impacts — there we detect no differences in carbon exchange dynamics between the drought year and the reference year. We consider the matching of tree species to site conditions as crucial in the context of CSF, specifically regarding the stand response to water limitation and water supply and demand. Successively replacing spruce with beech trees in areas with high water demand but limited water supply, like Rajec, will support the goals of CSF.

scholarly journals Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity in Czech populations of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Dagmar Zádrapová ◽  
Jiří Korecký ◽  
Jakub Dvořák ◽  
Zuzana Faltinová ◽  
Jan Bílý
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Primary Driver

Abstract European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important broadleaved tree species in Europe both ecologically and economically. Nowadays, in the Czech Republic, beech is underrepresented in forest tree species composition, and there are tendencies to increase its proportion. When reintroducing beech, genetic variability, along with other factors, play a key role. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of ten selected indigenous beech populations across the Czech Republic. Two hundred and fifty individuals were genotyped on 21 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers, which were amplified using two newly assembled multiplexes. According to the results, observed heterozygosity (Ho ) among populations ranged from 0.595 to 0.654 and expected heterozygosity (He ) from 0.650 to 0.678. That is comparable with the findings in other European studies. The high discriminatory power of the assembled multiplexes was confirmed by calculating the Probability of Identity among both unrelated and related individuals. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on Nei's genetic distances revealed that there are genetic differences among populations resulting in three approximate clusters (geographically north, south-east, and south-west). Nevertheless, the results implicate that on a geographical scale of the Czech Republic, the distance is unlikely to be the primary driver of genetic differentiation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the genetic diversity of selected Fagus sylvatica L. populations in the Czech Republic using nuclear microsatellites

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cvrčková Helena ◽  
Máchová Pavlína ◽  
Poláková Lucie ◽  
Trčková Olga
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Adult Trees

Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus (European beech), the ecologically and economically most important broadleaved tree species in the Czech Republic, was strongly reduced in the past. Today there are efforts to increase the proportion of beech to ensure optimal forest tree species composition. When extensively reintroducing beech, it is important to acquire more detailed knowledge of genetic diversity. Thirteen important beech populations in different stands in the territory of the Czech Republic were genotyped using 12 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. The genotypic data from adult trees imply genetic differences between the populations. The estimated genetic diversity expressed as Shannon’s information index ranged from 1.73 to 1.92. Thirteen beech populations showed excess homozygotes, as indicated by positive fixation index (F) values (F = 0.005–0.115). The pairwise F<sub>ST</sub> values indicated low genetic differentiation between the 13 Czech beech populations, because they were greater than zero, that means they confirmed the presence of population structuring in Czech European beech. Not significant linear correlations were observed between genetic and geographic distances of the 13 beech populations studied on the basis of microsatellite markers. Twelve microsatellite markers were verified as highly polymorphic and suitable for genotyping of European beech populations.

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