Bodies, Objects, and the Significance of Things in Early Middle English Reclusion: An Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Sauer ◽  
Jenny C. Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Ancrene Wisse ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Medieval Christianity

This essay traces the history of the “materialist movement” in medieval studies, working chronologically and thematically to provide a full context for the coedited volume as a whole. Having established the tradition, Bledsoe and Sauer tackle an expanded definition of materiality, one that includes voice and embodiment and sensory input, thereby centering not only objects, but also the many interactions of bodies and objects. This more complete vocabulary of materiality is applied to medieval Christianity, particularly reclusion and monasticism. Also providing an overview of the anchoritic vocation and major texts under consideration, including Ancrene Wisse, Bledsoe and Sauer engage with the principles underpinning their collected volume of essays and outline its connected themes and methodologies. Finally, the authors suggest several future directions for studies, including other possible extensions of materiality as well as additional geographical and cultural dimensions.

Media Hot and Cold

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Starosielski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Media ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
First Century ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control

In Media Hot and Cold Nicole Starosielski examines the cultural dimensions of temperature to theorize the ways heat and cold can be used as a means of communication, subjugation, and control. Diving into the history of thermal media, from infrared cameras to thermostats to torture sweatboxes, Starosielski explores the many meanings and messages of temperature. During the twentieth century, heat and cold were broadcast through mass thermal media. Today, digital thermal media such as bodily air conditioners offer personalized forms of thermal communication and comfort. Although these new media promise to help mitigate the uneven effects of climate change, Starosielski shows how they can operate as a form of biopower by determining who has the ability to control their own thermal environment. In this way, thermal media can enact thermal violence in ways that reinforce racialized, colonial, gendered, and sexualized hierarchies. By outlining how the control of temperature reveals power relations, Starosielski offers a framework to better understand the dramatic transformations of hot and cold media in the twenty-first century.

Animal Rights

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Waldau
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Animal Rights Movement ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

In this compelling volume in the What Everyone Needs to Know series, Paul Waldau expertly navigates the many heated debates surrounding the complex and controversial animal rights movement. Organized around a series of probing questions, this timely resource offers the most complete, even-handed survey of the animal rights movement available. The book covers the full spectrum of issues, beginning with a clear, highly instructive definition of animal rights. Waldau looks at the different concerns surrounding companion animals, wild animals, research animals, work animals, and animals used for food, provides a no-nonsense assessment of the treatment of animals, and addresses the philosophical and legal arguments that form the basis of animal rights. Along the way, readers will gain insight into the history of animal protection-as well as the political and social realities facing animals today-and become familiar with a range of hot-button topics, from animal cognition and autonomy, to attempts to balance animal cruelty versus utility. Chronicled here are many key figures and organizations responsible for moving the animal rights movement forward, as well as legislation and public policy that have been carried out around the world in the name of animal rights and animal protection. The final chapter of this indispensable volume looks ahead to the future of animal rights, and delivers an animal protection mandate for citizens, scientists, governments, and other stakeholders. With its multidisciplinary, non-ideological focus and all-inclusive coverage, Animal Rights represents the definitive survey of the animal rights movement-one that will engage every reader and student of animal rights, animal law, and environmental ethics.

Legal Uses of Anthropology in France in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Audren ◽  
Laetitia Guerlain
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter sheds light on the long-standing history of the relationship between law and the human and social sciences in nineteenth- and twentieth-century France. This story has often been reduced to its most recent and academic development, that is, legal anthropology. However, focusing on this strictly contemporary, academic definition of anthropology risks overlooking the many and varied ways of thinking that, over the past two centuries and more, have shaped the relationship between law and the study of humanity. The authors suggest that such an approach obscures the depth and the variety of forms that this relationship took over time. This chapter documents the various ways that legal scholars in France—over the course of two centuries marked by the rise of codification and legal positivism—drew upon history, philology, ethnology, physical anthropology, and sociology, all in the pursuit of a more profound understanding of homo juridicus.

A Cultural History of Memory in Antiquity

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Remote Past

The ancient world is a paradigm for the memory scholar. Without an awareness that collective memories are not only different from individual memories (or even the sum thereof) but also highly constructed, ancient research will be fundamentally flawed. Many networks of memories are beautifully represented in the written and material remains of antiquity, and it is precisely the ways in which they are fashioned, distorted, preserved or erased through which we can learn about the historical process as such. Our evidence is deeply characterized by the fact that ancient ‘identity’ and ‘memory’ appear exceptionally strong. Responsible for this is a continuing desire to link the present to the remote past, which creates many contexts in which memories were constructed. The ancient historian therefore has the right tools with which to work: places and objects from the past, monuments and iconography, and textual narratives with a primary purpose to memorize and commemorate. This is paired with our desire to understand the ancient world through its own self-perception. With the opportunity of tapping into this world by way of oral history, personal testimonies are a desideratum in all respects. Memory of the past, however, is profoundly about ‘self-understanding’. This volume surveys and builds on the many insights we have gained from vibrant research in the field since Maurice Halbwachs’ and Jan Assmann’s seminal studies on the idea and definition of ‘cultural memory’. While focusing on specific themes all chapters address the concepts and expressions of memory, and their historical impact and utilization by groups and individuals at specific times and for specific reasons.

The History of the Present English Subjunctive

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilo Moessner
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
History Of ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Definition Of

Based on the definition of the subjunctive as a realisation of the grammatical category mood and an expression of the semantic/pragmatic category modality the book presents the first comprehensive and consistent description of the history of the present English subjunctive. It covers the periods Old English (OE), Middle English (ME), and Early Modern English (EModE), and it considers all contruction types in which the subjunctive is attested, namely main clauses, noun clauses, relative clauses, and adverbial clauses. Besides numerically substantiating the well-known hypothesis that the simplification of the verbal syntagm led to a long-term frequency decrease of the subjunctive, it explores the factors which governed its competition with other verbal expressions. The data used for the analysis come from The Helsinki Corpus of English Texts; they comprise nearly half a million words in 91 files. Their analysis was carried out by close reading, and the results of the analysis were processed with the statistical program SPSS. This combined quantitative-qualitative method offers new insights into the research landscape of English subjunctive use and into the fields of historical English linguistics and corpus linguistics.

THE MAKING OF THE MAP: THE ORIGIN AND LESSONS OF THE TEOTIHUACAN MAPPING PROJECT

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Millon ◽  
Jeffrey H. Altschul
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Manner ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

AbstractThe mapping of the ancient city of Teotihuacan was an archaeological project of singular importance in the history of archaeology. In this paper, we discuss the origin and history of the Teotihuacan Mapping Project (TMP) through a series of personal vignettes written by the project's leader, René Millon, which are put into larger context by Jeff Altschul, one of the many students who worked on the project. We examine the characteristics that led to the TMP's successes and its shortcomings and discuss lessons learned that may be of value to planning future big, complex archaeological projects. We argue that above all, a big project needs a big problem to solve. In the case of the TMP, the problem was the origin of the city. Marshaling a team of diverse talents, Millon and his colleagues were able to make many key decisions in ways that successfully overcame problems that had not been heretofore confronted by archaeologists. These decisions include the use of low-altitude aerial photography, the definition of sites to include nonliving urban spaces, the sampling of surface artifacts, strategic test excavations, computerized data management and sophisticated statistical analyses, and a unique manner of publication. Less successful was the project's record in publishing descriptive data. The project's success lay in its ability to take on an important problem and to follow through, even though some tasks required decades to complete and others remain to be completed.

Future of Classification in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2012 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Terence M. Keane ◽  
Mark W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter reviews the status of modifications to the definition of PTSD and proposed changes for DSM-5. We include a brief history of the diagnosis and trace its evolution in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). We discuss some of the current controversies related to the definition of PTSD including its location among the anxiety disorders, the utility of Criterion A and its subcomponents, and the factor structure of the symptoms. We review the rationale for the addition of new symptoms and modifications to existing criteria now and conclude with comments on future directions for research on PTSD.

The Evidence-Based School Counseling Conference: Contexts for Creating Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1b) ◽  
pp. 2156759X1983443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Zyromski ◽  
Carey Dimmitt
Keyword(s):  
School Counseling ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Effective School ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
School Counseling Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Program Components

This special edition of Professional School Counseling presents some of the key proceedings from the sixth annual Evidence-Based School Counseling Conference (EBSCC). The EBSCC exists to provide professional development around effective school counseling program components and interventions, especially related to evidence-based practices and other cutting-edge innovations in school counseling. We offer a brief history of the EBSCC, a definition of evidence-based school counseling, and an overview of the contents of this special issue. Future directions for evidence-based school counseling conclude the article.

Reference materials on Byzantine and Old Slavic music and hymnography

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Christian Hannick
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Greek Scholar

One of the reasons for the neglect of Byzantine music, liturgy and hymnography within medieval studies undoubtedly lies in the difficulty of comprehending the special terminology. The indices in general accounts such as A History of Byzantine Music and Hymnography by Egon Wellesz (Oxford 1/1949, 2/1961), a work still not surpassed, help only those who are already acquainted with the liturgical practice of the Orthodox Church to find a way into the subject. The booklet by Dimitri Conomos, Byzantine Hymnography and Byzantine Chant (Brookline 1984), which is much more modest in scope, constitutes a suitable introduction. We may therefore applaud the initiative of the Greek scholar Georgios Bergotes, professor at the Ecclesiastical Academy in Thessalonika and author of several works in the area of liturgy and church music, who has compiled a Λεξικò λειτουργικν κα τελετουργικν ὅρων (Lexicon of liturgical and teleturgical terms, Thessalonika 1988). In this introduction to teleturgy Bergotes offers a definition of the two terms liturgy and teleturgy as conceived by the Orthodox Church, which help understand the aims and methods of compilation of the lexicon: ‘In the discipline of liturgy the services and festivals of the orthodox rite are investigated from a historical, archeological and theological standpoint, while the discipline of teleturgy engages the same services or festivals from the practical point of view and in their technical aspects.’

scholarly journals Landkort over en samling. Hvad katalogposterne kan fortælle om Otto Thotts håndskriftsamling – og om katalogisering

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Anders Toftgaard
Keyword(s):  
Data Set ◽  
Library System ◽  
Digital Database ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Line ◽  
Digital Library System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
It Revolution

Anders Toftgaard: Mapping a collection. What the catalogue records can tell us about Otto Thott’s manuscript collection and about manuscript cataloguing. This article deals with the manuscript collection of Count Otto Thott (1703-1785) and with manuscript cataloguing. Otto Thott was the single greatest private book collector in the history of Denmark and of inestimable importance for the Royal Danish Library, since he bequeathed his collection of manuscripts (4154 catalogue numbers) and books printed before 1531 (6059 catalogue numbers) to the Royal Library. In the manuscript collection, the inclusion of his collection marks the division between the Old Royal Collection (GKS) and the New Royal Collection (NKS). Many of the treasures in the rare books collection come from his library, and his definition of paleotypes (books printed before 1531) has (in the 20th c.) determined the definition of the collection of post-incunabula.  Otto Thott did not write owners’ marks or notes in his books and he left very little archival material concerning the ways in which he created his library. Regrettably, the literary correspondence mentioned in his will has not survived.  The article analyses a data set consisting of all catalogue records (in MARC format) concerning manuscripts from Otto Thott’s manuscript collection. These catalogue records in the library system derive from the catalogue made by Rasmus Nyerup (excluding oriental manuscripts) and published in 1795. When, towards the end of the 19th centrury, the alphabetical and the systematical catalogues of the collection of western manuscripts were produced, the entries in Nyerup’s catalogue were copied by hand without being revised. After the IT revolution, when the catalogue records of the systematical catalogue were transferred to a digital database of records, these records were copied once again without revision. It is shown what kind of errors from the catalogue of 1795 were still present in the on line catalogue in 2019.  The quantitative analysis shows that the bulk of the manuscripts in Thott’s manuscript collection are manuscripts in Danish and German from Thott’s own century. The subject headings with most entries are Theology, History, History of Denmark, Danish Biography and Literature. As to provenances there is information concerning the manuscript’s provenance before the inclusion in Otto Thoot’s library in 17 % of the catalogue records.  The analysis shows that Otto Thott’s manuscript collection was a universal collection with no specific preferences. The conclusion argues that it is necessary to get information from the various printed catalogs of the manuscript collection into the digital library system and that parts of Thott’s manuscript collection deserve revisiting and recataloguing. The Royal Danish Library’s manuscript collection might explore alternatives to the MARC-format for manuscript cataloguing. In a wider context, it is argued that Otto Thott’s library should be considered a knot in a network, and that data from the many book auction catalogues should be extracted and used for mapping the destinies of specific books and manuscripts.

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