scholarly journals THERMAL DEGRADATION OF THE AGROINDUSTRIAL RESIDUES BY THERMOGRAVIMETRY AND CALORIMETRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-349
Author(s):  
Luana Elís de Ramos e Paula ◽  
Paulo Fernando Trugilho ◽  
Raphael Nogueira Rezende ◽  
Pedro Castro Neto ◽  
Vássia Carvalho Soares
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Plant Stem

LUANA ELÍS DE RAMOS E PAULA1, PAULO FERNANDO TRUGILHO2, RAPHAEL NOGUEIRA REZENDE3, PEDRO CASTRO NETO4, VÁSSIA CARVALHO SOARES5   1Departamento de Engenharia, UFLA, Praça Prof. Edmir Sá Santos, S/N, Campus Universitário, CEP:37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected]. 2Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, UFLA, Praça Prof. Edmir Sá Santos, S/N, Campus Universitário, CEP:37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected]. 3Câmpus Muzambinho, IFSULDEMINAS, Estrada de Muzambinho, S/N, Bairro - Morro Preto, Muzambinho, CEP: 37890-000, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected]. 4Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, UFLA, Praça Prof. Edmir Sá Santos, S/N, Campus Universitário, CEP:37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected]. 5Câmpus Bambuí, IFMG, Rodovia Bambuí/Medeiros, Fazenda Varginha – km 05, CEP: 38900-000, Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected].   ABSTRACT: Vegetal residues, in general, have variable characteristics and caloric values, difficulty in combustion control and relatively fast burning. Thus, indicating certain materials for energy production, there is a need for thermal analysis studies. The aim of this work was evaluating by thermal analysis the behavior of agro industrial residues for energy production. Coffee bean parchment and coffee plant stem residues; bean stem and pod; soybean stem and pod; rice husk; corn leaf, stem, straw and cob; sugar cane straw and bagasse; wood processing (planer shavings and sawdust); elephant grass stem and leaf; and coconut husk were submitted to thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric. The results indicated that the presented residues has potential for energy production; the highest energy peaks occurring around 350 °C; the temperature range of greatest mass loss was 250-350 °C and coconut husk was more resistant to thermal decomposition.   Keywords: energy, biomass, lignocellulosic residues.   DEGRADAÇÃO TÉRMICA DE RESÍDUOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS POR MEIO DE TERMOGRAVIMETRIA E CALORIMETRIA   RESUMO: Os resíduos vegetais, em geral, possuem características e valores calóricos variáveis, dificuldade no controle da combustão e queima relativamente rápida. Assim, para indicar certos materiais para produção de energia, é necessário estudar sua análise térmica. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de resíduos agroindustriais mediante análise térmica visando à produção de energia. Os resíduos pergaminho do grão e caule do cafeeiro; caule e vagem do feijão; caule e vagem da soja; casca de arroz; folha, caule, palha e sabugo de milho; palha e bagaço da cana-de-açúcar; resíduos do processamento da madeira (serragem e maravalha); caule e folha do capim-elefante e casca do coco-da-baía foram submetidos à análise termogravimétrica e de calorimetria exploratória diferencial. Com os resultados pode-se concluir que os resíduos apresentaram potencial para produção energética; os maiores picos de energia ocorrem por volta de 350 °C; a faixa de temperatura de maior perda de massa foi 250 - 350 °C e a casca de coco foi o material de maior resistência à decomposição térmica.   Palavras-chaves: energia, biomassa, resíduos lignocelulósicos.

scholarly journals Characterization of residues from plant biomass for use in energy generation

CERNE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Elis de Ramos e Paula ◽  
Paulo Fernando Trugilho ◽  
Alfredo Napoli ◽  
Maria Lúcia Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Plant Stem

The use of plant residues for energy purposes is already a reality, yet in order to ensure suitability and recommend a given material as being a good energy generator, it is necessary to characterize the material through chemical analysis and determine its calorific value. This research aimed to analyze different residues from plant biomass, characterizing them as potential sources for energy production. For the accomplishment of this study, the following residues were used: wood processing residue (sawdust and planer shavings); coffee bean parchment and coffee plant stem; bean stem and pod; soybean stem and pod; rice husk; corn leaf, stem, straw and cob; and sugar cane straw and bagasse. For residue characterization the following analyses were done: chemical analysis, immediate chemical analysis, calorific value and elemental analysis. All procedures were conducted at the Laboratory of Forest Biomass Energy of the Federal University of Lavras. In general, all residues showed potential for energetic use. Rice husk was found to have higher lignin content, which is an interesting attribute as far as energy production is concerned. Its high ash content, however, led to a reduction in calorific value and fixed carbon. The remaining residues were found to have similar energetic characteristics, with corn cob showing greater calorific value, followed by coffee plant stem, both also containing higher levels of carbon and fixed carbon. A high correlation was found of higher calorific value with volatile materials, carbon and hydrogen contents.

A Nano-SiO2 Form-Stable Phase Change Material for Building Thermal Energy Conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Wei Jun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Time Service

A stable form-phase change materials (PCM), based on capric-lauric acid eutectic served as the absorption material and the support of nano-silica material to prepare by sol-gel method. The best ratio capric-lauric acid eutectic combination is determined for 60 wt. %. Capillarity because of the influence of the hydrogen bonding, fatty acid and eutectic can be fixed in the three dimensional network structure of the construction of the silicon atom bonds and O still so solid sample melting point composite heating more fatty acid eutectic. Form and chemical properties of the composite phase change the transmission electron microscope, semi and Fourier transform infrared method.- Differential scanning calorimetric hot method is used for measuring phase transition temperature and phase change of latent heat composite, value 19.57 and 71.28 J/g , respectively. At the same time, service performance and other composite material thermal stability and thermal conductivity coefficient test using thermo gravimetric analysis and transient hotline method, respectively.

scholarly journals The influence of VO2(B) nanobelts on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifu Zhang ◽  
Xianfang Tan ◽  
Changgong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Vanadium Dioxide ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric

Abstract The influence of vanadium dioxide VO2(B) on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) has not been reported before. In this contribution, the effect of VO2(B) nanobelts on the thermal decomposition of AP was investigated by the Thermo- Gravimetric Analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). VO2(B) nanobelts were hydrothermally prepared using peroxovanadium (V) complexes, ethanol and water as starting materials. The thermal decomposition temperatures of AP in the presence of I wt.%, 3 wt.% and 6 wt.% of as-obtained VO2<B) nanobelts were reduced by 39 °C. 62 °C and 74 °C, respectively. The results indicated that VO2(B) nanobelts had a great influence on the thermal decomposition temperature of AP Furthermore, the influence of the corresponding V2Os, which was obtained by thermal treatment of VO2(B) nanobelts, on the thermal decomposition of AP was also investigated. The resufs showed that VO2(B) nanobelts had a greater influence on the thermal decomposition temperature of AP than that of V2Os.

Effect of ZrO2 Nanofiller on the Physical Properties of Epoxy Composites: Mechanical, Thermal and Dielectric

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-435
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Zirconia Nanoparticles

Abstract: In this present work, Zirconia nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation method, Zirconium Oxychloride (ZrOCl2.8H2O) and ammonia (NH3) as starting materials. The synthesized Zirconia nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and the grain size in nanoscale was confirmed. The sheets of neat epoxy resin and epoxy with addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles are primed by solution casting method. The structures of epoxy polymer and hardener were found out using FTIR analysis. The thermal properties were analyzed using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Thermo gravimetric analysis has been employed to investigate the thermal characteristics and their mode of thermal degradation. Differential thermal analysis has been used to determine the glass transition temperature of epoxy nanocomposites. The mechanical properties like tensile and flexural studies were analyzed and thus influences of nanofiller loading on these parameters were found to be very low. Keywords: Epoxy, ZrO2 nanoparticles, Nanocomposites, Thermal stability, Dielectric properties, Tensile strength, Flexural strength.

ANNEALING AND PHOTOINDUCED EFFECTS IN ELECTROCHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED Hg-1212 FILMS

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (27) ◽  
pp. 4021-4046
Author(s):  
D. D. SHIVAGAN ◽  
P. M. SHIRAGE ◽  
S. H. PAWAR ◽  
TANAY SETH ◽  
D. P. AMALNERKAR
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Superconducting Properties ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Flowing Oxygen

The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) of the as-deposited and electrochemically oxidized Hg 1 Ba 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 6+δ( Hg -1212) samples were carried out in air, flowing oxygen and nitrogen environment in order to estimate the thermal decomposition temperature and hence to maintain the annealing temperature and atmosphere. After annealing, electrochemically synthesized films showed an increase in Tc from 104.7 K to 119 K and Jc values from 1.43×103 to 4.3×103 A/cm 2. Electrochemically oxidized Hg -1212 films in under-, optimally- and over-doped states were irradiated with a Red He – Ne laser (2mW) and the Tc was found to increase from 104.7 K to 106 K and Jc from 1.43×103 to 1.89×103 A/cm 2. The effects of annealing and photo-irradiation on structural, microstructural and superconducting properties of electrochemically synthesized Hg-1212 films were investigated and discussed in detail in this paper.

scholarly journals The Influence of Thermal Behaviour to Composites Based on Cotton Tissue and Unsaturated Polyester Resin

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Virgil Geaman ◽  
Mihai Alin Pop ◽  
Irinel Radomir ◽  
Augustin Semenescu ◽  
Bogdan Florea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Expansion Temperature

The work focuses some experimental aspects concerning the weight gain, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), dilatometer analysis (DIL) and thermo - gravimetric analysis (TG/DTA) for a composite material, based on cotton tissue and unsaturated polyester resin noted MCTDBN and immersed in salt water with 5% NaCl for 90 days. Following these analyzes are emphasized the thermal expansion, temperature glass transition and thermal decomposition. Before of thermal analysis, the treated specimens were dried in an oven at temperature of 30�C for several days. The paper presents also the effect of salt solution treatment and comparative analysis between untreated and treated composites.

scholarly journals Effect of Chemical Treatment on Thermal Properties of Jute Fiber Used in Polymer Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Sweety Shahinur ◽  
Mahbub Hasan ◽  
Qumrul Ahsan ◽  
Julfikar Haider
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis

In recent years, natural fibers, such as jute has gained significant research interest in order to fabricate fiber reinforced polymer composites. Chemical treatments are generally carried out on the raw fibers for making composites with improved properties. From a composite manufacturing point of view, it is important to understand how the treatments can affect the thermal properties of the jute fiber. In the present research, the effects of rot-retardant, fire-retardant and water-retardant treatments on thermal properties of the jute fiber were investigated. Fiber samples were collected from the middle portion of whole jute fiber. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis were subsequently conducted on the jute fiber for thermal characterization. The results demonstrated a lower thermal decomposition temperature in the case of fire-retardant treated jute fiber but higher residue at above 400 °C, as compared to the raw and other treated fibers. In general, it was found that chemically treated fibers absorbed less heat, in contrast to the raw jute fiber and heat flow became negative in all cases of the treated fibers. This study provides important information about the thermal properties of the treated jute fibers for manufacturing polymer-based composite materials.

scholarly journals Structure formation and properties of thermochemically modified silicate-sodium compositions

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 02030
Author(s):  
Yuri Ivaschenko ◽  
Maria Kochergina ◽  
Irina Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Zinc Acetate ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Zinc Acetate Dihydrate ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Fluid ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray

Modern methods allow to improve the functional properties of silicate-sodium compositions. Increased water resistance primarily will allow their use in construction. The article presents the results of the study of modified silicate-sodium compositions by X-ray phase analysis, differential thermal analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis. An organic zinc-containing compound, zinc acetate dihydrate, which is introduced into the binder in the form of a concentrated aqueous fluid, was used as a modifier. Using X-ray analysis, it was shown that in the hardening system “silicate-sodium binder an aqueous fluid of zinc acetate” in the temperature range 110-450°C various forms of hydroxides, silicates and zinc silicates are formed. In addition, at T = 450°C, only “traces” of ZnO were detected, and the crystalline phase of the hardly soluble zinc metasilicate ZnSiO3 prevailed. The results of the study of modified samples by thermal analysis indicate the processes of thermal decomposition of the modifying additive in the binder system and indicate the possible formation of a new crystalline phase (ZnSiO3) at a temperature of 440-450°C. It was revealed that temperature treatment of modified samples in the range of 440-450°C leads to a more significant increase in water resistance (by 25-28%) than during low-temperature curing (by 20-23%).

Synthesis of α-Alumina Powder Obtained from Irradiated Pseudoboehmites

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio H. Munhoz ◽  
Renato Meneghetti Peres ◽  
Sonia B. Faldini ◽  
Leonardo Gondim Andrade e Silva ◽  
Amanda Abati Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
X Ray

The alumina powder was obtained through a technique based on firing irradiated pseudoboehmites powder to study the radiation effects in the alumina properties. The electron beam radiation effect in a pseudoboehmite produced by sol-gel synthesis was investigated, using aluminum chloride and ammonium hydroxide as precursors. The addition of poly(vinyl alcohol) ([C2H3OH]n) solution (8 wt% in water) was also analyzed. The aluminum chloride solution was mixed with the polyvinyl alcohol and the mixture was dropped into an ammonium hydroxide solution. The work presents the effects of pseudoboehmite radiation in the structure of alumina. The alumina was obtained by pseudoboehmite calcinations. The milky-white colloidal pseudoboehmite precipitate obtained by sol-gel method was filtered, washed with distilled water, dried at 70°C, and powdered in a mortar. The sample acquired was calcined 4 hours at 1100oC, and after that X-ray powder diffraction was performed. The well defined α-alumina crystal was obtained from 1100oC treatment for some samples. The X-ray powder diffraction data shows that in some irradiated samples calcined at 1100o C for four hours presented θ-alumina and -alumina. The powder dried at 70o C was also examined by thermal analysis. The Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Thermal analysis (DTA) were used to evaluate mass loss and the pseudoboehmite endothermic and exothermic transformations. The samples were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy technique

Oxidation Processes and Phase Changes in Metastable Al-Ti Mechanical Alloys

2003 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Zhu ◽  
Mirko Schoenitz ◽  
Edward L. Dreizin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Oxidation Step ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACTOxidation of Al-Ti mechanical alloys with Ti concentrations from 5 to 25 at% was studied and compared to the oxidation of Al powders using thermal analysis in the temperature range of 300–1500 °C in oxygen. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) with simultaneous thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to monitor phase changes and oxidation reactions. Intermediate reaction products were recovered at different temperatures and analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Oxidation of all samples occurred stepwise. The temperature of the first oxidation step for Al-Ti mechanical alloys correlates with the exothermic formation of the Al3Ti intermetallic at T>700 °C and has a higher rate and greater degree of oxidation than the first oxidation step observed for pure aluminum. The second and third oxidation steps in mechanical alloys and aluminum occur at higher temperatures and both appear to be controlled by changes in the permeability of the Al2O3 films. The effect of the Al2O3 film becomes less noticeable at increased Ti concentrations.

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