The Socio-Cultural Aspect of the Siberian Railway Committee's Activities

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Inna N. Mamkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Scholarly Discourse ◽  
First Time

The article draws attention to the sociocultural aspect of the Siberian Railway Committee's activities in the early twentieth century. Historiographic analysis showed a research interest in the status of the Committee in the context of the organization of management of the Russian Empire's Eastern outskirts. Taking into account the broad powers of the Siberian Railway Committee, the author notes isolated studies of the social aspect in its activities. The aim of this publication is an attempt to create a holistic view of the activities of the Committee for the implementation of social tasks aimed at improving the life of railway employees at the TransBaikal section of the railway in the early twentieth century. The study was conducted on the basis of the documentation of the Siberian Railway Committee. A number of documents are introduced into scholarly discourse for the first time. Based on the structural and functional approach, using a set of historical research methods, it has been revealed that, after the commissioning of the Trans-Baikal section of the Siberian Railway, considerable attention was paid to solve sociocultural problems aimed at improving the life of railway employees. The preparatory commission chaired by A.N. Kulomzina and the Main School Committee implemented social programs. The author has defined the procedure for the formation of the committee, its structure, and principles of its activity. For the first time, personal data of the school committee's members elected on the Trans-Baikal Railway are introduced into scholarly discourse. The information of the committee's activities of the opening and maintenance of primary schools at railway stations has been summarized. The obtained statistics convincingly prove the effectiveness of the committee in the field of school education. The author notes that the Siberian Railway Committee achieved a very successful development of the school network by applying administrative and financial efforts. The author, for the first time, provides data on the organization of libraries and public convocations for the employees on the Trans-Baikal Railway. She draws attention to the organization of medical care for the employees; establishes the organization order and types of medical institutions; generalizes information about the staff of hospitals and obstetric centers, and the number of patients. The author concludes that the Siberian Railway Committee had an organized and balanced approach to solving sociocultural problems that occupied an important place in its activities. The Siberian Railway Committee's social programs in a number of areas were ahead of those of other government departments.

The Only Wonderful Things

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Homestead
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Advertising Agency ◽  
Greenwich Village ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Park Avenue ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

This book tells for the first time the story of the central relationship of novelist Willa Cather’s life, her nearly forty-year partnership with Edith Lewis. Cather has been described as a distinguished artist who turned her back on the crass commercialism of the early twentieth century and as a deeply private woman who strove to hide her sexuality, and Lewis has often been identified as her secretary. However, Lewis was a successful professional woman who edited popular magazines and wrote advertising copy at a major advertising agency and who, behind the scenes, edited Cather’s fiction. Recognizing Lewis’s role in Cather’s creative process changes how we understand Cather as an artist, while recovering their domestic partnership (which they did not seek to hide) provides a fresh perspective on lesbian life in the early twentieth century. Homestead reconstructs Cather and Lewis’s life together in Greenwich Village and on Park Avenue, their travels to the American Southwest that formed the basis of Cather’s novels The Professor’s House and Death Comes for the Archbishop, their summers as part of an all-woman resort community on Grand Manan Island, and Lewis’s magazine and advertising work as a context for her editorial collaboration with Cather. Homestead tells a human story of two women who chose to live in partnership and also explains how the Cold War panic over homosexuality caused biographers and critics to make Lewis and her central role in Cather’s life vanish even as she lived on alone for twenty-five years after her partner’s death.

Punarvivaham vs. Pativratyam: Pulugurta Lakshmi Narasamamba and the Widow Remarriage Question in Colonial Andhra

2021 ◽  
pp. 025764302110017
Author(s):  
Shaik Mahaboob Basha
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Women's Journals

The question of widow remarriage, which occupied an important place in the social reform movement, was hotly debated in colonial Andhra. Women joined the debate in the early twentieth century. There was a conservative section of women, which bitterly opposed the widow remarriage movement and attacked the social reformers, both women and men. Pulugruta Lakshmi Narasamamba led this group of women. Lakshmi Narasamamba treated widow remarriage (punarvivaham) with contempt and termed it as an affront to the fidelity (pativratyam) of Hindu women. According to her, widow remarriage was equal to ‘prostitution’, and the widows who married again could not be granted the status of kulanganas (respectable or chaste women). Lakshmi Narasamamba’s stand on the question of widow remarriage led to the emergence of a fiery and protracted controversy among women which eventually led to the division of the most famous women’s organization, the Shri Vidyarthini Samajamu. She opposed not only widow remarriage but also post-puberty marriage and campaigned in favour of child marriage. This article describes the whole debate on the widow remarriage question that took place among women. It is based on the primary sources, especially the woefully neglected women’s journals in the Telugu language.

scholarly journals A MODEL OF EXPRESSIONIST STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORK OF THE WRITER (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WORKS OF LEO PERUTS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (78) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
E.A. Radaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Large Interval ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
First Time

The purpose of this study is to present a model for the development of the expressionist method in the genre of the novel using the example of the evolution of the novelistic work of the Austrian writer of the early twentieth century L. Perutz. The results obtained: the creative method of the Austrian writer is moving from scientific knowledge to mysticism; in the center of all novels created with a large interval, there is always a confused hero, broken by what is happening (in other words, the absurdity of the world), whose state is often conveyed through gestures; the author finally moves away from linear narration to dividing the plot into almost autonomous stories, thematically gravitating more and more to the distant historical past. Scientific novelty: the novels of L. Perutz are for the first time examined in relative detail through the prism of the aesthetics of expressionism.

Needles and Cribs: Becoming a First-time Mother and Starting Industrial Homework in Early Twentieth-century Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-353
Author(s):  
Malin Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Event History ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
First Child ◽  
Becoming A Mother ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Empirical Material

This article investigates the relationship between labor force transitions and becoming a mother in the early twentieth century. It aims to answer the question: did women start industrial homework when they had their first child? The empirical material consists of 588 interviews made with individual industrial homeworkers in 1911. Event history models were used to analyze the data. The study found that many of the industrial homeworkers did start around the time they had their first child. The results thus suggest that in the early twentieth century, having a child did not always imply making a labor force transition out of the labor force but could also imply making a labor force transition to flexible types of employment, just as it often does today.

Introduction

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ada Rapoport-Albert
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
Feminist Revolution ◽  
Scholarly Discourse

This chapter looks at the notion of how the hasidic movement brought about a feminist revolution in Judaism. It mentions the twentieth-century historian of Hasidism named S. A. Horodetsky, who first claimed that the Hasidic movement endowed women with complete equality in the religious life that are expressed in a variety of hasidic innovations. It also discusses women's direct, personal relationship with the rebbe or tsadik that established a new equality between the sexes within the family and the community. The chapter covers the breakdown of the educational barrier of Hebrew and the language of traditional scholarly discourse in the male world of Torah learning. It argues how hasidism has remained predominantly the preserve of men in the early twentieth century.

THE ANXIETIES OF TIME IN THE SOCIAL LYRICS OF KYAZIM MECHIEV

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
T.Sh. BITTIROVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Time

This article aims to determine the place of the topic of social justice in the work of the classic of Karachai-Balkarian literature Kyazim Mechiev and the forms of its artistic embodiment. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time the poet's social lyrics are viewed in a broad historical context, in relation to the chronotope. The results obtained showed the scale of the poet's thinking, his sensitivity to historical and political transformations in the life of highland society. The work establishes how the events of the early twentieth century are refracted through the author's worldview and what place the theme of social protest occupies in the poetic heritage of the classic of Karachai-Balkarian literature K.B. Mechiev. Analyzed the poems of K. Mechiev, dedicated to the pre-revolutionary and revolutionary events, the civil war, their accordance to historical realities. The article reveals the depth and scale of reflection of the challenges of the time in the poet's work, his pain, despair and hope.

scholarly journals ‘Speaking Kleinian’: Susan Isaacs as Ursula Wise and the Inter-War Popularisation of Psychoanalysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Shapira
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Melanie Klein ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Child Caregivers ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

How did the complex concepts of psychoanalysis become popular in early twentieth-century Britain? This article examines the contribution of educator and psychoanalyst Susan Isaacs (1885–1948) to this process, as well as her role as a female expert in the intellectual and medical history of this period. Isaacs was one of the most influential British psychologists of the inter-war era, yet historical research on her work is still limited. The article focuses on her writing as ‘Ursula Wise’, answering the questions of parents and nursery nurses in the popular journalNursery World, from 1929 to 1936. Researched in depth for the first time, Isaacs’ important magazine columns reveal that her writing was instrumental in disseminating the work of psychoanalyst Melanie Klein in Britain. Moreover, Isaacs’ powerful rebuttals to behaviourist, disciplinarian parenting methods helped shift the focus of caregivers to the child’s perspective, encouraging them to acknowledge children as independent subjects and future democratic citizens. Like other early psychoanalysts, Isaacs was not an elitist; she was in fact committed to disseminating her ideas as broadly as possible. Isaacs taught British parents and child caregivers to ‘speak Kleinian’, translating Klein’s intellectual ideas into ordinary language and thus enabling their swift integration into popular discourse.

scholarly journals Female mascarons in the architecture of the Lviv secession

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiya Kukil
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Artistic Image

An important role in the formation of the architectural style of Lviv was played by the beginning of the twentieth century. As the capital of Galicia, which at that time belonged politically to the Austrian Empire, Lviv was strongly influenced by the Austrian Secession and the head of the Vienna School of Architecture O. Wagner. Nevertheless, the Lviv architecture, to a certain extent, has preserved its originality and uniqueness. Secession is a phenomenon of the Lviv architecture of the early twentieth century. It determines the definition of sculptural decor as one of the main components of the “newest” artistic image of a building. Among the various types of plastic decoration, an important place is occupied by relief masks – mascarons, which are the most mysterious, attractive and bizarre elements of the architecture of the Lviv Secession. The article notes the influence of various factors on the formation of new typological groups of mascarons not found in the architecture of previous eras. The artistic images of secession arise at the intersection of two key symbols and constant themes of art nouveau – eternal femininity and fabulous nature.

Charley Patton

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Recorded Music ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Black Man ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bear Witness

Fifty years after Charley Patton's death in 1934, a team of blues experts gathered five thousand miles from Dockery Farms at the University of Liege in Belgium to honor the life and music of the most influential artist of the Mississippi Delta blues. This book brings together essays from that international symposium on Charley Patton and Mississippi blues traditions, influences, and comparisons. Originally published by Presses Universitaires de Liège in Belgium, this edition has been revised and updated with a new foreword, new images added, and some chapters translated into English for the first time. Patton's personal life and his recorded music bear witness to how he endured and prevailed in his struggle as a black man during the early twentieth century. Within this book, that story offers hope and wonder. Organized in two parts, the chapters create an invaluable resource on the life and music of this early master. The book secures the legacy of Charley Patton as the fountainhead of Mississippi Delta blues.

scholarly journals ONE IDENTITY FROM PROHIBITED LITERATURE

Keruen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (68) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Zh. Zekenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Original Manuscript ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
First Time

The article considers the life and work of one of the poets of literature of the early twentieth century, Baybatyr Yerzhanuly, whose years of birth and death have not yet been fully specified and defined. Based on the available archival documents and reasonable information provided by the descendants of the poet, it was found that Baybatyr was born in 1897 in the former Kyzylzhar (now North Kazakhstan Region) and died in 1939. It was revealed that in 1935 the poet was arrested by the East Kazakhstan Military District (Military Commissariat of the regional administration), and an investigation was carried out on him. In a collection of literature of the early twentieth century, published in 1994, in an article about Baybatyr Yerzhanov, the scientist Zh. Tilepov, referring to the opinion of the journalist Seyten Sauytbekov, claims that Baybatyr was born in the South Kazakhstan region. It was found that this idea was presented a bit hastily. Archival data and manuscripts relating to the life and work of the writer are submitted to the public for the first time. For example, the original manuscript of his such books as “Get up, Kazakh!”, “Love for learning”, were found in the written letter based on the Arabic script “It is embraced with death” together with one chapter of the work “For the Collective Farm”, death certificate, questionnaire, completed by the poet’s handwriting during the investigation. Based on the collected material, the biography of the poet was supplemented. The article found and revealed that the poet had two sons and one daughter, as well as his wife Marjan, and that along with teaching and editorial work, he combined poetry, writing and journalistic skills.

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