scholarly journals Forest fragmentation in the landscape in the Atlantic Forest Biome: A systematic review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephany Diolino Cunha ◽  
Bruna Sampaio Crivilin ◽  
Matheus da Silva Araújo ◽  
Luís Antônio Coimbra Borges
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Landscape Ecology ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Forest Biome ◽  
Degree Of Fragmentation

Forest fragmentation is defined as the process by which a continuous area of habitat is reduced in size and divided between spaces. Therefore, due to the increase in these areas, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature on forest fragments in the Atlantic Forest biome in order to verify their main characteristics and landscape ecology. Publications in search platforms referring to the period from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed such as: SciELO, Google academic and CAPES journals portal. The search terms entered were: “Studies of forest fragments in the Atlantic Forest biome” and “Landscape ecology in forest fragments”. A total of 15 articles were selected from among the works found, and 5 of these were chosen to be evaluated in the present study. Four of the five works were carried out in the state of Espírito Santo, close to basins and sub-basins, and only one work was carried out in a state park. Thus, the evaluated works with the theme, study of fragmentation and ecology of the landscape showed a high degree of fragmentation, meaning that they have fragments smaller than 5 hectares; in addition, all fragments have an irregular edge effect. Therefore, measures aimed at the conservation of biodiversity are needed in all places so that there is ecological restoration of the landscape and conservation of fauna and flora in the Atlantic Forest biome. 

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Injury Profile of Circus Artists: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEG Wolfenden ◽  
M Angioi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Preventative Intervention ◽  
Item Checklist ◽  
Preventative Interventions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Injury Definition

BACKGROUND: The circus arts involve a high degree of acrobatic, athletic, and aesthetic ability with extreme physical demands placed on performers. An understanding of the injury profile is required to guide prevention. AIM: To provide the first systematic review to enhance understanding of circus-related injuries and to provide a foundation for future preventative intervention. METHODS: MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from conception to March 2016 using key search terms relating to circus artists and injury. Studies were limited to English-language human studies and included all levels and ages of circus artists. Risk of bias was assessed using a novel seven-item checklist based on the STROBE statement. RESULTS: Eight studies of varying design, populations, outcomes, and quality were analysed. Results suggest that the injury rate is relatively low among professional circus artists at 7.37 to 9.27/1,000 artist exposures. The spine and ankle are frequently injured, and most injuries are to soft tissue structures. In the professional setting, injuries appear minor, resulting in few treatments, few missed or altered performances, and a low risk of re-injury. CONCLUSIONS: The spine and ankle should be targeted for preventative interventions in circus artists due to their high frequency of injury. The heterogeneity of studies included in this review highlights the need for consistency within future research, particularly in terms of injury definition and outcome measurements.

scholarly journals Effect of Land Cover Change on Atlantic Forest Fragmentation in Rio Largo, Al, Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Lucas Galdino da Silva ◽  
Arthur Costa Falcão Tavares ◽  
Carlos Frederico Lins E. Silva Brandão ◽  
João Pedro dos Santos Verçosa ◽  
Raquel Elvira Cola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Digital Format

This study's objective was to analyze the effect of land cover change, between 1965 and 2018, using statistical metrics and geoprocessing tools. And consequently, to provide information of area (ha) and spatial fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Rio Largo/AL, Brazil. The samples were collected and transferred by CECA, CADEH, and INCRA, between November 2019 and April 2020. The basic materials used in this work were multi-temporal aerial images in digital format, derived from the 1965 aerophotogrametric survey on the scale 1:25000, belonging to the collection of the Engineering and Agrarian Sciences Campus - UFAL, and images of Landsat satellites (5 and 8) processed and made available by the Mapbiomas Project. The statistic landscape metrics were calculated using Landscape ecology Statistics (LECOs), a QGIS plugin. The analysis of forest fragmentation areas over the 53 years showed a reduction between 32.17% (1965) and 12.04% (2018) concerning the total extension of the municipality. In 1965, the average area obtained from 49 fragments was 201.13 ha. The values show a higher distance of forest fragments between 1965 and 1989, and disappearance by 2018.The Pearson correlation coefficient for 1965 and 2018 presented the value of r = -0.525, indicating a moderate and negative correlation between the mean values of areas (ha) of forest fragments and the number of forest fragments. The worst-case scenario for the maintenance of native forests occurred in 1989, where the reduction of continuous forest areas had 10.87 ha for forest area average, being spaced in 327 fragments. In the period 1986 and 1996, there was a decrease in fragmentation, reaching 200 fragments. In 1996 and 1997, there was an imbalance in forest maintenance, again increasing the number of fragments to 250 areas, and being explained by the loosening of surveillance in previous years, followed by deforestation.

Eating Disorders in Non-Dance Performing Artists: A Systematic Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna E Kapsetaki ◽  
Charlie Easmon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Search Terms

PURPOSE: Previous literature on dancers and athletes has shown a large impact of eating disorders (EDs) on these individuals, but there is limited research on EDs affecting non-dance performing artists (i.e., musicians, actors, etc.). This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the literature on EDs in non-dance performing artists. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed on 24 databases, using search terms related to EDs and non-dance performing artists. All results from the databases were systematically screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: The initial search returned 86,383 total articles, which after screening and removal of duplicates and irrelevant papers yielded 129 results. After screening the 129 full-text results for eligibility, 10 studies met criteria for inclusion: 6 papers addressed EDs in musicians, and 4 papers addressed EDs in theatre performers. Most studies used questionnaires and body mass index (BMI) as diagnostic tools for EDs. Most were small-scale studies and participants were mostly students. Because of the studies’ heterogeneity and varying quality, the results obtained were often contradictory and questionable. CONCLUSIONS: Although there has been a lot of literature in dancers, we found relatively few studies associating EDs with other performing artists, and most were inconsistent in their information.

scholarly journals Identificação de Fragmentos Florestais Potencias para a delimitação de Corredores Ecológicos na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Itapemirim, ES por meio técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Ivo Augusto Lopes Magalhaes ◽  
Carlos Roberto Lima Thiago ◽  
Alexandre Rosa Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Ecological Corridors ◽  
Spatial Attributes ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
High Degree

Os corredores ecológicos surgem como alternativa para mitigar os efeitos da fragmentação florestal permitindo entre eles o fluxo gênico de fauna e flora e a recolonização de áreas degradadas. Diante do exposto o presente estudo teve como objetivo, identificar para a bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim, ES, por meio de metodologia desenvolvida em Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, a delimitação de corredores ecológicos que propiciem a interligação de fragmentos florestais, identificados mediante análise das métricas da paisagem como fragmentos florestais com atributos espaciais, que sugerem maior conservação. A metodologia consistiu no mapeamento dos fragmentos florestais por meio de técnicas de classificação supervisionada utilizando imagem do satélite LANDSAT 8 OLI, obtidas junto ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. Realizou-se o cálculo dos índices de ecologia, por meio do software ArcGis 10.2, com a extensão de domínio público V-LATER 2.0. Identificou-se 11.749 fragmentos florestais, que representam 22% de cobertura florestal na bacia hidrográfica. Os fragmentos pequenos (< 5 ha) foram encontrados em maior número, 8.394, seguidos pelos fragmentos de tamanho médio (5 a 50 ha), 2.995, e grandes (> 50 ha), 360. O número de fragmentos apresentaram relação inversa com sua contribuição na área. O bioma Mata Atlântica presente na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim, é representado, em sua maioria, por fragmentos florestais pequenos, menores que 5 ha, indicando um alto grau de fragmentação.  Identification of Forest Fragments Potential for the delimitation of Ecological Corridors in the Itapemirim, ES River Basin through Remote Sensing techniques A B S T R A C TEcological corridors emerge as an alternative to mitigate the effects of forest fragmentation, allowing for the gene flow of fauna and flora and the recolonization of degraded areas. Given the above, the present study aimed to identify, for the Itapemirim river basin, ES, through a methodology developed in Geographic Information Systems, the delimitation of ecological corridors that allow the interconnection of forest fragments, identified through the analysis of the metrics. landscape as forest fragments with spatial attributes, which suggest greater conservation. The methodology consisted of mapping forest fragments by supervised classification techniques using LANDSAT 8 OLI satellite imagery, obtained from the National Institute for Space Research. Ecology indices were calculated using the ArcGis 10.2 software, with the public domain extension V-LATER 2.0. A total of 11,749 forest fragments were identified, representing 22% of forest cover in the watershed. Smaller fragments (<5 ha) were found in larger numbers, 8,394, followed by medium sized fragments (5 to 50 ha), 2,995, and large fragments (> 50 ha), 360. The number of fragments was inversely related to their size. contribution in the area. The Atlantic Forest biome present in the Itapemirim river basin is mostly represented by small forest fragments, smaller than 5 ha, indicating a high degree of fragmentation.Keywords: Indexes of landscape ecology, Atlantic Forest, Geoprocessing.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Forest Fragmentation in the Atlantic Forest Bioma Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Juliana Marchesan ◽  
Rudiney Soares Pereira ◽  
Elisiane Alba ◽  
Letícia Daiane Pedrali
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
R Language

The goal of this work was to calculate landscape ecology metrics using the R language, allowing the analysis of forest fragments under the Atlantic Forest domain located in the sub-basin of Arroio Jaquirana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For the mapping of the forest fragments, we used images from the REIS/RapidEye sensor dated 2016, and the classification was supervised through the Bhattacharya algorithm. The fragments were analyzed in seven size classes, to separate them and to calculate the landscape metrics it was used R language. The results attained demonstrated that the native forest occupied 34.01% of the study area, covering a total of 1,995 fragments, of which 93.43% were less than 5 ha. The highest values of edge and perimeter-area ratio were found in the small fragments indicating a greater edge effect, with the central areas of these remnants being exposed to the external matrix effects. Thus, it is concluded that the Atlantic Forest is highly fragmented and is extremely important to establish measures to minimize the effects and/or increase the connectivity between the fragments through ecological corridors using the smaller fragments, in addition, it makes necessary the development of public policies and research for the management of the region in order to preserve the remnants.

scholarly journals Soil quality indicators in areas with different vegetation cover in the Atlantic Forest biome, Southeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Fernado Silva Coutinho ◽  
Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Shirlei Almeida Assunção ◽  
Silver Rodrigues Zandoná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Humic Fractions ◽  
Forest Biome

The southeast region of Brazil, in the Atlantic Forest biome, has been impacted for a long time, observing today small agricultural areas inserted in a matrix of pastures and forest fragments, the soils being highly modified due to the different forms of use they were submitted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the organic carbon content in the humic fractions on soil organic matter (SOM), the distribution of aggregates in size classes and the porosity and aggregates density variables by means of computed tomography in secondary forest, pasture and agriculture areas in Pinheiral (RJ). Three areas composed of secondary forests with different succession stages and three managed areas were evaluated: Secondary Forest (SF) Initial Stage (SFIS), Medium Stage (SFMS), Advanced Stage (SFAS), mixed managed pasture (MMP), and perennial and annual agriculture (PA and AA, respectively). Three types of samples were collected in different layers: i) deformed samples to quantify carbon in the SOM humic fractions; ii) clods for quantifying the mass of aggregates and later assessing the distribution by diameter classes; and iii) undisturbed samples collected with the aid of an acrylic cylinder to perform computed tomography (CT). Humic substances and aggregate classes below 2.0 mm were the attributes most influenced by the forms of use and/or vegetation cover. The CT technique proved to be efficient in the measurement of the edaphic attribute’s porosity and density of the aggregates, helping in the characterization and separation of the different environments.

scholarly journals Analysis of Forest Fragmentation in Areas of the Atlantic Forest Biome from Various Sensor Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-396
Author(s):  
R. R. SILVA ◽  
E. ALBA ◽  
J. MARCHESAN ◽  
M. M. ZIEMBOWICZ ◽  
R. S. PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Forest Biome

Dhat Syndrome: A Systematic Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Udina ◽  
H. Foulon ◽  
D. Corcoles ◽  
L. Rodriguez ◽  
S. Battacharyya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Language Restriction ◽  
High Degree

Background:Dhat syndrome is a widely recognized clinical condition from the Indian subcontinent characterized by a preoccupation with semen loss in urine and other symptoms such as fatigue or depressed mood. This condition has been considered to be a culture-bound syndrome, and may be considered to be a culturally manifestation of depression or anxiety.Aims:The purpose of this paper was to perform a systematic review of published literature on Dhat syndrome.Methods:A review of the literature on Dhat syndrome until July 2008, without any language restriction was conducted by a search of the MEDLINE and PsycLIT indexing services using the following key words:Dhat syndrome, semen loss anxiety and loss of semen syndrome. Inclusion criteria were any case-control or cross-over study.Results:Twenty-three studies were identified, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. There were 8 cross-over and 2 case-control studies. The reviewed studies included a total number of 680 cases and 93 controls. Patients included in these studies were mostly unmarried, young males (25.4 years old;18-45 years) from a poor socio-economic status. Majority of the studies involved patients from the Indian subcontinent. Some studies reported concomitant depressive symptoms (50%), anxiety (40%), fatigue (30%) and sexual problems (40%). Only 4 studies reported information about treatment (psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy).Conclusions:There was a high degree of heterogeneity among the studies reviewed. In conclusion, Dhat syndrome appears to be commonly associated with depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms. More studies are warranted related to the various treatment approaches for this condition.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Conopophaga lineata (Conopophagidae) (Wied-Neuwied, 1831) in Atlantic Forest fragments

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4 suppl) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
GPM. Dantas ◽  
FR. Santos ◽  
MA. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Bird Populations

Forest fragmentation affects bird populations in many ways, modifying the composition of communities and favouring open country species. The Atlantic Forest is considered one of the most important biomes in the world, due to its great biodiversity, accelerated rates of deforestation, and high endemism. Despite these characteristics, few studies have evaluated the effects of forest fragmentation in the genetic structure of Atlantic forest bird populations. So, this study aims to verify the effects of forest fragmentation in the genetic population structure of Conopophaga lineata, through RAPD markers. To achieve this goal, 89 C. lineata individuals were captured in nine Atlantic Forest fragments in Minas Gerais State. The RAPD data indicate that forest fragmentation has not affected the genetic variation of C. lineata populations (Mann-Whitney U = 3.50; p = 0.11). Great part of the genetic variability of this species is found within populations and it was not observed a correlation between genetic and geographic distance (Mantel test t = 0.6250; p = 073). UPGMA analyses did not show defined clades and all branches showed low statistical support. The low population differentiation observed in this species can be due to a high gene flow among populations or a recent fragmentation. Thus, the current diversity status of C. lineata populations indicates that this species is not significantly affected by fragmentation. However, more genetic studies are essential to improve conservation strategies of Brazilian Atlantic Forest birds.

scholarly journals Evaluation practices in the field of Food and Nutrition

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-407
Author(s):  
Max Felipe Vianna GASPARINI ◽  
Alessandro BIGONI ◽  
Maria Angélica Tavares de MEDEIROS ◽  
Juarez Pereira FURTADO
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
Food And Nutrition

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize and analyze the different existing methods for the evaluation of food and nutrition programs and services in Brazil, through a systematic review of the literature focused on complete articles published in national indexed journals. We searched the PubMed, MedLine and LILACS databases using the following search terms and Boolean operators: “evaluation and program”; “project”; “intervention”; “servisse”; “actions and nutrition”; “nutritional”. The research was restricted to articles written in Portuguese, English and Spanish and published between 2001 and 2015. Twenty-two studies were selected and the analysis indicates; most were carried out through quantitative approaches and external evaluations based on epidemiological theory; participatory evaluation strategies are still uncommon; Impact assessments and implementation were predominant; there is little diversity in terms of references to the theoretical framework in the field of evaluation of health care programs in the planning and execution of the evaluation processes analyzed. The results of this study indicate the need for a more comprehensive evaluation considering the complexity of the interventions evaluated using the theoretical-methodological apparatus available in the literature to understand the importance of the different perspectives of the agents involved in the evaluation processes.

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